Comparative testing of single-tree detection algorithms under different types of forest

Forestry

Volumn 85, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 27-40

  Vauhkonen, Jari ^a   Ene, Liviu ^b   Gupta, Sandeep ^c   Heinzel, Johannes ^c   Holmgren, Johan ^d   Pitkänen, Juho ^e   Solberg, Svein ^f   Wang, Yunsheng ^c   Weinacker, Holger ^c   Hauglin, K Marius ^b   Lien, Vegard ^b   Packalén, Petteri ^a   Gobakken, Terje ^b   Koch, Barbara ^c   Næsset, Erik ^b   Tokola, Timo ^a   Maltamo, Matti ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND   (Finland)

^b NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES   (Norway)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^d SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^e FINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^f NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF BIOECONOMY RESEARCH   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRBORNE SENSING; ALGORITHM; BOREAL FOREST; BROAD-LEAVED FOREST; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONIFEROUS FOREST; DETECTION METHOD; HEIGHT DETERMINATION; PARAMETERIZATION; PLANTATION FORESTRY; POPULATION DENSITY; TROPICAL FOREST;

BRAZIL; FINLAND; GERMANY; NORWAY; SWEDEN;

EID: 84863116404     PISSN: 0015752X     EISSN: 14643626     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/forestry/cpr051     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Ben-Arie, J.R., Hay, G.J., Powers, R.P., Castilla, G. and St-Onge, B. 2009 Development of a pit filling algorithm for LiDAR canopy height models. Comput. Geosci. 35, 1940-1949.
2. Biging, G.S. and Dobbertin, M. 1992 A comparison of distance-dependent competition measures for height and basal area growth of individual conifer trees. For. Sci. 38, 695-720.
3. Biging, G.S. and Dobbertin, M. 1995 Evaluation of competition indices in individual tree growth models. For. Sci. 41, 360-377.
4. Brandtberg, T., Warner, T.A., Landenberger, R.E. and McGraw, J.B. 2003 Detection and analysis of individual leaf-off tree crowns in small footprint, high density lidar data from the eastern deciduous forest in North America. Remote Sens. Environ. 85, 290-303. (Pubitemid 36533256)
5. Breidenbach, J., Næsset, E., Lien, V., Gobakken, T. and Solberg, S. 2010 Prediction of species specific forest inventory attributes using a nonparametric semi-individual tree crown approach based on fused airborne laser scanning and multispectral data. Remote Sens. Environ. 114, 911-924.
6. Ene, L., Næsset, E. and Gobakken, T. 2011 Single tree detection in heterogeneous boreal forests using airborne laser scanning and area based stem number estimates. Int. J. Remote Sens.
7. Falkowski, M.J., Smith, A.M.S., Gessler, P.E., Hudak, A.T., Vierling, L.A. and Evans, J.S. 2008 The influence of conifer forest canopy cover on the accuracy of two individual tree measurement algorithms using lidar data. Can. J. Remote Sens. 34, (Suppl. 2), S338-S350.
8. Gupta, S., Koch, B. and Weinacker, H. 2010 Tree species detection using full waveform lidar data in a complex forest. In Technical Commission VII Symposium-100 Years of ISPRS Vienna, Austria, July 5-7, 2010. W. Wagner and B. Székely (eds). Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, pp. 249-254.
9. Heinzel, J., Weinacker, H. and Koch, B. 2011 Prior knowledge based single tree extraction. Int. J. Remote Sens. 32, 4999-5020.
10. Holmgren, J. and Persson, A. 2004 Identifying species of individual trees using airborne laser scanner. Remote Sens. Environ. 90, 415-423. (Pubitemid 38583628)
11. Holmgren, J. and Wallerman, J. 2006 Estimation of tree size distribution by combining vertical and horizontal distribution of LIDAR measurements with extraction of individual trees. In Workshop on 3D Remote Sensing in Forestry, 14-15 February 2006. T. Koukal and W. Schneider (eds). University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, Vienna, Austria, pp. 168-173.
12. Holmgren, J., Barth, A., Larsson, H. and Olsson, H. 2010 Prediction of stem attributes by combining airborne laser scanning and measurements from harvesting machinery. SilviLaser 2010, the 10th International Conference on LiDAR Applications for Assessing Forest Ecosystems, 14-17 September 2010, Freiburg, Germany, Proceedings USB disc, 10 pp.
13. Hyyppä, J., Kelle, O., Lehikoinen, M. and Inkinen, M. 2001 A segmentation-based method to retrieve stem volume estimates from 3-D tree height models produced by laser scanners. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 39, 969-975. (Pubitemid 32534342)
14. Hyyppä, J., Hyyppä, H., Leckie, D., Gougeon, F., Yu, X. and Maltamo, M. 2008 Review of methods of small-footprint airborne laser scanning for extracting forest inventory data in boreal forests. Int. J. Remote Sens. 29, 1339-1366. (Pubitemid 351321080)
15. Kaartinen, H. and Hyyppä, J. 2008 EuroSDR/ISPRS Commission II project: Tree Extraction-final report. Official publication no. 53. EuroSDR, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 60 p. http://bono.hostireland.com/~eurosdr/ publications/53.pdf (accessed on 26 September, 2011).
16. Kalliovirta, J. and Tokola, T. 2005 Functions for estimating stem diameter and tree age using tree height, crown width and existing stand database information. Silva Fenn. 39, 227-248.
17. Koch, B., Heyder, U. and Weinacker, H. 2006 Detection of individual tree crowns in airborne lidar data. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 72, 357-363.
18. Korpela, I., Orka, H.-O., Maltamo, M., Tokola, T. and Hyyppä, J. 2010 Tree species classification in airborne LiDAR data: influence of stand and tree factors, intensity normalization and sensor type. Silva Fenn. 44, 319-339.
19. Lim, K., Treitz, P., Wulder, M., St-Onge, B. and Flood, M. 2003 LiDAR remote sensing of forest structure. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 27, 88-106. (Pubitemid 36345994)
20. Magnussen, S. and Boudewyn, P. 1998 Derivations of stand heights from airborne laser scanner data with canopy-based quantile estimators. Can. J. For. Res. 28, 1016-1031.
21. Maltamo, M., Packalén, P., Yu, X., Eerikäinen, K., Hyyppä, J. and Pitkänen, J. 2005 Identifying and quantifying structural characteristics of heterogenous boreal forests using laser scanner data. For. Ecol. Manage. 216, 41-50. (Pubitemid 41323753)
22. Means, J.E., Acker, S.A., Brandon, J.F., Renslow, M., Emerson, L. and Hendrix, C.J. 2000 Predicting forest stand characteristics with airborne scanning lidar. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 66, 1367-1371.
23. Miina, J. and Pukkala, T. 2000 Using numerical optimization for specifying individual tree competition models. For. Sci. 46, 277-283. (Pubitemid 30322896)
24. Nagel, J., Albert, M. and Schmidt, M. 2002 Das waldbauliche Prognose-und Entscheidungsmodell BWINPro 6.1 (in German). Forst Holz. 57, 486-493.
25. Näslund, M. 1937 Skogsförsöksanstaltens gallringsförsök i tallskog (in Swedish). Medd. Stat. Skogsförsöksanst. 29, 169.
26. Næsset, E. 1997 Determination of mean tree height of forest stands using airborne laser scanner data. ISPRS J. Photogrammetry Remote Sens. 52, 49-56.
27. Næsset, E., Gobakken, T., Holmgren, J., Hyyppä, H., Hyyppä, J., Maltamo, M. et al. 2004 Laser scanning of forest resources: the Nordic experience. Scand. J. For. Res. 19, 482-499. (Pubitemid 40033865)
28. Olofsson, K., Lindberg, E. and Holmgren, J. 2004 A method for linking field-surveyed and aerial-detected single trees using cross correlation of position images and the optimization of weighted tree list graphs. Proceedings of SilviLaser 2008, the 8th International Conference on LiDAR Applications in Forest Assessment and Inventory, 17-19 September, 2008, Edinburgh, UK, R.A. Hill, J. Rosette and J. Suárez (eds). 10 pp. http://geography.swan.ac.uk/ silvilaser/papers/oral-papers/Data%20Fusion/Olofsson.pdf (accessed on 26 September, 2011).
29. Persson, A., Holmgren, J. and Söderman, U. 2002 Detecting and measuring individual trees using an airborne laser scanner. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 68, 925-932. (Pubitemid 34979281)
30. Pitkänen, J., Maltamo, M., Hyyppä, J. and Yu, X. 2004 Adaptive methods for individual tree detection on airborne laser based canopy height model. In Proceedings of ISPRS Working Group VIII/2: Laser-scanners for forest and landscape assessment. M. Theis, B. Koch, H. Spiecker and H. Weinacker (eds). University of Freiburg, Germany, pp. 187-191.
31. Pollock, R.J. 1996 The automatic recognition of individual trees in aerial images of forests based on a synthetic tree crown image model. Ph.D. Thesis. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 172 pp.
32. Pretzsch, H., Biper, P. and Dursk, J. 2002 The single-tree based simulator SILVA: construction, application and evaluation. For. Ecol. Manage. 162, 3-21. (Pubitemid 34689032)
33. Reitberger, J., Schnörr, C., Krzystek, P. and Stilla, U. 2009 3D segmentation of single trees exploiting full waveform LIDAR data. ISPRS J. Photogrammetry Remote Sens. 64, 561-574.
34. Solberg, S., Næsset, E. and Bollandsås, O.M. 2006 Single tree segmentation using airborne laser scanner data in a heterogeneous spruce forest. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. 72, 1369-1378. (Pubitemid 44893890)
35. Vauhkonen, J., Korpela, I., Maltamo, M. and Tokola, T. 2010 Imputation of single-tree attributes using airborne laser scanning-based height, intensity, and alpha shape metrics. Remote Sens. Environ. 114, 1263-1276.
36. Wang, Y., Weinacker, H., Koch, B. and Sterenczak, K. 2008 Lidar point cloud based fully automatic 3D single tree modelling in forest and evaluations of the procedure. Int. Archives Photogrammetry Remote Sens Spatial Inform. Sci. XXXVII, 45-51.
37. Zimble, D.A., Evans, D.L., Carlson, G.C., Parker, R.C., Grado, S.C. and Gerard, P.D. 2003 Characterizing vertical forest structure using small-footprint airborne LiDAR. Remote Sens. Environ. 87, 171-182. (Pubitemid 39661168)