International Benchmarking of the Individual Tree Detection Methods for Modeling 3-D Canopy Structure for Silviculture and Forest Ecology Using Airborne Laser Scanning

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

Volumn 54, Issue 9, 2016, Pages 5011-5027

  Wang, Yunsheng ^a,b,c   Hyyppa, Juha ^a   Liang, Xinlian ^a,b   Kaartinen, Harri ^a   Yu, Xiaowei ^d   Lindberg, Eva ^d   Holmgren, Johan ^d   Qin, Yuchu ^e   Mallet, Clement ^e   Ferraz, Antonio ^e,f   Torabzadeh, Hossein ^g,h   Morsdorf, Felix ^g   Zhu, Lingli ^a   Liu, Jingbin ^a   Alho, Petteri ^c,d  

^a FINNISH GEODETIC INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^b ACADEMY OF FINLAND   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

^d SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^e UNIVERSITÉ PARIS EST   (France)

^f CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^h BU ALI SINA UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

Author keywords

Airborne laser scanning (ALS); benchmark; canopy structure; crown class; individual tree detection (ITD); LiDAR; point cloud; subordinate tree

Indexed keywords

BENCHMARKING; ECOLOGY; LASER APPLICATIONS; SURFACE ANALYSIS;

AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING; DETECTION ACCURACY; FOREST ENVIRONMENTS; INDIVIDUAL TREE DETECTIONS; INFLUENTIAL FACTORS; QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION; SPECIES COMPOSITION; STRUCTURE FROM MOTION;

FORESTRY;

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; BENCHMARKING; COMPLEXITY; DETECTION METHOD; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; HETEROGENEITY; LASER METHOD; LIDAR; NUMERICAL METHOD; SILVICULTURE; THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING;

EID: 84975230708     PISSN: 01962892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2543225     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. J. Norman and G. Campbell, "Canopy structure," inPlant Physiological Ecology, R. Pearcy, J. Ehleringer, H. Mooney, P. Rundel, Eds. New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag, 1989, pp. 301-325.
2. G. Kraft,Beiträge zur Lehre von den Durchforstungen, Schlagstellungen und Lichtungshieben. Hannover, Germany: Klindsworth's Verlag, 1884.
3. D. Bayer, S. Seifert, H. Pretzsch, "Structural crown propertie of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.]) [L.] Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica in mixed versus pure stands revealed by terrestrial laser scanning," Trees, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1035-1047, 2013.
4. M. A. Lefsky, W. B. Cohen, G. G. Parker, D. J. Harding, "Lidar remote sensing for ecosystem studies lidar, an emerging remote sensing technology that directly measures the 3-D distribution of plant canopies, can accurately estimate vegetation structural attributes and should be of particular interest to forest, landscape, global ecologists," BioScience, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 19-30, 2002.
5. M. A.Wulder et al., "Lidar sampling for large-area forest characterization: A review," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 121, pp. 196-209, Jun. 2012.
6. J. Hyyppä, M. Holopainen, H. Olsson, "Laser scanning in forests," Remote Sens., vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 2919-2922, Sep. 2012.
7. B. Koch, U. Heyder, H. Weinacker, "Detection of individual tree crowns in airborne lidar data," Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 357-363, Apr. 2006.
8. Y. Wang, H. Weinacker, B. Koch, "A lidar point cloud based procedure for vertical canopy structure analysis and 3-D single tree modeling in forest," Sensors, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 3938-3951, Jun. 2008.
9. A. Persson, J. Holmgren, U. Söderman, "Detecting and measuring individual trees using an airborne laser scanner," Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., vol. 68, no. 9, pp. 925-932, Sep. 2002.
10. S. C. Popescu, "Estimating biomass of individual pine trees using airborne lidar," Biomass Bioenergy, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 646-655, Sep. 2007.
11. X. Yu, J. Hyyppä, M. Vastaranta, M. Holopainen, R. Viitala, "Predicting individual tree attributes from airborne laser point clouds based on the random forests technique," ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 28-37, Jan. 2011.
12. J. Hyyppä et al., "Advances in forest inventory using airborne laser scanning," Remote Sens., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1190-1207, May 2012.
13. A. Ferraz et al., "3-D mapping of a multi-layered Mediterranean forest usingALS data," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 121, pp. 210-223, Jun. 2012.
14. E. Lindberg, L. Eysn, M. Hollaus, J. Holmgren, N. Pfeifer, "Delineation of tree crowns and tree species classification from full-waveform air' borne laser scanning data using 3-D ellipsoidal clustering," IEEEJ. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens., vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 3174-3181, Jul. 2014.
15. X. Liang, V. Kankare, X. Yu, J. Hyyppa, M. Holopainen, "Automated stem curve measurement using terrestrial laser scanning," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 1739-1748, Mar. 2014.
16. B. Koch, T. Kattenborn, C. Straub, J. Vauhkonen, "Segmentation of forest to tree objects," in ForestryApplications ofAirborne Laser Scanning. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer-Verlag, 2014, pp. 89-112.
17. H. Kaartinen and J. Hyyppä, "EuroSDR/ISPRS Project, Commission II 'Tree extraction' Final Report," in Proc. EuroSDR, 2008, pp. 1-60.
18. H. Kaartinen et al., "An international comparison of individual tree detection and extraction using airborne laser scanning," Remote Sens., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 950-974, Mar. 2012.
19. J. Vauhkonen et al., "Comparative testing of single-tree detection algorithms under different types of forest," Forestry, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 27-40, Oct. 2011.
20. L. Eysn et al., "A benchmark of lidar-based single tree detection methods using heterogeneous forest data from the alpine space," Forests, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1721-1747, May 2015.
21. Y. Qin, A. Ferraz, C. Mallet, C. Iovan, "Individual tree segmentation over large areas using airborne LiDAR point cloud and very high resolution optical imagery," in Proc. IEEE IGARSS, 2014, pp. 800-803.
22. J. Holmgren and E. Lindberg, "Tree crown segmentation based on a geometric tree crown model for prediction of forest variables," Can. J. Remote Sens., vol. 39, pp. S86-S98, 2013.
23. F. Morsdorf et al., "LIDAR-based geometric reconstruction of boreal type forest stands at single tree level for forest and wildland fire management," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 353-362, Aug. 2004.
24. X. Liang, J. Hyyppä, L. Matikainen, "Deciduous-coniferous tree classification using difference between first and last pulse laser signatures," Int. Archives Photogramm., Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., vol. 36, Part 3/W52, pp. 253-257, 2007.