Exploring the role of eddy momentum fluxes in determining the characteristics of the equinoctial Hadley circulation: Fixed-SST simulations

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 73, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 2427-2444

  Singh, Martin S ^a   Kuang, Zhiming ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Atmospheric circulation; Circulation Dynamics; Dynamics; Hadley circulation; Large scale motions; Momentum

Indexed keywords

BUDGET CONTROL; DYNAMICS; MOMENTUM TRANSFER; OCEANOGRAPHY; SURFACE WATERS;

ANGULAR MOMENTUM BUDGET; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; EXPLICIT REPRESENTATION; HADLEY CIRCULATION; LARGE SCALE MOTION; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST); THERMODYNAMIC CONSTRAINTS;

MOMENTUM;

ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EDDY; ENERGY BUDGET; EQUATORIAL DYNAMICS; HADLEY CELL; MOMENTUM; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE;

EID: 84977597860     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: 15200469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0212.1     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Becker, E., G. Schmitz, and R. Geprägs, 1997: The feedback of midlatitude waves onto the Hadley cell in a simple general circulation model. Tellus, 49A, 182-199, doi:https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0870.1997.t01-1-00003.x
2. Bordoni, S., and T. Schneider, 2008: Monsoons as eddy-mediated regime transitions of the tropical overturning circulation. Nat. Geosci., 1, 515-519, doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo248
3. Bordoni, S., and T. Schneider, 2010: Regime transitions of steady and time-dependent Hadley circulations: Comparison of axisymmetric and eddy-permitting simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 1643-1654, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3294.1
4. Caballero, R., 2007: Role of eddies in the interannual variability of Hadley cell strength. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L22705, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030971
5. Caballero, R., 2008: Hadley cell bias in climate models linked to extratropical eddy stress. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18709, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035084
6. Caballero, R., R. T. Pierrehumbert, and J. L. Mitchell, 2008: Axisymmetric, nearly inviscid circulations in non-condensing radiative-convective atmospheres. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 1269-1285, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.271
7. Charney, J. G., 1963: A note on large-scale motions in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 607-609, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0607:ANOLSM>2.0.CO;2
8. Dickinson, R. E., 1971: Analytic model for zonal winds in the tropics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 99, 501-510, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1971)099<0501:AMFZWI>2.3.CO;2
9. Edmon, H. J., B. J. Hoskins, and M. E. McIntyre, 1980: Eliassen-Palm cross sections for the troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2600-2616, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<2600:EPCSFT>2.0.CO;2
10. Egger, J., 2001: Angular momentum of ß-plane flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2502-2508, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<2502:AMOPF>2.0.CO;2
11. Eliassen, A., 1951: Slow thermally or frictionally controlled meridional circulation in a circular vortex. Astrophys. Norv., 5, 19-60
12. Fang, M., and K. K. Tung, 1996: A simple model of nonlinear Hadley circulation with an ITCZ: Analytic and numerical solutions. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1241-1261, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<1241:ASMONH>2.0.CO;2
13. Fang, M., and K. K. Tung, 1999: Time-dependent nonlinear Hadley circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1797-1807, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<1797:TDNHC>2.0.CO;2
14. Held, I., and B. Hoskins, 1985: Large-scale eddies and the general circulation of the troposphere. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 28, Academic Press, 3-31, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60218-6
15. Held, I., and A. Y. Hou, 1980: Nonlinear axially symmetric circulations in a nearly inviscid atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 515-533, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<0515:NASCIA>2.0.CO;2
16. Holton, J. R., 2004: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. 4th ed. International Geophysics Series, Vol. 88, Academic Press, 535 pp
17. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2
18. Khairoutdinov, M. F., and D. A. Randall, 2003: Cloud resolving modeling of the ARM summer 1997 IOP: Model formulation, results, uncertainties, and sensitivities. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 607-625, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0607:CRMOTA>2.0.CO;2
19. Kim, H.-K., and S. Lee, 2001: Hadley cell dynamics in a primitive equation model. Part II: Nonaxisymmetric flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2859-2871, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<2859:HCDIAP>2.0.CO;2
20. Korty, R. L., and T. Schneider, 2008: Extent of Hadley circulations in dry atmospheres. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L23803, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035847
21. Krishnamurti, T. N., L. Stefanova, and V. Misra, 2013: Tropical Meteorology: An Introduction. Springer, 424 pp
22. Kuang, Z., P. N. Blossey, and C. S. Bretherton, 2005: A new approach for 3D cloud-resolving simulations of large-scale atmospheric circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02809, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021024
23. Kuo, H.-L., 1956: Forced and free meridional circulations in the atmosphere. J. Meteor., 13, 561-568, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1956)013<0561:FAFMCI>2.0.CO;2
24. Levine, X. J., and T. Schneider, 2011: Response of the Hadley circulation to climate change in an aquaplanet GCM coupled to a simple representation of ocean heat transport. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 769-783, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3553.1
25. Levine, X. J., and T. Schneider, 2015: Baroclinic eddies and the extent of the Hadley circulation: An idealized GCM study. J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 2744-2761, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-14-0152.1
26. Lindzen, R. S., and A. Y. Hou, 1988: Hadley circulations for zonally averaged heating centered offthe equator. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2416-2427, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<2416:HCFZAH>2.0.CO;2
27. Ma, J., S.-P. Xie, and Y. Kosaka, 2012: Mechanisms for tropical tropospheric circulation change in response to global warming. J. Climate, 25, 2979-2994, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00048.1
28. Merlis, T. M., M. Zhao, and I. M. Held, 2013: The sensitivity of hurricane frequency to ITCZ changes and radiatively forced warming in aquaplanet simulations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 4109-4114, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50680
29. O'Gorman, P. A., and T. Schneider, 2008: The hydrological cycle over a wide range of climates simulated with an idealized GCM. J. Climate, 21, 3815-3832, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI2065.1
30. Pauluis, O., D. M. W. Frierson, S. T. Garner, I. M. Held, and G. K. Vallis, 2006: The hypohydrostatic rescaling and its impacts on modeling of atmospheric convection. Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn., 20, 485-499, doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00162-006-0026-x
31. Peixoto, J. P., and A. H. Oort, 1992: Physics of Climate. AIP Press, 520 pp
32. Randel, W. J., and I. M. Held, 1991: Phase speed spectra of transient eddy fluxes and critical layer absorption. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 688-697, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<0688:PSSOTE>2.0.CO;2
33. Romps, D. M., 2014: Rayleigh damping in the free troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 553-565, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-13-062.1
34. Satoh, M., 1994: Hadley circulations in radiative-convective equilibrium in an axially symmetric atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1947-1968, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<1947:HCIREI>2.0.CO;2
35. Satoh, M., M. Shiobara, and M. Takahashi, 1995: Hadley circulations and their roles in the global angular momentum budget in two-and three-dimensional models. Tellus, 47A, 548-560, doi:https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0870.1995.00104.x
36. Schneider, E. K., 1977: Axially symmetric steady-state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. Part II. Nonlinear calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 280-296, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<0280:ASSSMO>2.0.CO;2
37. Schneider, E. K., 1984: Response of the annual and zonal mean winds and temperatures to variations in the heat and momentum sources. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1093-1115, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<1093:ROTAAZ>2.0.CO;2
38. Schneider, E. K., and R. S. Lindzen, 1976: The influence of stable stratification on the thermally driven tropical boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1301-1307, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1976)033<1301:TIOSSO>2.0.CO;2
39. Schneider, E. K., and R. S. Lindzen, 1977: Axially symmetric steady-state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. Part I. Linearized calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 263-279, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<0263:ASSSMO>2.0.CO;2
40. Schneider, T., and S. Bordoni, 2008: Eddy-mediated regime transitions in the seasonal cycle of a Hadley circulation and implications for monsoon dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 915-934, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAS2415.1
41. Sobel, A. H., and T. Schneider, 2009: Single-layer axisymmetric model for a Hadley circulation with parameterized eddy momentum forcing. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 1 (10), doi:https://doi.org/10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.10
42. Sobel, A. H., J. Nilsson, and L. M. Polvani, 2001: The weak temperature gradient approximation and balanced tropical moisture waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3650-3665, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<3650:TWTGAA>2.0.CO;2
43. Walker, C. C., and T. Schneider, 2005: Response of idealized Hadley circulations to seasonally varying heating. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L06813, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL022304
44. Walker, C. C., and T. Schneider, 2006: Eddy influences on Hadley circulations: Simulations with an idealized GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 3333-3350, doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3821.1
45. Williams, G. P., 1988a: The dynamical range of global circulations-I. Climate Dyn., 2, 205-260, doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01371320
46. Williams, G. P., 1988b: The dynamical range of global circulations-II. Climate Dyn., 3, 45-84, doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01080901
47. Wu, X., X.-Z. Liang, and G. J. Zhang, 2003: Seasonal migration of ITCZ precipitation across the equator: Why can't GCMs simulate it? Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1824, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017198
48. Zhang, G. J., and N. A. McFarlane, 1995: Role of convective scale momentum transport in climate simulation. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1417-1426, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD02519