New York Heart Association functional class, QRS duration, and survival in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: implications for cardiac resychronization therapy

European Journal of Heart Failure

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 366-376

  Braunschweig, Frieder ^a,b   Linde, Cecilia ^a,b   Benson, Lina ^c   Ståhlberg, Marcus ^a,b   Dahlström, Ulf ^d   Lund, Lars H ^a,b  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^c STOCKHOLM SÖDER HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^d LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Cardiac resynchronization therapy; Epidemiology; Heart failure; Left bundle branch block; NYHA functional class; QRS width

Indexed keywords

AGED; ARTICLE; CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY; CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY DEVICE; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION; HEART LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK; HUMAN; INFORMED CONSENT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICATION COMPLIANCE; MORTALITY RISK; NEW YORK HEART ASSOCIATION CLASS; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; QRS INTERVAL; SWEDEN; BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; COMPLICATION; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART FAILURE; HEART STROKE VOLUME; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; PROTOCOL COMPLIANCE; REGISTER; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SURVIVAL RATE; UTILIZATION; VERY ELDERLY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GUIDELINE ADHERENCE; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; REGISTRIES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; STROKE VOLUME; SURVIVAL RATE; SWEDEN;

EID: 84977512871     PISSN: 13889842     EISSN: 18790844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.563     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. MacIntyre K, Capewell S, Stewart S, Chalmers JW, Boyd J, Finlayson A, Redpath A, Pell JP, McMurray JJ. Evidence of improving prognosis in heart failure: trends in case fatality in 66 547 patients hospitalized between 1986 and 1995. Circulation 2000;102:1126–1131.
2. Schaufelberger M, Swedberg K, Koster M, Rosen M, Rosengren A. Decreasing one-year mortality and hospitalization rates for heart failure in Sweden; data from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Registry 1988 to 2000. Eur Heart J 2004;25:300–307.
3. Cowie MR, Mosterd A, Wood DA, Deckers JW, Poole-Wilson PA, Sutton GC, Grobbee DE. The epidemiology of heart failure. Eur Heart J 1997;18:208–225.
4. Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, McMurray JJ, Ponikowski P, Poole-Wilson PA, Stromberg A, van Veldhuisen DJ, Atar D, Hoes AW, Keren A, Mebazaa A, Nieminen M, Priori SG, Swedberg K, Vahanian A, Camm J, De Caterina R, Dean V, Dickstein K, Filippatos G, Funck-Brentano C, Hellemans I, Kristensen SD, McGregor K, Sechtem U, Silber S, Tendera M, Widimsky P, Zamorano JL, Tendera M, Auricchio A, Bax J, Bohm M, Corra U, della Bella P, Elliott PM, Follath F, Gheorghiade M, Hasin Y, Hernborg A, Jaarsma T, Komajda M, Kornowski R, Piepoli M, Prendergast B, Tavazzi L, Vachiery JL, Verheugt FW, Zamorano JL, Zannad F. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:933–989.
5. The Criteria Committee of the New York Heart Association. Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels, 9th ed. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.; 1994. p253–256.
6. Raphael C, Briscoe C, Davies J, Ian Whinnett Z, Manisty C, Sutton R, Mayet J, Francis DP. Limitations of the New York Heart Association functional classification system and self-reported walking distances in chronic heart failure. Heart 2007;93:476–482.
7. Adams KF Jr, Zannad F. Clinical definition and epidemiology of advanced heart failure. Am Heart J 1998;135:S204–S215.
8. Goda A, Williams P, Mancini D, Lund LH. Selecting patients for heart transplantation: comparison of the Heart Failure Survival Score (HFSS) and the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM). J Heart Lung Transplant 2011;30:1236–1243.
9. Lund LH, Jurga J, Edner M, Benson L, Dahlstrom U, Linde C, Alehagen U. Prevalence, correlates, and prognostic significance of QRS prolongation in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 2013;34:529–539.
10. Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L, Tavazzi L. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1539–1549.
11. Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T, Carson P, DiCarlo L, DeMets D, White BG, DeVries DW, Feldman AM. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2140–2150.
12. Linde C, Abraham WT, Gold MR, St John Sutton M, Ghio S, Daubert C. Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:1834–1843.
13. Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, Klein H, Brown MW, Daubert JP, Estes NA, 3rd, Foster E, Greenberg H, Higgins SL, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD, Wilber D, Zareba W. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure events. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1329–1338.
14. Tang AS, Wells GA, Talajic M, Arnold MO, Sheldon R, Connolly S, Hohnloser SH, Nichol G, Birnie DH, Sapp JL, Yee R, Healey JS, Rouleau JL, Resynchronization-Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure Trial I. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2385–2395.
15. McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, Bohm M, Dickstein K, Falk V, Filippatos G, Fonseca C, Gomez-Sanchez MA, Jaarsma T, Kober L, Lip GY, Maggioni AP, Parkhomenko A, Pieske BM, Popescu BA, Ronnevik PK, Rutten FH, Schwitter J, Seferovic P, Stepinska J, Trindade PT, Voors AA, Zannad F, Zeiher A, Bax JJ, Baumgartner H, Ceconi C, Dean V, Deaton C, Fagard R, Funck-Brentano C, Hasdai D, Hoes A, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, McDonagh T, Moulin C, Reiner Z, Sechtem U, Sirnes PA, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Vahanian A, Windecker S, Bonet LA, Avraamides P, Ben Lamin HA, Brignole M, Coca A, Cowburn P, Dargie H, Elliott P, Flachskampf FA, Guida GF, Hardman S, Iung B, Merkely B, Mueller C, Nanas JN, Nielsen OW, Orn S, Parissis JT, Ponikowski P. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 2012;14:803–869.
16. Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, Bordachar P, Boriani G, Breithardt OA, Cleland J, Deharo JC, Delgado V, Elliott PM, Gorenek B, Israel CW, Leclercq C, Linde C, Mont L, Padeletti L, Sutton R, Vardas PE, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), Zamorano JL, Achenbach S, Baumgartner H, Bax JJ, Bueno H, Dean V, Deaton C, Erol C, Fagard R, Ferrari R, Hasdai D, Hoes AW, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, Lancellotti P, Linhart A, Nihoyannopoulos P, Piepoli MF, Ponikowski P, Sirnes PA, Tamargo JL, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Wijns W, Windecker S, Document R, Kirchhof P, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Badano LP, Aliyev F, Bansch D, Baumgartner H, Bsata W, Buser P, Charron P, Daubert JC, Dobreanu D, Faerestrand S, Hasdai D, Hoes AW, Le Heuzey JY, Mavrakis H, McDonagh T, Merino JL, Nawar MM, Nielsen JC, Pieske B, Poposka L, Ruschitzka F, Tendera M, Van Gelder IC, Wilson CM. 2013 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the Task Force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Eur Heart J 2013;34:2281–2329.
17. Priori SG, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Mazzanti A, Blom N, Borggrefe M, Camm J, Elliott PM, Fitzsimons D, Hatala R, Hindricks G, Kirchhof P, Kjeldsen K, Kuck KH, Hernandez-Madrid A, Nikolaou N, Norekval TM, Spaulding C, Van Veldhuisen DJ. Authors/Task Force Members; Document Reviewers. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: the Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC). Eur Heart J 2015;36:2793–2867.
18. Sipahi I, Chou JC, Hyden M, Rowland DY, Simon DI, Fang JC. Effect of QRS morphology on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J 2012;163:260–267.
19. Sipahi I, Carrigan TP, Rowland DY, Stambler BS, Fang JC. Impact of QRS duration on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2011;171:1454–1462.
20. Cleland JG, Abraham WT, Linde C, Gold MR, Young JB, Claude Daubert J, Sherfesee L, Wells GA, Tang AS. An individual patient meta-analysis of five randomized trials assessing the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2013;34:3547–3556.
21. Raatikainen MJ, Arnar DO, Zeppenfeld K, Merino JL, Levya F, Hindriks G, Kuck KH. Statistics on the use of cardiac electronic devices and electrophysiological procedures in the European Society of Cardiology countries: 2014 report from the European Heart Rhythm Association. Europace 2015;17 Suppl 1:i1–175.
22. Lund LH, Benson L, Dahlstrom U, Edner M. Association between use of renin–angiotensin system antagonists and mortality in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. JAMA 2012;308:2108–2117.
23. Jonsson A, Edner M, Alehagen U, Dahlstrom U. Heart failure registry: a valuable tool for improving the management of patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2010;12:25–31.
24. Therneau T, Grambsch P. Functional Form and Testing Proportional Hazards. In: Dietz K, Gail M, Krickeberg K, Samet J, Tsiatis A, eds Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2000.
25. Kashani A, Barold SS. Significance of QRS complex duration in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:2183–2192.
26. Stellbrink C, Auricchio A, Diem B, Breithardt OA, Kloss M, Schondube FA, Klein H, Messmer BJ, Hanrath P. Potential benefit of biventricular pacing in patients with congestive heart failure and ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Am J Cardiol 1999;83:143D–150D.
27. Gasparini M, Mantica M, Galimberti P, Marconi M, Genovese L, Faletra F, Simonini S, Klersy C, Coates R, Gronda E. Beneficial effects of biventricular pacing in patients with a ‘narrow’ QRS. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2003;26:169–174.
28. Khan NK, Goode KM, Cleland JG, Rigby AS, Freemantle N, Eastaugh J, Clark AL, de Silva R, Calvert MJ, Swedberg K, Komajda M, Mareev V, Follath F, EuroHeart Failure Survey I. Prevalence of ECG abnormalities in an international survey of patients with suspected or confirmed heart failure at death or discharge. Eur J Heart Fail 2007;9:491–501.
29. Baldasseroni S, Opasich C, Gorini M, Lucci D, Marchionni N, Marini M, Campana C, Perini G, Deorsola A, Masotti G, Tavazzi L, Maggioni AP, Italian Network on Congestive Heart Failure I. Left bundle-branch block is associated with increased 1-year sudden and total mortality rate in 5517 outpatients with congestive heart failure: a report from the Italian network on congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 2002;143:398–405.
30. Clark AL, Goode K, Cleland JG. The prevalence and incidence of left bundle branch block in ambulant patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:696–702.
31. Auricchio A, Fantoni C, Regoli F, Carbucicchio C, Goette A, Geller C, Kloss M, Klein H. Characterization of left ventricular activation in patients with heart failure and left bundle-branch block. Circulation 2004;109:1133–1139.
32. Andersson LG, Wu KC, Wieslander B, Loring Z, Frank TF, Maynard C, Gerstenblith G, Tomaselli GF, Weiss RG, Wagner GS, Ugander M, Strauss DG. Left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony by cardiac magnetic resonance is greater in patients with strict vs nonstrict electrocardiogram criteria for left bundle-branch block. Am Heart J 2013;165:956–963.
33. Cleland J, Freemantle N, Ghio S, Fruhwald F, Shankar A, Marijanowski M, Verboven Y, Tavazzi L. Predicting the long-term effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on mortality from baseline variables and the early response a report from the CARE-HF (Cardiac Resynchronization in Heart Failure) Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:438–445.
34. Xiong Y, Wang L, Liu W, Hankey GJ, Xu B, Wang S. The prognostic significance of right bundle branch block: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Clin Cardiol 2015;38:604–613.
35. Bilchick KC, Kamath S, DiMarco JP, Stukenborg GJ. Bundle-branch block morphology and other predictors of outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy in Medicare patients. Circulation 2010;122:2022–2030.
36. Cazeau S, Leclercq C, Lavergne T, Walker S, Varma C, Linde C, Garrigue S, Kappenberger L, Haywood GA, Santini M, Bailleul C, Daubert JC. Effects of multisite biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure and intraventricular conduction delay. N Engl J Med 2001;344:873–880.
37. Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, Delurgio DB, Leon AR, Loh E, Kocovic DZ, Packer M, Clavell AL, Hayes DL, Ellestad M, Trupp RJ, Underwood J, Pickering F, Truex C, McAtee P, Messenger J. Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1845–1853.
38. Dickstein K, Bogale N, Priori S, Auricchio A, Cleland JG, Gitt A, Limbourg T, Linde C, van Veldhuisen DJ, Brugada J. The European cardiac resynchronization therapy survey. Eur Heart J 2009;30:2450–2460.
39. Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, Klein HU, Cannom DS, Brown MW, Dan A, Daubert JP, Estes NA, 3rd, Foster E, Greenberg H, Kautzner J, Klempfner R, Kuniss M, Merkely B, Pfeffer MA, Quesada A, Viskin S, McNitt S, Polonsky B, Ghanem A, Solomon SD, Wilber D, Zareba W, Moss AJ. Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1694–1701.
40. Linde C, Gold MR, Abraham WT, St John Sutton M, Ghio S, Cerkvenik J, Daubert C, Group RErRiSlvdS. Long-term impact of cardiac resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure: 5-year results from the REsynchronization reVErses Remodeling in Systolic left vEntricular dysfunction (REVERSE) study. Eur Heart J 2013;34:2592–2599.