The Rise of Black and Gray Markets

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

Volumn 535, Issue 1, 1994, Pages 175-189

  Karp, Aaron ^a  

^a OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84976969576     PISSN: 00027162     EISSN: 15523349     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0002716294535001014     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Andrew J. Pierre, The Global Politics of Arms Sales (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982), p. 3.
2. Two exceptions to this oversight are Michael T. Klare, “The Thriving Black Market for Weapons,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (Apr. 1988); Edward J. Laurance, “Political Implications of Illegal Arms Exports from the United States,” Political Science Quarterly (Fall 1992).
3. Report of the Temporary Mixed Commission on Armaments, A/81/1921 (Geneva: League of Nations, 1921).
4. For example, Fenner Brockway, The Bloody Traffic (London: Victor Gollancz, 1933), chaps. 5-7.
5. H. C. Englebrecht and F. C. Haninghen, The Merchants of Death (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1934), chaps. 9-11.
6. Michael Mastanduno, “Trade as a Strategic Weapon: American and Allied Export Control Policy in the Early Postwar Period,” International Organization, pp. 121-150 (Winter 1988).
7. The need to control turnkey or critical technology was the main theme of the Bucy Report, officially known as the Defense Science Board Task Force on Export of U.S. Technology, An Analysis of Export Control of U.S. Technology: A DoD Perspective (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1976), p. 24.
8. Donald A. MacKenzie, Inventing Accuracy: A Historical Sociology of Nuclear Missile Guidance (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990), pp. 326-327.
9. Soviet Acquisition of Military Significant Western Technology: An Update (Washington, DC: Department of Defense, Sept. 1985). Signe Landgren, Embargo Disimplemented: South Africa’s Military Industry (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989).
10. The BCCI Affair: A Report to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1992).
11. Philip Shenon, “Thai Conduit Reopens for Flow of Illicit Arms,” International Herald Tribune, 8 Feb. 1992, p. 5.
12. The deals were revealed in Stuart Diamond and Ralph Blumenthal, “Huge Illegal Deal on Arms Was Known to U.S.,” New York Times, 2 Feb. 1987, based on reporting by Kenneth R. Timmerman. A unique source is the memoir of a participant; see Hermann Moll with Michael Leapman, Broker of Death: An Insider’s Story of the Iranian Arms Deal (London: Macmillan, 1988).
13. Michael Isikoff, “200 Million and Counting: U.S. Firearms Surge a Sharp 42%,” International Herald Tribune, 25-26 May 1991.
14. Larry Rohter, “In the Shady World of Illegal Arms, Miami Is Hot,” International Herald Tribune, 12 Aug. 1991, p. 3.
15. Celestine Bohlen, “Now It’s the Turn of Russian Society to Tumble Down,” International Herald Tribune, 31 Aug. 1992, p. 1.
16. Such a scenario seemed more likely in the late 1980s.
17. Tom Marks, “Making Revolution with Shining Path,” in Shining Path of Peru, ed. David Scott Palmer (London: Hurst, 1992), p. 200.
18. Peter Dale Scott and Jonathan Marshall, Cocaine Politics: Drugs, Armies and the CIA in Central America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
19. U.S., Congress, Senate, Committee on Governmental Affairs, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Arms Trafficking, Mercenaries, and Drug Cartels: Hearing, 102d Cong., 2d sess., 27-28 Feb. 1991, pp. 57-148; Louis Bloom-Cooper, Guns for Antigua: Report of the Commission of Inquiry (London: Duckworth, 1990).
20. All examples are from Edward C. Ezell, testimony in Arms Trafficking, Mercenaries, and Drug Cartels: Hearing, pp. 103-116.
21. Klare, “Thriving Black Market for Weapons”; Laurance, “Political Implications of Illegal Arms Exports.”