Cultural roots of well-being and resilience in child mental health

Handbook of Child Well-Being: Theories, Methods and Policies in Global Perspective

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 2379-2407

  Ruiz Casares, Mónica ^a   Guzder, Jaswant ^a,b   Rousseau, Cécile ^a   Kirmayer, Laurence J ^a,b  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84977189829     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8_93     Document Type: Chapter

References (126)

1. Adelson, N. (2000). ‘Being alive well’: Health and the politics of cree well-being. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
2. Akhtar, S. (1995). A third individuation: Immigration, identity, and the psychoanalytic process. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 43(4), 1051-1084. doi:10.1177/000306519504300406.
3. Averdijk, M., Malti, T., Eisner, M., & Ribeaud, D. (2012). Parental separation and child aggressive and internalizing behavior: An event history calendar analysis. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 43(2), 184-200. doi:10.1007/s10578-011-0259-9.
4. Barton, W. H. (2005). Methodological challenges in the study of resilience. In M. Ungar (Ed.), Handbook for working with children and youth (pp. 135-148). Thousand Oaks/London/New Delhi: Sage.
5. Bauman, Z. (2001). Community: Seeking safety in an insecure world. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
6. Bell, C. C. (2001). Cultivating resiliency in youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 29(5), 375-381. doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00306-8.
7. Berg, C. A., Meegan, S. P., & Deviney, F. P. (1998). A social-contextual model of coping with everyday problems across the lifespan. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22, 239-261.
8. Betancourt, T. S., Brennan, R. T., Rubin-Smith, J., Fitzmaurice, G. M., & Gilman, S. E. (2010). Sierra Leone’s former child soldiers: A longitudinal study of risk, protective factors, and mental health. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(6), 606-615. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.03.008.
9. Betancourt, T. S., Meyers-Ohki, S., Stulac, S. N., Elizabeth Barrera, A., Mushashi, C., & Beardslee, W. R. (2011). Nothing can defeat combined hands (Abashize hamwe ntakibananira): Protective processes and resilience in Rwandan children and families affected by HIV/AIDS. Social Science & Medicine, 73(5), 693-701. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.053.
10. Betancourt, T. S., Salhi, C., Buka, S., Leaning, J., Dunn, G., & Earls, F. (2012). Connectedness, social support and internalising emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents displaced by the Chechen conflict. Disasters. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2012.01280.x.
11. Bjarnason, T., Bendtsen, P., Arnarsson, A. M., Borup, I., Iannotti, R. J., Lofstedt, P., & Niclasen, B. (2012). Life satisfaction among children in different family structures: A comparative study of 36 western societies. Children & Society, 26(1), 51-62. doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2010.00324.x.
12. Blackstock, C., & Trocme, N. (2005). Community based child welfare for Aboriginal children: Supporting resilience through structural change. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand, 24, 12-33.
13. Bonanno, G. A. (2005). Resilience in the face of potential trauma. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(3), 135-138.
14. Bonanno, G. A. (2012). Uses and abuses of the resilience construct: Loss, trauma, and health-related adversities. Social Science & Medicine, 74(5), 753-756. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.022.
15. Bradshaw, J., Keung, A., Rees, G., & Goswami, H. (2011). Children’s subjective well-being: International comparative perspectives. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(4), 548-556.
16. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
17. Carlton, B. S., Goebert, D. A., Miyamoto, R. H., Andrade, N. N., Hishinuma, E. S., Makini, G. K., Jr., et al. (2006). Resilience, family adversity and well-being among Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian adolescents. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52(4), 291-308.
18. Casas, F. (2011). Subjective social indicators and child and adolescent well-being. Child Indicators Research, 4(4), 555-575. doi:10.1007/s12187-010-9093-z.
19. Chandler, M. J., & Lalonde, C. E. (2008). Cultural continuity as a moderator of suicide risk among Canada’s First Nations. In L. J. Kirmayer & G. G. Valaskakis (Eds.), Healing traditions: The mental health of aboriginal peoples in Canada (pp. 221-248). Vancouver: University of British Columbia.
20. Chen, K.-H., Wu, C.-H., & Yao, G. (2006). Applicability of the WHOQOL-BREF on early adolescence. Social Indicators Research, 79(2), 215-234. doi:10.1007/s11205-005-0211-0.
21. Christopher, J. C. (1999). Situating psychological well-being: Exploring the cultural roots of its theory and research. Journal of Counseling and Development, 77(2), 141-152. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1999.tb02434.x.
22. Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Harding Thomsen, A., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: Problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 87-127.
23. Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (2000). Culture and subjective well-being. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
24. DuMont, K., Ehrhard-Dietzel, S., & Kirkland, K. (2012). Averting child maltreatment: Individual, economic, social and community resources that promote resilient parenting. In M. Ungar (Ed.), The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct (pp. 199-217). New York: Springer.
25. Eggerman, M., & Panter-Brick, C. (2010). Suffering, hope, and entrapment: Resilience and cultural values in Afghanistan. Social Science & Medicine, 71(1), 71-83. doi:10.1016/j. socscimed.2010.03.023.
26. Essau, C. A., & Dobson, K. S. (1999). Epidemiology of depressive disorders. In C. A. Essau & F. Petermann (Eds.), Depressive disorders in children and adolescents: Epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment (pp. 69-103). New Jersey: Jason Aronson.
27. Fazel, M., Reed, R. V., Panter-Brick, C., & Stein, A. (2012). Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: Risk and protective factors. The Lancet, 379(9812), 266-282.
28. Fleming, J., & Ledogar, R. (2008). Resilience, an evolving concept: A review of literature relevant to aboriginal research. Pimatisiwin, 6(2), 7-24.
29. Foxen, P. (2002). K'iche'Maya in a re-imagined world: transnational perspectives on identity. Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
30. Garmezy, N. (1976). Vulnerable and invulnerable children: Theory, research and intervention. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association (No. 1337).
31. Garmezy, N. (1991). Resiliency and vulnerability to adverse developmental outcomes associated with poverty. American Behavioural Scientist, 34(4), 416-430.
32. Gilman, R., & Huebner, E. (2006). Characteristics of adolescents who report very high life satisfaction. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(3), 293-301. doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9036-7.
33. Goodman, A., Patel, V., & Leon, D. (2008). Child mental health differences amongst ethnic groups in Britain: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 8(1), 1-11. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-258.
34. Gottlieb, B. H., & Sylvestre, J. C. (1994). Social support in the relationships between older adolescents and adults. In F. Nestmann & K. Hurrelmann (Eds.), Social networks and social support in childhood and adolescence (Vol. 227, pp. 53-73). New York: Walter de Gruyter.
35. Hakim-Larson, J., & Essau, C. (1999). Protective factors and depressive disorders. In C. A. E. F. Petermann (Ed.), Depressive disorders in children and adolescents: Epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment. New Jersey: Jason Aronson.
36. Hallett, D., Chandler, M. J., & Lalonde, C. E. (2007). Aboriginal language knowledge and youth suicide. Cognitive Development, 22, 393-399.
37. Hariri, A. R., & Weinberger, D. R. (2003). Imaging genomics. British Medical Bulletin, 65(1), 259-270. doi:10.1093/bmb/65.1.259.
38. Hobfoll, S. E., Watson, P., Bell, C. C., Bryant, R. A., Brymer, M. J., Friedman, M. J., Friedman, M., Gersons, B. P., de Jong, J. T., Layne, C. M., Maguen, S., Neria, Y., Norwood, A. E., Pynoos, R. S., Reissman, D., Ruzek, J. I., Shalev, A. Y., Solomon, Z., Steinberg, A. M., & Ursano, R. J. (2007). Five essential elements of immediate and mid-term mass trauma intervention: Empirical evidence. Psychiatry, 70(4), 283-315; discussion 316-369.
39. Howard, K., Martin, A., Berlin, L. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2011). Early mother-child separation, parenting, and child well-being in early head start families. Attachment & Human Development, 13(1), 5-26. doi:10.1080/14616734.2010.488119.
40. Huebner, E. S. (2004). Research on assessment of life satisfaction of children and adolescents. Social Indicators Research, 66(1/2), 3-33.
41. Jaycox, L. H., Stein, B. D., Kataoka, S. H., Wong, M., Fink, A., Escudero, P. I. A., & Zaragoza, C. (2002). Violence exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depressive symptoms among recent immigrant schoolchildren. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(9), 1104-1110. doi:10.1097/00004583-200209000-00011.
42. Jewkes, R., & Murcott, A. (1996). Meanings of community. Social Science and Medicine, 43(4), 555-563.
43. Jirojanakul, P., & Skevington, S. (2000). Developing a quality of life measure for children aged 5-8 years. British Journal of Health Psychology, 5(3), 299-321. doi:10.1348/135910700168937.
44. Jirojanakul, P., Skevington, S., & Hudson, J. (2003). Predicting young children’s quality of life. Social Science & Medicine, 57(7), 1277-1288.
45. Kasser, T. (2002). The high price of materialism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
46. Kasser, T., & Kanner, A. D. (2004). Psychology and consumer culture: The struggle for a good life in a materialistic world (1st ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
47. Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 410-422. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.410.
48. Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207-222.
49. Keyes, C. L. M. (2006). Mental health in adolescence: Is America’s youth flourishing? The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(3), 395-402. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.395.
50. Keyes, C. L. M. (2007). Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health. The American Psychologist, 62(2), 95-108.
51. Kirmayer, L. J. (2009). Sociocultural dimensions of wellbeing. Paper presented at the Conference on Well-Being and the Person, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York.
52. Kirmayer, L. J., Dandeneau, S., Marshall, E., Phillips, M. K., & Williamson, K. J. (2011). Rethinking resilience from indigenous perspectives. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(2), 84-91.
53. Kirmayer, L. J., Fletcher, C., & Watt, R. (2008). Locating the ecocentric self: Inuit concepts of mental health and illness. In L. J. Kirmayer & G. Valaskakis (Eds.), Healing traditions: The mental health of aboriginal peoples in Canada (pp. 289-314). Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
54. Kirmayer, L. J., Sehdev, M., Whitley, R., Dandeneau, S., & Isaac, C. (2009). Community resilience: Models, metaphors and measures. Journal of Aboriginal Health, 5, 62-117.
55. Konner, M. (2007). Trauma, adaptation, and resilience: A cross- cultural and evolutionary perspective. In L. J. Kirmayer, R. Lemelson, & M. Barad (Eds.), Understanding trauma: Biological, psychological and cultural perspectives (pp. 300-338). New York: Cambridge University Press.
56. Kral, M., Idlout, L., Minore, J., Dyck, R., & Kirmayer, L. (2011). Unikkaartuit: Meanings of well-being, unhappiness, health, and community change among Inuit in Nunavut, Canada. American Journal of Community Psychology, 48(3-4), 426-438.
57. Lafrance, J., Bodor, R., & Bastien, B. (2008). Synchronicity or serendipity? Aboriginal wisdom and childhood resilience. In L. Liebenbert & M. Ungar (Eds.), Resilience in action. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
58. Le Clézio, J. M. G. (1976). Les prophéties du Chilam Balam (Vol. 141). Paris: Gallimard.
59. Leung, C., Pe-Pua, R., & Karnilowicz, W. (2006). Psychological adaptation and autonomy among adolescents in Australia: A comparison of Anglo-Celtic and three Asian groups. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(1), 99-118. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.09.002.
60. Liu, Z., Li, X., & Ge, X. (2009). Left too early: The effects of age at separation from parents on Chinese rural children’s symptoms of anxiety and depression. American Journal of Public Health, 99(11), 2049-2054. doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.150474.
61. Luthar S. S. (Ed.) (2003). Resilience and vulnerability. Adaptation in the context of childhood adversities. New York: Cambridge University Press.
62. Luthar, S. S. (2006). Resilience in development: A synthesis of research across five decades. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychology (Risk, disorder, and adaptation 2nd ed., Vol. 3). New Jersey: Wiley.
63. Machel, G., United Nations General Assembly, UNICEF, United Nations Centre for Human Rights. (1996). Impact of armed conflict on children. New York: United Nations.
64. MacMillan, H. L., Wathen, C. N., Barlow, J., Fergusson, D. M., Leventhal, J. M., & Taussig, H. N. (2009). Interventions to prevent child maltreatment and associated impairment. The Lancet, 373(9659), 250-266.
65. MacQueen, K. M., McLellan, E., Metzger, D. S., Kegeles, S., Strauss, R. P., Scotti, R., & Trotter, R. T. (2001). What is community? An evidence-based definition for participatory public health. American Journal of Public Health, 91(12), 1929-1938. doi:10.2105/ajph.91.12.1929.
66. Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. The American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-238.
67. Masten, A. S., & Coatsworth, J. D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children. The American Psychologist, 53(2), 205-220. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.2.205.
68. Masten, A. S., & Powell, J. L. (2003). A resiliency framework for research, policy and practice. In S. Luthar (Ed.), Resiliency and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversity (pp. 1-29). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
69. McCormick, R. (2008). Aboriginal approaches to counselling. In L. J. Kirmayer & G. Valaskakis (Eds.), Healing traditions: The mental health of aboriginal peoples in Canada (pp. 337-355). Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
70. McCubbin, L. D., & McCubbin, H. I. (2005). Culture and ethnic identity in family resilience: Dynamic processes in trauma and transformation of Indigenous people. In M. Ungar (Ed.), Handbook for working with children and youth (pp. 27-44). Thousand Oaks/London/New Delhi: Sage.
71. McKay, S., & Prokop, S. (2007). Identity, community, resilience: The transmission of values project. In F. C. I. Brown, D. Fuchs, J. Lafrance, S. McKay, & S. Prokop (Eds.), Putting a human face on child welfare: Voices from the prairies (pp. 25-27). Regina: Prairie Child Welfare Consortium.
72. Murray, K., & Zautra, A. (2012). Community resilience: Fostering recovery, sustainability, and growth. In M. Ungar (Ed.), The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct (pp. 337-345). New York: Springer.
73. Panter-Brick, C., & Eggerman, M. (2012). Understanding culture, resilience, and mental health: The production of hope. In M. Ungar (Ed.), The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct (pp. 369-386). New York: Springer.
74. Papadopoulos, R. (2007). Refugees, trauma and adversity-activated development. European Journal of Psychotherapy, Counselling & Health, 9(3), 301-312. doi:10.1080/13642530701496930.
75. Park, N., & Huebner, E. S. (2005). A cross-cultural study of the levels and correlates of life satisfaction among adolescents. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 444-456. doi:10.1177/0022022105275961.
76. Patterson, J. M. (2002). Understanding family resilience. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 233-246.
77. Pillai, A., Patel, V., Cardozo, P., Goodman, R., Weiss, H. A., & Andrew, G. (2008). Non-traditional lifestyles and prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents in Goa, India. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(1), 45-51. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.034223.
78. Powdthavee, N., & Vignoles, A. (2008). Mental health of parents and life satisfaction of children: A within-family analysis of intergenerational transmission of well-being. Department of Economics, University of New York, New York.
79. Proctor, C., Linley, P. A., & Maltby, J. (2009). Youth life satisfaction: A review of the literature. J Happiness Studies, 10, 583-630.
80. Proctor, C., Linley, P., & Maltby, J. (2010). Very happy youths: Benefits of very high life satisfaction among adolescents. Social Indicators Research, 98(3), 519-532. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9562-2.
81. Rajmil, L., Roizen, M., Psy, A. U., Hidalgo-Rasmussen, C., Fernandez, G., & Dapueto, J. J. (2012). Health-related quality of life measurement in children and adolescents in ibero-american countries, 2000 to 2010. Value in Health, 15(2), 312-322. doi:10.1016/j.jval.2011.11.028.
82. Reed, R. V., Fazel, M., Jones, L., Panter-Brick, C., & Stein, A. (2012). Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in low-income and middle-income countries: Risk and protective factors. The Lancet, 379(9812), 250-265.
83. Reynolds, W. R., Quevillon, R. P., Boyd, B., & Mackey, D. (2006). Initial development of a cultural values and beliefs scale among Dakota/Nakota/Lakota People: A pilot study. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 13(3), 70-93.
84. Richardson, G. E. (2002). The metatheory of resilience and resiliency. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 307-321.
85. Riley, J. R, & Masten, A. S. (2005). Resilience in context. In: R.D. Peters, B. J. Ross Leadbeater, & R. J. McMahon (Eds.), Resilience in children, families, and communities: Linking context to practice and policy (pp. 13-25). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
86. Rousseau, C., de la Aldea, E., Rojas, M. V., & Foxen, P. (2005). After the NGO’s departure: Changing memory strategies of young Mayan refugees who returned to Guatemala as a community. Anthropology & Medicine, 12(1), 1-19.
87. Rousseau, C., & Drapeau, A. (2004). Premigration exposure to political violence among independent immigrants and its association with emotional distress. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192(12), 852-856.
88. Rousseau, C., & Measham, T. (2007). Posttraumatic suffering as a source of transformation: A clinical perspective. In L. J. Kirmayer, R. Lemelson, & M. Barad (Eds.), Understanding trauma: Integrating biological, clinical and cultural perspectives (pp. 275-294). New York: Cambridge University Press.
89. Rousseau, C., Morales, M., & Foxen, P. (2001). Going home: Giving voice to memory strategies of young Mayan refugees who returned to Guatemala as a community. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 25(2), 135-168.
90. Rousseau, C., Said, T. M., Gagne, M. J., & Bibeau, G. (1998a). Resilience in unaccompanied minors from the north of Somalia. Psychoanalytic Review, 85(4), 615-637.
91. Rousseau, C., Said, T. M., Gagne, M. J., & Bibeau, G. (1998b). Between myth and madness: The premigration dream of leaving among young Somali refugees. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 22(4), 385-411.
92. Ruiz-Casares, M. (2006). Strengthening the capacity of child-headed households in Namibia to meet their own needs: A social networks approach. (Ph.D.), Cornell University, Ithaca.
93. Rutter, M. (1985). Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 598-611.
94. Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57(3), 316-331.
95. Rutter, M. (2010). The cutting edge. Gene-environment interplay. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 1-4.
96. Rutter, M. (2012). Resilience: Causal pathways and social ecology. In M. Ungar (Ed.), The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct (pp. 33-42). New York: Springer.
97. Rutter, M., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2006). Gene-environment interplay and psychopathology: Multiple varieties but real effects. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3-4), 226-261. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01557.x.
98. Schoon, I. (2012). Temporal and contextual dimensions to individual positive development: A developmental-contextual systems model of resilience. In M. Ungar (Ed.), The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct (pp. 143-156). New York: Springer.
99. Scott, N. W., Fayers, P. M., Aaronson, N. K., Bottomley, A., de Graeff, A., Groenvold, M., & Sprangers, M. A. G. (2008). The relationship between overall quality of life and its subdimensions was influenced by culture: Analysis of an international database. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 61(8), 788-795. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.08.015.
100. Shek, D. T. L. (2005). A longitudinal study of Chinese cultural beliefs about adversity, psychological well-being, delinquency and substance abuse in Chinese adolescents with economic disadvantage. Social Indicators Research, 71(1/3), 385-409.
101. Skevington, S., Sartorius, N., & Amir, M. (2004). Developing methods for assessing quality of life in different cultural settings. The history of the WHOQOL instruments. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39(1), 1-8.
102. Solans, M., Pane, S., Estrada, M., Serra-Sutton, V., Berra, S., Herdman, M., & Rajmil, L. (2008). Health-related quality of life measurement in children and adolescents: A systematic review of generic and disease-specific instruments. Value in Health, 11(4), 742-764.
103. Steinhauer, P. D. (1991). The least detrimental alternative: A systematic guide to case planning and decision making for children in care. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
104. Stice, E., Ragan, J., & Randall, P. (2004). Prospective relations between social support and depression: Differential direction of effects for parent and peer support? Journal ofAbnormal Psychology, 113, 155-159.
105. Strand, J. A., & Peacock, R. (2003). Resource guide: Cultural resilience. Tribal College Journal, 14(4), 28-31.
106. Supkoff, L. M., Puig, J., & Sroufe, L. A. (2012). Situating resilience in developmental context. In M. Ungar (Ed.), The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct (pp. 127-142). New York: Springer.
107. Terr, L. C. (1983). Chowchilla revisited: The effects of psychic trauma four years after a schoolbus kidnapping. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 140(12), 1543-1550.
108. Tiessen, M., Taylor, D. M., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2010). A key individual-to-community link: The impact of perceived collective control on Aboriginal youth well-being. Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Indigenous and Aboriginal Community Health, 7(2), 241-267.
109. Toppelberg, C. O., & Collins, B. A. (2010). Language, culture, and adaptation in immigrant children. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 19(4), 697-717.
110. Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview.
111. Ungar, M. (2011). The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81(1), 1-17. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01067.x.
112. Ungar, M. (2012). Social ecologies and their contributions to resilience. In M. Ungar (Ed.), The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct (pp. 13-31). New York: Springer.
113. Ungar, M., Brown, M., Liebenberg, L., Othman, R., Kwong, W. M., Armstrong, M., & Gilgun, J. (2007). Unique pathways to resilience across cultures. Adolescence, 42(166), 287-310.
114. Ungar, M., Dumond, C., & Mcdonald, W. (2005). Risk, resilience and outdoor programmes for at-risk children. Journal of Social Work, 5(3), 319-338. doi:10.1177/1468017305058938.
115. Valois, R. F., Zullig, K. J., Huebner, E. S., & Drane, J. W. (2004). Life satisfaction and suicide among high school adolescents. Social Indicators Research, 66(1/2), 81-105.
116. Vassar, M., & Hale, W. (2007). Reliability reporting practices in youth life satisfaction research. Social Indicators Research, 83(3), 487-496. doi:10.1007/s11205-006-9074-2.
117. Veling, W., Hoek, H. W., Selten, J.-P., & Susser, E. (2011). Age at migration and future risk of psychotic disorders among immigrants in the Netherlands: A 7-year incidence study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(12), 1278-1285. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11010110.
118. Wachs, T. D. (1999). The nature and nurture of child development. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 20 (1), 7-22.
119. Walsh, F. (2006). Strengthening family resilience (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
120. Walsh, F. (2012). Facilitating family resilience: Relational resources for positive youth development in conditions of adversity. In M. Ungar (Ed.), The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct (pp. 173-185). New York: Springer.
121. Wexler, L. M., DiFluvio, G., & Burke, T. K. (2009). Resilience and marginalized youth: Making a case for personal and collective meaning-making as part of resilience research in public health. Social Science & Medicine, 69(4), 565-570. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.06.022.
122. WHO (2011, April 7, 2012). Mental health: A state of well-being. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/index.html.
123. WHOQOL SRPB Group. (2006). A cross-cultural study of spirituality, religion, and personal beliefs as components of quality of life. Social Science & Medicine, 62(6), 1486-1497.
124. Wills, E. (2009). Spirituality and subjective well-being: Evidences for a new domain in the personal well-being index. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(1), 49-69. doi:10.1007/s10902-007-9061-6.
125. Wirtz, D., Chiu, C.-Y., Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2009). What constitutes a good life? Cultural differences in the role of positive and negative affect in subjective well-being. Journal of Personality, 77(4), 1167-1196. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00578.x.
126. Zullig, K. J., Valois, R. F., Huebner, E. S., & Drane, J. W. (2005). Adolescent health-related quality of life and perceived satisfaction with life. Quality of Life Research, 14(6), 1573-1584. doi:10.1007/s11136-004-7707-y.