Good year, bad year: Changing strategies, changing networks? A two-year study on seed acquisition in northern Cameroon

Ecology and Society

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2016, Pages

  Violon, Chloé ^a,b   Thomas, Mathieu ^c,d,e   Garine, Eric ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS OUEST NANTERRE LA DÉFENSE   (France)

^b Laboratoire d Ethnologie et de Sociologie Comparative   (France)

^c INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique   (France)

^d CENTRE D ECOLOGIE FONCTIONNELLE ET EVOLUTIVE   (France)

^e Domain du Petit Arbois   (France)

Author keywords

Agrobiodiversity; Climate variability; Gender; Kinship relationships; Longitudinal network analysis; Seed exchange networks

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CLIMATE VARIATION; CROPPING PRACTICE; GENDER; KINSHIP; NETWORK ANALYSIS; SEED; SMALLHOLDER; SOCIAL NETWORK;

CAMEROON;

PENNISETUM GLAUCUM;

EID: 84976530104     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17083087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5751/ES-08376-210234     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Abay, F., W. de Boef, and Å. Bjørnstad. 2011. Network analysis of barley seed flows in Tigray, Ethiopia: supporting the design of strategies that contribute to on-farm management of plant genetic resources. Plant Genetic Resources 9(4):495-505. http://dx.doi. org/10.1017/s1479262111000773
2. Alvarez, N., E. Garine, C. Khasah, E. Dounias, M. Hossaert-McKey, and D. McKey. 2005. Farmers’ practices, metapopulation dynamics, and conservation of agricultural biodiversity on-farm: a case study of sorghum among the Duupa in sub-Sahelian Cameroon. Biological Conservation 121(4):533-543. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.05.021
3. Atran, S., D. Medin, N. Ross, E. Lynch, V. Vapnarsky, E. Ucan Ek’, J. Coley, C. Timura, and M. Baran. 2002. Folkecology, cultural epidemiology, and the spirits of the commons: a garden experiment in the Maya lowlands, 1991-2001. Current Anthropology 43(3):421-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/339528
4. Badstue, L. B., M. R. Bellon, J. Berthaud, X. Juárez, I. M. Rosas, A. M. Solano, and A. Ramírez. 2006. Examining the role of collective action in an informal seed system: a case study from the central valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. Human Ecology 34(2):249-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-006-9016-2
5. Bellon, M. R., D. Hodson, and J. Hellin. 2011. Assessing the vulnerability of traditional maize seed systems in Mexico to climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108(33):13432-13437. http://dx. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103373108
6. Calvet-Mir, L., M. Calvet-Mir, J. Luis Molina, and V. Reyes-García. 2012. Seed exchange as an agrobiodiversity conservation mechanism. A case study in Vall Fosca, Catalan Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula. Ecology and Society 17(1):29. http://dx.doi. org/10.5751/ES-04682-170129
7. Coomes, O. T, S. McGuire, E. Garine, S. Caillon, D. McKey, E. Demeulenaere, D. Jarvis, G. Aistara, A. Barnaud, P. Clouvel, L. Emperaire, S. Louafi, P. Martin, F. Massol, M. Pautasso, C. Violon, and J. Wencélius. 2015. Farmer seed networks make a limited contribution to agriculture? Four common misconceptions. Food Policy 56:41-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.07.008
8. Crane, T. A., C. Roncoli, and G. Hoogenboom. 2011. Adaptation to climate change and climate variability: the importance of understanding agriculture as performance. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 57(3-4):179-185. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.njas.2010.11.002
9. Csardi, G., and T. Nepusz. 2006. The igraph software package for complex network research. InterJournal Complex Systems 1695 (5):1-9. [online] URL: http://www.necsi.edu/events/iccs6/papers/ c1602a3c126ba822d0bc4293371c.pdf
10. Delêtre, M., D. B. McKey, and T. R. Hodkinson. 2011. Marriage exchanges, seed exchanges, and the dynamics of manioc diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108(45):18249-18254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.1106259108
11. Dray, S., and A.-B. Dufour. 2007. The ade4 package: implementing the duality diagram for ecologists. Journal of Statistical Software 22(4):1-20. [online] URL: http://pbil.univlyon1. fr/ade4/article/jss/jss.pdf
12. Duru, M., O. Therond, G. Martin, R. Martin-Clouaire, M.-A. Magne, E. Justes, E.-P. Journet, J.-N. Aubertot, S. Savary, J.-E. Bergez, and J.-P. Sarthou. 2015. How to implement biodiversitybased agriculture to enhance ecosystem services: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 35(4):1259-1281.http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0306-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s13593-015-0306-1
13. Eldin, M., and P. Milleville, editors. 1989. Le risque en agriculture. ORSTOM, Paris, France. [online] URL: http://horizon. documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers07/27222.pdf
14. Ember, C. R. 2013. Introduction to "coping with environmental risk and uncertainty: individual and cultural responses." Human Nature 24(1):1-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-013-9161-4
15. Fischer, J., D. B. Lindenmayer, and A. D. Manning. 2006. Biodiversity, ecosystem function, and resilience: ten guiding principles for commodity production landscapes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 4(2):80-86. http://dx.doi. org/10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0080:BEFART]2.0.CO;2
16. Garine, E., A. Luxereau, J. Wencélius, C. Violon, T. Robert, A. Barnaud, S. Caillon, and C. Raimond. 2013. De qui les variétés traditionnelles de plantes cultivées pourraient-elles être le patrimoine? Réflexions depuis le bassin du lac Tchad. Pages 379-409 in D. Juhé-Beaulaton, M.-C. Cormier-Salem, P. D. Robert, and B. Roussel, editors. Effervescence patrimoniale au Sud: entre nature et société. IRD, Marseille, France.
17. Glamann, J., J. Hanspach, D. J. Abson, N. Collier, and J. Fischer. 2015. The intersection of food security and biodiversity conservation: a review. Regional Environmental Change:1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0873-3
18. Granovetter, M. S. 1983. The strength of weak ties: a network theory revisited. Sociological Theory 1(6):201-233. http://dx.doi. org/10.2307/202051
19. Isaac, M. E., B. H. Erickson, S. Quashie-Sam, and V. R. Timmer. 2007. Transfer of knowledge on agroforestry management practices: the structure of farmer advice networks. Ecology and Society 12(2):32. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety. org/vol12/iss2/art32/
20. Kawa, N. C., C. McCarty, and C. R. Clement. 2013. Manioc varietal diversity, social networks, and distribution constraints in rural Amazonia. Current Anthropology 54(6):764-770. http://dx. doi.org/10.1086/673528
21. Kolyang, T. 2010. Parlons tpuri: [Cameroun et Tchad]. Harmattan, Paris, France.
22. Labeyrie, V. 2013. L’organisation sociale des plantes cultivées. Influence des échanges, représentations et pratiques sur la diversité du sorgho (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) chez les peuples du mont Kenya. Dissertation. Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
23. Leclerc, C., and G. Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge. 2012. Social organization of crop genetic diversity. The G × E × S interaction model. Diversity 4(1):1-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d4010001
24. Louette, D., A. Charrier, and J. Berthaud. 1997. In situ conservation of maize in Mexico: genetic diversity and maize seed management in a traditional community. Economic Botany 51 (1):20-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02910401
25. McGuire, S. J. 2008. Securing access to seed: social relations and sorghum seed exchange in eastern Ethiopia. Human Ecology 36 (2):217-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-007-9143-4
26. McGuire, S., and L. Sperling. 2013. Making seed systems more resilient to stress. Global Environmental Change 23(3):644-653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.02.001
27. Mortimore, M. J., and W. M. Adams. 2001. Farmer adaptation, change and ’crisis’ in the Sahel. Global Environmental Change 11 (1):49-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(00)00044-3
28. Nielsen, J. Ø., and A. Reenberg. 2010. Temporality and the problem with singling out climate as a current driver of change in a small West African village. Journal of Arid Environments 74 (4):464-474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.09.019
29. Pautasso, M., G. Aistara, A. Barnaud, S. Caillon, P. Clouvel, O. T. Coomes, M. Delêtre, E. Demeulenaere, P. de Santis, T. Döring, L. Eloy, L. Emperaire, E. Garine, I. Goldringer, D. Jarvis, H. I. Joly, C. Leclerc, S. Louafi, P. Martin, F. Massol, S. McGuire, D. McKey, C. Padoch, C. Soler, M. Thomas, and S. Tramontini. 2013. Seed exchange networks for agrobiodiversity conservation. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 33(1):151-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0089-6
30. Poudel, D., B. Sthapit, and P. Shrestha. 2015. An analysis of social seed network and its contribution to on-farm conservation of crop genetic diversity in Nepal. International Journal of Biodiversity 2015:312621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/312621
31. R Development Core Core Team. 2014. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. [online] URL: http://www.Rproject. org/
32. Raimond, C. 1999. Terres inondées et sorgho repiqué: évolution des espaces agricoles et pastoraux dans le bassin du lac Tchad. Dissertation. Université Paris 1: Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France.
33. Reyes-García, V., J. L. Molina, L. Calvet-Mir, L. Aceituno-Mata, J. J. Lastra, R. Ontillera, M. Parada, M. Pardo-de-Santayana, M. Rigat, J. Vallès, and T. Garnatje. 2013. "Tertius gaudens": germplasm exchange networks and agroecological knowledge among home gardeners in the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 9(1):53-62. http://dx.doi. org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-53
34. Roncoli, C. 2006. Ethnographic and participatory approaches to research on farmers’ responses to climate predictions. Climate Research 33(1):81-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr033081
35. Ruelland, S. 1983. Dis-moi, qui sont tes fils? Analyse sémantique de la parenté et de l’alliance tupuri. Pages 89-108 in Théories et pratiques linguistiques. Société pour l’Information Grammaticale, Paris, France.
36. Samberg, L. H., C. Shennan, and E. Zavaleta. 2013. Farmer seed exchange and crop diversity in a changing agricultural landscape in the Southern Highlands of Ethiopia. Human Ecology 41 (3):477-485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-013-9579-7
37. Seignobos, C. 2000. Sorghos et civilisations agraires. Planche 14 in C. Seignobos and O. Iyébi-Mandjek, editors. Atlas de la province Extrême-Nord Cameroun. IRD, Paris, France.
38. Tenenhaus, M., and F. W. Young. 1985. An analysis and synthesis of multiple correspondence analysis, optimal scaling, dual scaling, homogeneity analysis and other methods for quantifying categorical multivariate data. Psychometrika 50(1):91-119. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02294151
39. Violon, C., and J. Wencélius. 2014. Les échanges monétaires en zone rurale dans le Mayo-Danay (Extrême-Nord du Cameroun): lieux, acteurs et pratiques. Pages 197-219 in S. Baldi and G. Magrin, editors. Les échanges et la communication dans le bassin du lac Tchad (Actes du 15ème colloque du réseau Méga-Tchad). 13-15 septembre. L’Orientale, Naples, Italie.
40. Wencélius, J., and É. Garine. 2014. Dans les sillons de l’alliance. Ethnographie de la circulation des semences de sorgho dans l’extrême-Nord du Cameroun. Cahiers d’Outre-Mer 265:93-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/com.7082
41. Wencélius, J., T. Thomas, P. Barbillon, and E. Garine. 2016. Interhousehold variability and its effects on seed circulation networks: a case study from northern Cameroon. Ecology and Society, in press.
42. Zimmerer, K. S. 2003. Geographies of seed networks for food plants (potato, ulluco) and approaches to agrobiodiversity conservation in the Andean countries. Society & Natural Resources 16(7):583-601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920309185