The JRA-55 reanalysis: Representation of atmospheric circulation and climate variability

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

Volumn 94, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 269-302

  Harada, Yayoi ^a   Kamahori, Hirotaka ^a   Kobayashi, Chiaki ^a   Endo, Hirokazu ^a   Kobayashi, Shinya ^a   Ota, Yukinari ^a   Onoda, Hirokatsu ^a   Onogi, Kazutoshi ^a   Miyaoka, Kengo ^a   Takahashi, Kiyotoshi ^a  

^a JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Atmospheric circulation; Climate variability; Reanalysis; Verification

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CLIMATE VARIATION; DATA SET; EQUATORIAL WAVE; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; STRATOSPHERE; TRMM;

AUSTRALIA; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 84978512277     PISSN: 00261165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2151/jmsj.2016-015     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Adler, R. F., G. J. Huffman, A. Chang, R. Ferraro, P.-P. Xie, J. Janowiak, B. Rudolf, U. Schneider, S. Curtis, D. Bolvin, A. Gruber, J. Susskind, P. Arkin, and E. Nelkin, 2003: The version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979–present). J. Hydrometeor., 4, 1147– 1167.
2. Allan, R., and T. Ansell, 2006: A new globally complete monthly historical gridded mean sea level pressure dataset (HadSLP2): 1850–2004. J. Climate, 19, 5816– 5842.
3. Bell, G. D., M. S. Halpert, R. C. Schnell, R. W. Higgins, J. Lawrimore, V. E. Kousky, R. Tinker, W. Thiaw, M. Chelliah, and A. Artusa, 2000: Climate assessment for 1999. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, S1–S50.
4. Chen, G., T. Iwasaki, H. Qin, and W. Sha, 2014: Evaluation of the warm-season diurnal variability over East Asia in recent reanalyses JRA-55, ERA-Interim, NCEP CFSR, and NASA MERRA. J. Climate, 27, 5517– 5537.
5. Compo, G. P., J. S. Whitaker, P. D. Sardeshmukh, N. Matsui, R. J. Allan, X. Yin, B. E. Gleason, R. S. Vose, G. Rutledge, P. Bessemoulin, S. Brönnimann, M. Brunet, R. I. Crouthamel, A. N. Grant, P. Y. Groisman, P. D. Jones, M. C. Kruk, A. C. Kruger, G. J. Marshall, M. Maugeri, H. Y. Mok, Ø. Nordli, T. F. Ross, R. M. Trigo, X. L. Wang, S. D. Woodruff, and S. J. Worley, 2011: The Twentieth Century Reanalysis project. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 1–28.
6. Dee, D. P., S. M. Uppala, A. J. Simmons, P. Berrisford, P. Poli, S. Kobayashi, U. Andrae, M. A. Balmaseda, G. Balsamo, P. Bauer, P. Bechtold, A. C. M. Beljaars, L. van de Berg, J. Bidlot, N. Bormann, C. Delsol, R. Dragani, M. Fuentes, A. J. Geer, L. Haimberger, S. B. Healy, H. Hersbach, E. V. Hólm, L. Isaksen, P. Kållberg, M. Köhler, M. Matricardi, A. P. McNally, B. M. Monge-Sanz, J.-J. Morcrette, B.-K. Park, C. Peubey, P. de Rosnay, C. Tavolato, J.-N. Thépaut, and F. Vitart, 2011: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553–597.
7. Duchon, C. E., 1979: Lanczos filtering in one and two dimensions. J. Appl. Meteor., 18, 1016–1022.
8. Ebdon, R. A., 1960: Notes on the wind flow at 50 mb in tropical and sub-tropical regions in January 1957 and January 1958. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 86, 540–542.
9. Finger, F. G., and S. Teweles, 1964: The mid-winter 1963 stratospheric warming and circulation change. J. Appl. Meteor., 3, 1–15.
10. Fiorino, M., 2002: Analysis and forecasts of tropical cyclones in the ECMWF 40-year reanalysis (ERA-40). 25th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, San Diego, CA, USA, 261–264.
11. Fujiwara, M., J. Suzuki, A. Gettelman, M. I. Hegglin, H. Akiyoshi, and K. Shibata, 2012: Wave activity in the tropical tropopause layer in seven reanalysis and four chemistry climate model data sets. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D12105, doi:10.1029/2011JD016808.
12. Gruber, A., and A. F. Kruger, 1984: The status of the NOAA outgoing longwave radiation data set. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 65, 958–962.
13. Harada, Y., A. Goto, H. Hasegawa, N. Fujikawa, H. Naoe, and T. Hirooka, 2010: A major stratospheric sudden warming event in January 2009. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2052–2069.
14. Hoskins, B. J., M. E. McIntyre, and A. W. Robertson, 1985: On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 877–946.
15. Huffman, G. J., R. F. Adler, D. T. Bolvin, G. Gu, E. J. Nelkin, K. P. Bowman, Y. Hong, E. F. Stocker, and D. B. Wolff, 2007: The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 38–55.
16. Iwasaki, T., 1989: A diagnostic formulation for wave–mean flow interactions and Lagrangian-mean circulation with a hybrid vertical coordinate of pressure and isentropes. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 67, 293–312.
17. Iwasaki, T., 1990: Lagrangian-mean circulation and wave– mean flow interactions of Eady’s baroclinic instability waves. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 68, 347–356.
18. Iwasaki, T., 1992: General circulation diagnosis in the pressure-isentrope hybrid vertical coordinate. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 673–687.
19. Iwasaki, T., 1998: A set of zonal mean equations in a pressure-isentrope hybrid vertical coordinate. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3000–3002.
20. Iwasaki, T., H. Hamada, and K. Miyazaki, 2009: Compar isons of Brewer-Dobson circulations diagnosed from reanalyses. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 87, 997–1006.
21. Jones, P. D., D. H. Lister, T. J. Osborn, C. Harpham, M. Salmon, and C. P. Morice, 2012: Hemispheric and large-scale land surface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2010. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D05127, doi:10.1029/2011JD017139.
22. 2O by the NIMBUS 7 SAMS: A comparison with in situ data and two-dimensional numerical model calculations. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 5263–5279.
23. Kalnay, E., M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, W. Collins, D. Deaven, L. Gandin, M. Iredell, S. Saha, G. White, J. Woollen, Y. Zhu, M. Chelliah, W. Ebisuzaki, W. Higgins, J. Janowiak, K. C. Mo, C. Ropelewski, J. Wang, A. Leetmaa, R. Reynolds, R. Jenne, and D. Joseph, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437–471.
24. Kanamitsu, M., W. Ebisuzaki, J. Woollen, S. K. Yang, J. J. Hnilo, M. Fiorino, and G. L. Potter, 2002: NCEP– DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1631–1643.
25. Kawatani, Y., K. Sato, T. J. Dunkerton, S. Watanabe, S. Miyahara, and M. Takahashi, 2010: The roles of equatorial trapped waves and internal inertia–gravity waves in driving the quasi-biennial oscillation. Part I: Zonal mean wave forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 963–980.
26. Kennedy, J. J., N. A. Rayner, R. O. Smith, D. E. Parker, and M. Saunby, 2011a: Reassessing biases and other uncertainties in sea-surface temperature observations measured in situ since 1850: 1. Measurement and sampling errors. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D14103, doi:10.1029/2010JD015218.
27. Kennedy, J. J., N. A. Rayner, R. O. Smith, D. E. Parker, and M. Saunby, 2011b: Reassessing biases and other uncertainties in sea-surface temperature observations measured in situ since 1850: 2. Biases and homogenization. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D14104, doi:10.1029/2010JD015220.
28. Kim, D., M. I. Lee, D. Kim, S. D. Schubert, D. E. Waliser, and B. Tian, 2014: Representation of tropical subseasonal variability of precipitationin global reanalyses. Climate Dyn., 43, 517–534.
29. Kistler, R., E. Kalnay, W. Collins, S. Saha, G. White, J. Woollen, M. Chelliah, W. Ebisuzaki, M. Kanamitsu, V. Kousky, H. van den Dool, R. Jenne, and M. Fiorino, 2001: The NCEP-NCAR 50-year reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 247–267.
30. Kobayashi, C., and T. Iwasaki, 2016: Brewer-Dobson circulation diagnosed from JRA-55. J. Geophys. Res., 121, doi:10.1002/2015JD023476.
31. Kobayashi, C., H. Endo, Y. Ota, S. Kobayashi, H. Onoda, Y. Harada, K. Onogi, and H. Kamahori, 2014: Preliminary results of the JRA-55C, an atmospheric reanal ysis assimilating conventional observations only. SOLA, 10, 78–82.
32. Kobayashi, S., Y. Ota, Y. Harada, A. Ebita, M. Moriya, H. Onoda, K. Onogi, H. Kamahori, C. Kobayashi, H. Endo, K. Miyaoka, and K. Takahashi, 2015: The JRA-55 Reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 93, 5–48.
33. Liebmann, B., and C. A. Smith, 1996: Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1275–1277.
34. Mitchell, D. M., L. J. Gray, M. Fujiwara, T. Hibino, J. A. Anstey, W. Ebisuzaki, Y. Harada, C. Long, S. Misios, P. A. Stott, and D. Tan, 2015: Signatures of naturally induced variability in the atmosphere using multiple reanalyses datasets. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 141, 2011–2031.
35. Morice, C. P., J. J. Kennedy, N. A. Rayner, and P. D. Jones, 2012: Quantifying uncertainties in global and regional temperature change using an ensemble of observational estimates: The HadCRUT4 data set. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D08101, doi:10.1029/2011JD017187.
36. Murakami, T., 2014: Tropical cyclones in reanalysis data sets. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 2133–2141.
37. Nakamura, H., T. Sampe, A. Goto, W. Ohfuchi, and S.-P. Xie, 2008: On the importance of midlatitude oceanic frontal zones for the mean state and dominant variability in the tropospheric circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L15709, doi:10.1029/2008GL034010.
38. Nicholson, S. E., B. Some, J. McCollum, E. Nelkin, D. Klotter, Y. Berte, B. M. Diallo, I. Gaye, G. Kpabeba, O. Ndiaye, J. N. Noukpozounkou, M. M. Tanu, A. Thiam, A. A. Toure, and A. K. Traore, 2003a: Validation of TRMM and other rainfall estimates with a high-density gauge dataset for West Africa. Part I: Validation of GPCC rainfall product and pre-TRMM satellite and blended products. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 1337–1354.
39. Nicholson, S. E., B. Some, J. McCollum, E. Nelkin, D. Klotter, Y. Berte, B. M. Diallo, I. Gaye, G. Kpabeba, O. Ndiaye, J. N. Noukpozounkou, M. M. Tanu, A. Thiam, A. A. Toure, and A. K. Traore, 2003b: Validation of TRMM and other rainfall estimates with a high-density gauge dataset for West Africa. Part II: Validation of TRMM rainfall products. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 1355–1368.
40. Onogi, K., J. Tsutsui, H. Koide, M. Sakamoto, S. Kobayashi, H. Hatsushika, T. Matsumoto, N. Yamazaki, H. Kamahori, K. Takahashi, S. Kadokura, K. Wada, K. Kato, R. Oyama, T. Ose, N. Mannoji, and R. Taira, 2007: The JRA-25 Reanalysis. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 85, 369–432.
41. Reed, R. J., 1965: The quasi-biennial oscillation of the atmosphere between 30 and 50 km over Ascension Island. J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 331–333.
42. Rienecker, M. M., M. J. Suarez, R. Gelaro, R. Todling, J. Bacmeister, E. Liu, M. G. Bosilovich, S. D. Schubert, L. Takacs, G.-K. Kim, S. Bloom, J. Chen, D. Collins, A. Conaty, A. da Silva, W. Gu, J. Joiner, R. D. Koster, R. Lucchesi, A. Molod, T. Owens, S. Pawson, P. Pegion, C. R. Redder, R. Reichle, F. R. Robertson, A. G. Ruddick, M. Sienkiewicz, and J. Woollen, 2011: MERRA: NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. J. Climate, 24, 3624–3648.
43. Ritchie, H., 1985: Application of a semi-Lagrangian integration scheme to the moisture equation in a regional forecast model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 424–435.
44. Saha, S., S. Moorthi, H.-L. Pan, X. Wu, J. Wang, S. Nadiga, P. Tripp, R. Kistler, J. Woollen, D. Behringer, H. Liu, D. Stokes, R. Grumbine, G. Gayno, Y.-T. Hou, H.-Y. Chuang, H.-M. H. Juang, J. Sela, M. Iredell, R. Treadon, D. Kleist, P. van Delst, D. Keyser, J. Derber, M. Ek, J. Meng, H. Wei, R. Yang, S. Lord, H. van den Dool, A. Kumar, W. Wang, C. Long, M. Chelliah, Y. Xue, B. Huang, J.-K. Schemm, W. Ebisuzaki, R. Lin, P. Xie, M. Chen, S. Zhou, W. Higgins, C.-Z. Zou, Q. Liu, Y. Chen, Y. Han, L. Cucurull, R. W. Reynolds, G. Rutledge, and M. Goldberg, 2010: The NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91, 1015–1057.
45. Sampe, T., H. Nakamura, A. Goto, and W. Ohfuchi, 2010: Significance of a midlatitude SST frontal zone in the formation of a storm track and an eddy-driven westerly jet. J. Climate, 23, 1793–1814.
46. Schenkel, B. A., and R. E. Hart, 2012: An examination of tropical cyclone position, intensity, and intensity life cycle within atmospheric reanalysis datasets. J. Climate, 25, 3453–3475.
47. Schneider, U., A. Becker, P. Finger, A. Meyer-Christoffer, B. Rudolf, and M. Ziese, 2011: GPCC full data reanalysis version 6.0 at 0.5°: Monthly land-surface precipitation from rain-gauges built on GTS-based and historic data. doi:10.5676/DWD_GPCC/FD_M_ V6_050.
48. Tanaka, D., T. Iwasaki, S. Uno, M. Ujiie, and K. Miyazaki, 2004: Eliassen–Palm flux diagnosis based on isentropic representation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2370–2383.
49. Ten, H., G. Branstator, H. Wang, G. A. Meehl, and W. M. Washington, 2013: Probability of US heat waves affected by a subseasonal planetary wave pattern. Nat. Geosci., 6, 1056–1061.
50. Uppala, S. M., P. W. Kållberg, A. J. Simmons, U. Andrae, V. da Costa Bechtold, M. Fiorino, J. K. Gibson, J. Haseler, A. Hernandez, G. A. Kelly, X. Li, K. Onogi, S. Saarinen, N. Sokka, R. P. Allan, E. Andersson, K. Arpe, M. A. Balmaseda, A. C. M. Beljaars, L. van de Berg, J. Bidlot, N. Bormann, S. Caires, F. Chevallier, A. Dethof, M. Dragosavac, M. Fisher, M. Fuentes, S. Hagemann, E. Hólm, B. J. Hoskins, L. Isaksen, P. A. E. M. Janssen, R. Jenne, A. P. McNally, J.-F. Mahfouf, J.-J. Morcrette, N. A. Rayner, R. W. Saunders, P. Simon, A. Sterl, K. E. Trenberth, A. Untch, D. Vasiljevic, P. Viterbo, and J. Woollen, 2005: The ERA-40 re-analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961–3012.
51. Waters, J. W., L. Froidevaux, R. S. Harwood, R. F. Jarnot, H. M. Pickett, W. G. Read, P. H. Siegel, R. E. Cofield, M. J. Filipiak, D. A. Flower, J. R. Holden, G. K. Lau, N. J. Livesey, G. L. Manney, H. C. Pumphrey, M. L. Santee, D. L. Wu, D. T. Cuddy, R. R. Lay, M. S. Loo, V. S. Perun, M. J. Schwartz, P. C. Stek, R. P. Thurstans, M. A. Boyles, K. M. Chandra, M. C. Chavez, G.-S. Chen, B. V. Chudasama, R. Dodge, R. A. Fuller, M. A. Girard, J. H. Jiang, Y. Jiang, B. W. Knosp, R. C. LaBelle, J. C. Lam, K. A. Lee, D. Miller, J. E. Oswald, N. C. Patel, D. M. Pukala, O. Quintero, D. M. Scaff, W. van Snyder, M. C. Tope, P. A. Wagner, and M. J. Walch, 2006: The Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder (EOS MLS) on the Aura satellite. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 1075–1092.
52. Wheeler, M., and G. N. Kiladis, 1999: Convectively coupled equatorial waves: Analysis of clouds and temperature in the wavenumber–frequency domain. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 374–399.
53. Worley, S. J., S. D. Woodruff, R. W. Reynolds, S. J. Lubker, and N. Lott, 2005: ICOADS Release 2.1 data and products. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 823–842.
54. Yokoi, S., 2015: Multi-reanalysis comparison of variability in column water vapor and its analysis increment associated with Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 28, 793–808.