Constructing an archaeology of children: Studying children and child material culture from the African past

Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 13-26

  Bugarin, Flordeliz T ^a  

^a GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Africa; Ethnoarchaeology; Subsistence strategies

Indexed keywords

EID: 84978671097     PISSN: 1551823X     EISSN: 15518248     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/ap3a.2005.15.13     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Agorsah, E. Kofi., 1993 Archaeology and Resistance History in the Caribbean. The African Archaeological Review 11:175-195.
2. Aries, Philippe., 1962 Centuriesof Childhood. New York: Vintage Books.
3. Barnard, Alan J., 1992 Hunters and Herders of Southern Africa: A Comparative Ethnography of the Khoisan Peoples. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4. Blurton Jones, Nicholas., 1993 The Lives of Hunter-Gatherer Children: Effects of Parental Behavior and Parental Reproductive Strategy. InJuvenile Primates: Life History, Development, and Behavior. Michael E.Pereira and Lynn A.Fairbanks, eds.Pp. 309-326. New York: Oxford University Press.
5. Blurton Jones, Nicholas., Kristen Hawkes., and Patricia Draper., 1994a Differences between Hadza and !Kung Children’s Work: Original Affluence or Practical Reason?. InKey Issues in Hunter-Gatherer Research. Ernest S.Burch and Linda J.Ellana, eds.Pp. 189-215. Oxford: Berg.
6. Blurton Jones., Nicholas, Kristen Hawkes., and Patricia Draper., 1994b Foraging Returns of !Kung Adults and Children: Why Didn’t !Kung Children Forage. Journal of Anthropological Research 50:217-248.
7. Blurton Jones., Nicholas, Kristen Hawkes., and J. F. O’Connell., 1989 Modeling and Measuring Costs of Children in Two Foraging Societies. InComparative Socioecology: The Behavioral Ecology of Humans and Other Mammals. V.Standen and R. A.Foley, eds.Pp. 367-390. London: Basil Blackwell.
8. Blurton Jones., Nicholas, Kristen Hawkes., and J. F. O’Connell., 1997 Why Do Hadza Children Forage?. InUniting Psychology and Biology: Integrative Perspectives on Human Development. N. L.Segal, G. E.Weisfeld, and C. C.Weisfeld, eds.Pp. 297-331. New York: American Psychological Association.
9. Bonnichsen, Robson., 1973 Millie’s Camp: An Experiment in Archaeology. World Archaeology 4(3): 277-291.
10. Bugarin, Flordeliz T., 2002 Trade and Interaction on the Eastern Cape Frontier: An Historical Archaeological Study of the Xhosa and the British during the Early 19th Century. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida.
11. Burns, Allan F., 1994 Join the Circle: The Folklore of Florida Children. Unpublished MS, University of Florida.
12. Calvert, Kari., Lee Fishbeck., 1992 Children in the House: The Material Culture of Early Childhood, 1600-1900. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
13. Cannizzo, J., 1979 Rastamen, Reggae, and West African Masquerading. Paper presented at the 22nd Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, Los Angeles, October 31-November 3.
14. Child, Daphne., 1969 Yesterday’s Children. Cape Town: Howard Timmins.
15. Conkey, Margaret W., and Joan M. Gero., 1991 Tensions, Pluralities, and Engendering Archaeology: An Introduction to Women and Prehistory. InEngendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory. Joan M.Gero and Margaret W.Conkey, eds.Pp. 3-30. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
16. Deagan, Kathleen., 1991 Historical Archaeology’s Contribution to Our Understanding of Early America. InHistorical Archaeology in Global Perspective. L.Falk, ed.Pp. 97-112. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
17. Deal, Michael., 1985 Household Pottery Disposal in the Maya Highlands: An Ethnoarchaeological Interpretation. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 4:243-291.
18. Deetz, James., 1993 Flowerdew Hundred: The Archaeology of a Virginia Plantation, 1619-1864. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
19. Deetz, James., 1996 In Small Things Forgotten. New York: Anchor Books.
20. Doke, C. M., 1937 Games, Plays, and Dances of the = Khomani Bushman. InBushmen of the Southern Kalahari. J. D.Rheinallt Jones and C. M.Doke, eds.Pp. 89-99. Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand.
21. Draper, Patricia., 1975 Culture Pressure on Sex Differences. American Ethnologist 2:602-616.
22. Draper, Patricia., 1976 Social and Economic Constraints on Child Life among the !Kung. InKalahari Hunter-Gatherers. Richard B.Lee and IrvenDeVore, eds.Pp. 199-217. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
23. Draper, Patricia., and Elizabeth Cashdan., 1988 Technological Change and Child Behavior among the !Kung. Ethnology 27:339-365.
24. Draper, Patricia., and Marion Kranichfeld., 1990 Cominginfrom the Bush: Settled Life by the !Kung and Their Accommodation to Bantu Neighbors. Human Ecology 18(4): 363-384.
25. Fedders, Andrem., and Cynthia Salvadori., 1973 Maasai. London: William Collins Sons.
26. Ferguson, Leland., 1991 Struggling with Pots in Colonial South Carolina. InThe Archaeology of Inequality. R.McGuire and R.Paynter, eds.Pp. 28-39. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
27. Ferguson, Leland., 1992 Uncommon Ground, Archaeology and Early African America, 1650-1800. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
28. Fourie, L., 1960 The Bushmen of South West Africa. InCulture and Societies of Africa. Pp. 87-95. New York: Random House.
29. French, Valerie., 1991 Children in Antiquity. InChildren in Historical and Comparative Perspective. Joseph M.Hawes and N.Ray Hiner, eds.Pp. 15-29. New York: Greenwood Press.
30. Goodman, Mary Ellen., 1970 The Culture of Childhood: Child’s-Eye Views of Society and Culture. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University.
31. Gulliford, Andrew., 1984 America’s Country Schools. Washington, DC: Preservation Press.
32. Haag, Enid E., 1988 Research Guide for Studies in Infancy and Childhood. New York: Greenwood Press.
33. Hammond, Gawain., and Norman Hammond., 1981 Child’s Play: A Distorting Factor in Archaeological Distribution. American Antiquity 46:634-636.
34. Harris, Marvin., 1993 Culture, People, Nature: An Introduction to General Anthropology. 6th edition. New York: Harper Collins College Publishers.
35. Hawkes, K., J. F. O’Connell., and N. G. Blurton Jones., 1989 Hardworking Hadza Grandmothers. InComparative Socioecology: The Behavioral Ecology of Humans and Other Mammals. V.Standen and R. A.Foley, eds.Pp. 344-366. London: Basil Blackwell.
36. Hawkes, K., J. F. O’Connell., and N. G. Blurton Jones., 1995 Hadza Children’s Foraging: Juvenile Dependency, Social Arrangements, and Mobility among Hunter-Gatherers. Current Anthropology 36:688-700.
37. Hawkes, K., J. F. O’Connell., and N. G. Blurton Jones., 1997Hadza Women’s Time Allocation, Offspring Provisioning, and the Evolution of Long Postmenopausal Life Spans. Current Anthropology 38:551-577.
38. Hawkes, K., J. F. O’Connell., and N. G. Blurton Jones., 2001a Hadza Meat Sharing. Evolution and Human Behavior 22:113-142.
39. Hawkes, K., J. F. O’Connell., and N. G. Blurton Jones., 2001b Hunting and Nuclear Families, Some Lessons from the Hadza about Men’s Work. Current Anthropology 42:681-709.
40. Hayden, Brian., and Aubrey Cannon., 1983 Where the Garbage Goes: Refuse Disposal in the Maya Highlands. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 2:117-163.
41. Hiner, N. Ray., and Joseph M. Hawes., 1991 Standing on Common Ground: Reflections on the History of Children and Childhood. InChildren in Historical and Comparative Perspective. Joseph M.Hawes and N.Ray Hiner, eds.Pp. 1-9. New York: Greenwood Press.
42. Kamp, Kathryn A., 2001 Where Have All the Children Gone? The Archaeology of Childhood. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 8(1): 1-34.
43. Kramer, Carol., 1979 Ethnoarchaeology: Implications of Ethnography for Archaeology. New York: Columbia University Press.
44. Lee, Richard Borshay., 1979 The !Kung San: Men, Women, and Work in a Foraging Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
45. Lesnik-Oberstein, Karin, ed. 1998 Children in Culture: Approaches to Childhood. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
46. Lightfoot, Kent G., 1995 Culture Contact Studies: Redefining the Relationship between Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology. American Antiquity 60(2): 199-217.
47. McGuire, Randall H., and Robert Paynter., 1991 The Archaeology of Inequality. Oxford: Blackwell.
48. Marshall, Lorna., 1976 The !Kung of Nyae Nyae. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
49. Mitzlaff, Ulrike von., 1993 Maasai Women: Life in a Patriarchal Society. Field Research among the Parakuyo, Tanzania. München: Trickster Verlag; [Dar es Salaam]: Tanzania Publishing House.
50. Mouritsen, Flemming, and JensQvortrup, eds. 2002 Childhood and Children’s Culture. Odense, Denmark: University Press of Southern Denmark.
51. Nag, Moni., Benjamin White., and Robert Peet., 1978 An Anthropological Approach to the Study of the Economic Value of Children in Java and Nepal. Current Anthropology 19:239-306.
52. Ntantala, Phyllis., 1993 A Life’s Mosaic: The Autobiography of Phyllis Ntantala. Berkeley: University of California Press.
53. Nwankwo, Ekwunife Anthony., 1993 Childhood Games and Toys in Traditional Igbo Community: A Powerful Documentation of Igbo Culture and Birth of a New Awareness on Culture. Nsukka, Nigeria: University of Nigeria.
54. Olwig, Karen Fog, and EvaGulløv, eds. 2003 Children’s Places: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. New York: Routledge.
55. Peires, J. B., 1982 The House of Phalo, A History of the Xhosa People in the Days of Their Independence. Berkeley: University of California Press.
56. Read, Margaret., 1968 Children of Their Fathers: Growing Up among the Ngoni of Malawi. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
57. Reynolds, Pamela., 1990 The Double Strategy of Children in South Africa. Sociological Studies of Child Development 3:113-137.
58. Roberts, Joan I., and Sherrie K. Akinsanya., 1976 Educational Patterns and Cultural Configurations: The Anthropology of Education. New York: D. McKay.
59. Sassi, Dino., 1979 Maasai. Nairobi: Kensta.
60. Schapera, I., 1930 The Khoisan Peoples of South Africa. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
61. Schildkrout, Enid., 1978 Age and Gender in Hausa Society: Socio-Economic Roles of Children in Urban Kano. InSex and Age as Principles of Social Differentiation. Jean S.La Fontaine, ed.Pp. 109-137. New York: Academic Press.
62. Schmidt, Peter., and T. Patterson., 1995 Making Alternative Histories. Santa Fe: SAR Press.
63. Schrire, Carmel., 1992 The Archaeological Identity of Hunters and Herders at the Cape over the Last 2000 Years: A Critique. South African Archaeological Bulletin 46:62-64.
64. Schrire, Carmel., 1996 Digging through Darkness: Chronicles of an Archaeologist. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
65. Sharman, Margaret., 1979 People of the Plains, Maasai. Kenya: Evans Brothers.
66. Sigsgaard, Jens., 1979 Børnekultur, Børnefolklore og Kulturarv. Folk og Kultur. København, Denmark: Akademisk Forlag.
67. Singleton, Theresa A., ed. 1985 The Archaeology of Slavery and Plantation Life. New York: Academic Press.
68. Soga, John Henderson., 1931 The Ama-Xhosa: Life and Customs. Lovedale, South Africa: Lovedale Press.
69. Spector, Janet D., 1991 What This Awl Means: Toward a Feminist Archaeology. InEngendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory. Joan M.Gero and Margaret W.Conkey, eds.Pp. 388-406. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
70. Thompson, Leonard., 1990 A History of South Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press.
71. Tringham, Ruth E., 1991 Households with Faces: The Challenge of Gender in Prehistoric Architectural Remains. InEngendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory. Joan M.Gero and Margaret W.Conkey, eds.Pp. 93-131. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
72. Watson, Patty J., 1979 Archaeological Ethnography in Western Iran. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, No. 57. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
73. Weik, Terrance M., 2002 A Historical Archaeology of Black Seminole Maroons in Florida: Ethnogenesis and Culture Contact at Pilaklikaka. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida.
74. White, Benjamin., 1982 Child Labour and Population Growth in Rural Asia. Development and Change 13:587-610.
75. Whiting, Beatrice B., and John W. M. Whiting., 1975 Children of Six Cultures, A Psycho-Cultural Analysis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
76. Wilk, Richard., and Michael B. Schiffer., 1979 The Archaeology of Vacant Lots in Tucson, Arizona. American Antiquity 44:530-536.
77. Wylie, Alison., 1991 Gender Theory and the Archaeological Record: Why Is There No Archaeology of Gender?. InEngendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory. Joan M.Gero and Margaret W.Conkey, eds.Pp. 31-54. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
78. Yellen, J. E., 1977 Archaeological Approaches to the Present: Models for Reconstructing the Past. New York: Academic Press.
79. York, R. N., 1973 Excavations at New Buipe. West African Journal of Archaeology 3:1-189.