Psychophysical differences in ventilatory awareness and breathlessness between athletes and sedentary individuals

Frontiers in Physiology

Volumn 7, Issue JUN, 2016, Pages

  Faull, Olivia K ^a   Cox, Pete J ^a   Pattinson, Kyle T S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Athletes; Breathlessness; Maximal exercise; Ventilation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AIR CONDITIONING; ANXIETY QUESTIONNAIRE; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; AWARENESS; BREATHLESSNESS ANXIETY; BREATHLESSNESS INTENSITY; CHEMOSTIMULATED VENTILATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DYSPNEA; EFFECT SIZE; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; GENERAL ASPECTS OF DISEASE; HUMAN; INCREMENTAL EXERCISE TEST; LUNG FUNCTION TEST; MALE; MAXIMAL VENTILATORY CAPACITY; MISCELLANEOUS NAMED GROUPS; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE; SPIROMETRY; STEADY STATE HYPERCAPNIC VENTILATORY RESPONSE TEST; VENTILATORY AWARENESS;

EID: 84977642546     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1664042X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00231     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Aldrich, T. K., Arora, N. S., and Rochester, D. F. (1982). The influence of airway-obstruction and respiratory muscle strength on maximal voluntary ventilation in lung-disease. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 126, 195-199.
2. Altose, M. D. (1985). Assessment and management of breathlessness. Chest 88, 77S-83S. doi: 10.1378/chest.88.2_Supplement.77S
3. Banzett, R. B., Pedersen, S. H., Schwartzstein, R. M., and Lansing, R. W. (2008). The affective dimension of laboratory dyspnea. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 177, 1384-1390. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200711-1675OC
4. Bassett, D. R., and Howley, E. T. (2000). Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 32, 70-84. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200001000-00012
5. Bayulkem, K., and Lopez, G. (2010). Nonmotor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: clinical spectrum and classification. J. Neurol. Sci. 289, 89-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.022
6. Beaver, W. L., Wasserman, K., and Whipp, B. J. (1986). A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas-exchange. J Appl Physiol 60, 2020-2027.
7. Borg, E., Borg, G., Larsson, K., Letzter, M., and Sundblad, B. M. (2010). An index for breathlessness and leg fatigue. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 20, 644-650. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00985.x
8. Carrieri-Kohlman, V., Donesky-Cuenco, D., Park, S. K., Mackin, L., Nguyen, H. Q., and Paul, S. (2010). Additional evidence for the affective dimension of dyspnea in patients with COPD. Res. Nurs. Health 33, 4-19. doi: 10.1002/nur.20359
9. Carrieri-Kohlman, V., Gormley, J. M., Eiser, S., Demir-Deviren, S., Nguyen, H., Paul, S. M., et al. (2001). Dyspnea and the affective response during exercise training in obstructive pulmonary disease. Nurs. Res. 50, 136-146. doi: 10.1097/00006199-200105000-00002
10. Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychol. Bull. 112:155. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
11. Dempsey, J. A., Hanson, P. G., and Henderson, K. S. (1984). Exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia in healthy human subjects at sea level. J. Physiol. 355, 161-175. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015412
12. El-Manshawi, A., Killian, K. J., Summers, E., and Jones, N. L. (1986). Breathlessness during exercise with and without resistive loading. J. Appl. Physiol. 61, 896-905.
13. Ezra, M., Faull, O. K., Jbabdi, S., and Pattinson, K. T. (2015). Connectivity-based segmentation of the periaqueductal gray matter in human with brainstem optimized diffusion MRI. Hum. Brain Mapp. 36, 3459-3471. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22855
14. Faull, O. K., Jenkinson, M., Clare, S., and Pattinson, K. T. (2015). Functional subdivision of the human periaqueductal grey in respiratory control using Tesla fMRI. Neuroimage 113, 356-364. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.026
15. Faull, O. K., Jenkinson, M., Ezra, M., and Pattinson, K. T. (2016). Conditioned respiratory threat in the subdivisions of the human periaqueductal gray. Elife 5:e12047. doi: 10.7554/eLife.12047
16. Gardner, F. L., and Moore, Z. E. (2004). A mindfulness-acceptance-commitment-based approach to athletic performance enhancement: theoretical considerations. Behav. Ther. 35, 707-723. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80016-9
17. Garfinkel, S. N., Seth, A. K., Barrett, A. B., Suzuki, K., and Critchley, H. D. (2015). Knowing your own heart: distinguishing interoceptive accuracy from interoceptive awareness. Biol. Psychol. 104, 65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.11.004
18. Georges, M., Moraviec, E., Raux, M., Gonzalez-Bermejo, J., Pradat, P. F., Similowski, T., et al. (2016). Cortical drive to breathe in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a dyspnoea-worsening defence? Eur. Respir. J. 47, 1818-1828. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01686-2015
19. Giardino, N. D., Curtis, J. L., Abelson, J. L., King, A. P., Pamp, B., Liberzon, I., et al. (2010). The impact of panic disorder on interoception and dyspnea reports in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biol. Psychol. 84, 142-146. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.02.007
20. Hamilton, A. L., Killian, K. J., Summers, E., and Jones, N. L. (1996). Quantification of intensity of sensations during muscular work by normal subjects. J. Appl. Physiol. 81, 1156-1161.
21. Harms, C. A., Babcock, M. A., McClaran, S. R., Pegelow, D. F., Nickele, G. A., Nelson, W. B., et al. (1997). Respiratory muscle work compromises leg blood flow during maximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 82, 1573-1583.
22. Harms, C. A., Wetter, T. J., St Croix, C. M., Pegelow, D. F., and Dempsey, J. A. (2000). Effects of respiratory muscle work on exercise performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 89, 131-138.
23. Hayen, A., Herigstad, M., and Pattinson, K. T. S. (2013). Understanding dyspnea as a complex individual experience. Maturitas 76, 45-50. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.06.005
24. Herigstad, M., Hayen, A., Evans, E., Hardinge, F. M., Davies, R. J., Wiech, K., et al. (2015). Dyspnea-related cues engage the prefrontal cortex. Chest 148, 953-961. doi: 10.1378/chest.15-0416
25. Herigstad, M., Hayen, A., Reinecke, A., and Pattinson, K. T. (2016). Development of a dyspnoea word cue set for studies of emotional processing in COPD. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 223, 37-42. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.12.006
26. Herigstad, M., Hayen, A., Wiech, K., and Pattinson, K. T. S. (2011). Dyspnoea and the brain. Respir. Med. 105, 809-817. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.12.022
27. Janssens, T., De Peuter, S., Stans, L., Verleden, G., Troosters, T., Decramer, M., et al. (2011). Dyspnea perception in COPD: association between anxiety, dyspnea-related fear, and dyspnea in a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Chest 140, 618-625. doi: 10.1378/chest.10-3257
28. Johnson, B. D., Aaron, E. A., Babcock, M. A., and Dempsey, J. A. (1996). Respiratory muscle fatigue during exercise: implications for performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 28, 1129-1137. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199609000-00008
29. Johnson, B. D., Saupe, K. W., and Dempsey, J. A. (1992). Mechanical constraints on exercise hyperpnea in endurance athletes. J. Appl. Physiol. 73, 874-886.
30. Jones, P. W. (2001). Health status measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 56, 880-887. doi: 10.1136/thorax.56.11.880
31. Kaufman, M. P., and Forster, H. V. (1996). Reflexes controlling circulatory, ventilatory and airway responses to exercise. Comprehensive Physiology Supplement 29: Handbook of Physiology, Exercise: Regulation and Integration of Multiple Systems, eds L. B. Rowell and J. T. Shepherd (New York, NY: Oxford University Press), 381-447.
32. Lansing, R. W., Gracely, R. H., and Banzett, R. B. (2009). The multiple dimensions of dyspnea: review and hypotheses. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 167, 53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2008.07.012
33. Lansing, R. W., Im, B., Thwing, J. I., Legedza, A., and Banzett, R. B. (2000). The perception of respiratory work and effort can be independent of the perception of air hunger. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 162, 1690-1696. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.5.9907096
34. Laviolette, L., and Laveneziana, P. (2014). Dyspnoea: a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach. Eur. Respir. J. 43, 1750-1762. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00092613
35. Levy, M. L., Quanjer, P. H., Rachel, B., Cooper, B. G., Holmes, S., and Small, I. R. (2009). Diagnostic spirometry in primary care. Prim. Care Respir. J. 18, 130-147. doi: 10.4104/pcrj.2009.00054
36. Ley, R. (1999). The modification of breathing behavior pavlovian and operant control in emotion and cognition. Behav. Mod. 23, 441-479. doi: 10.1177/0145445599233006
37. McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., and Katch, V. L. (2006). Essentials of Exercise Physiology. Baltimore, MD; Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
38. McLaughlin, J. E., King, G. A., Howley, E. T. Bassett D. R. Jr, and Ainsworth, B. E. (2001). Validation of the COSMED K4 b2 portable metabolic system. Int. J. Sports Med. 22, 280-284. doi: 10.1055/s-2001-13816
39. Mutluay, F. K., Gürses, H. N., and Saip, S. (2005). Effects of multiple sclerosis on respiratory functions. Clin. Rehabil. 19, 426-432. doi: 10.1191/0269215505cr782oa
40. Pattinson, K. T., and Turner, M. R. (2016). A wider pathological network underlying breathlessness and respiratory failure in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur. Respir. J. 47, 1632-1634. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00321-2016
41. Powers, S. K., Dodd, S., Lawler, J., Landry, G., Kirtley, M., McKnight, T., et al. (1988). Incidence of exercise induced hypoxemia in elite endurance athletes at sea-level. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 58, 298-302. doi: 10.1007/BF00417266
42. Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl. Psychol. Meas. 1, 385-401. doi: 10.1177/014662167700100306
43. Reiss, S., Peterson, R. A., Gursky, D. M., and McNally, R. J. (1986). Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the prediction of fearfulness. Behav. Res. Ther. 24, 1-8. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(86)90143-9
44. Romer, L. M., and Polkey, M. I. (2008). Exercise-induced respiratory muscle fatigue: implications for performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 104, 879-888. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01157.2007
45. Schwartzstein, R. M., Manning, H. L., Weiss, J. W., and Weinberger, S. E. (1990). Dyspnea-a sensory experience. Lung 168, 185-199. doi: 10.1007/BF02719692
46. Schwartzstein, R. M., Simon, P. M., Weiss, J. W., Fencl, V., and Weinberger, S. E. (1989). Breathlessness Induced by dissociation between ventilation and chemical drive. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 139, 1231-1237. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/139.5.1231
47. Simon, P. M., Schwartzstein, R. M., Weiss, J. W., Lahive, K., Fencl, V., Teghtsoonian, M., et al. (1989). Distinguishable sensations of breathlessness induced in normal volunteers. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140, 1021-1027. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/140.4.1021
48. Sivak, E. D., Shefner, J. M., and Sexton, J. (1999). Neuromuscular disease and hypoventilation. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 5, 355-362. doi: 10.1097/00063198-199911000-00006
49. Smoller, J. W., Pollack, M. H., Otto, M. W., Rosenbaum, J. F., and Kradin, R. L. (1996). Panic anxiety, dyspnea, and respiratory disease: theoretical and clinical considerations. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154, 6-17. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.154.1.8680700
50. Solano, J. P., Gomes, B., and Higginson, I. J. (2006). A comparison of symptom prevalence in far advanced cancer, AIDS, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and renal disease. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 31, 58-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.06.007
51. Spielberger, C. D. (2010). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
52. von Leupoldt, A., and Dahme, B. (2005). Differentiation between the sensory and affective dimension of dyspnea during resistive load breathing in normal subjects. Chest 128, 3345-3349. doi: 10.1378/chest.128.5.3345
53. Waldrop, T. G., Eldridge, F. L., Iwamoto, G. A., and Mitchell, J. H. (1996). Central neural control of respiration and circulation during exercise, in Comprehensive Physiology Supplement 29: Handbook of Physiology, Exercise: Regulation and Integration of Multiple Systems, eds L. B. Rowell and J. T. Shepherd (New York, NY: Oxford University Press), 333-380.
54. Wasserman, K., Van Kessel, A. L., and Burton, G. G. (1967). Interaction of physiological mechanisms during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 22, 71-85.
55. Wasserman, K., Whipp, B. J., Koyal, S. N., and Beaver, W. L. (1973). Anaerobic threshold and respiratory gas-exchange during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 35, 236-243.