The relationship between dissociation and auditory verbal hallucinations in the flow of daily life of patients with psychosis

Psychosis

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 14-28

  Varese, Filippo ^a   Udachina, Alisa ^a   Myin‐Germeys, Inez ^b   Oorschot, Margareet ^b   Bentall, Richard P ^a  

^a BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Dissociation; Experience sampling method; Hallucinations; Psychosis; Stress

Indexed keywords

EID: 84971523357     PISSN: 17522439     EISSN: 17522447     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2010.548564     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Aleman, A., & Larai, F. (2008). Hallucinations: The science of idiosyncratic perception. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
2. Allen, J.G., & Coyne, L. (1995). Dissociation and vulnerability to psychotic experience. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 755(10), 615–622.
3. Altman, H., Collins, M., & Mundy, P. (1997). Subclinical hallucinations and delusions in nonpsychotic adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(4), 413–420.
4. Ammons, R.B., & Ammons, C.H. (1962). The Quick Test (QT): Provisional manual. Psychological Reports, 11, 111–161.
5. Andrew, E.M., Gray, N.S., & Snowden, R.J. (2008). The relationship between trauma and beliefs about hearing voices: A study of psychiatric and non-psychiatric voice hearers. Psychological Medicine, 55, 1409–1417.
6. Anketell, C., Dorahy, M.J., Shannon, M., Elder, R., Hamilton, G., Corry, M., et al. (2010). An exploratory analysis of voice hearing in chronic PTSD: Potential associated mechanisms. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 11(1), 93–107.
7. Baer, R.A., Smith, G.T., Hopkins, J., Krietmeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 15(1), 27–45.
8. Baethge, C., Baldessarini, R.J., Freudenthal, K., Streeruwitz, A., Bauer, M., & Bschor, T. (2005). Hallucinations in bipolar disorder: Characteristics and comparison to unipolar depression and schizophrenia. Bipolar Disorders, 7(2), 136–145.
9. Beavan, V. (2011). Towards a definition of ‘hearing voices’: A phenomenological approach. Psychosis: Psychological, Social and Integrative Approaches, 5(1), 63–73.
10. Bentall, R.P., Corcoran, R., Howard, R., Blackwood, N., & Kinderman, P. (2001). Persecutory delusions: A review and theoretical integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(8), 1143–1192.
11. Bernstein, E.M., & Putnam, F.W. (1986). Development, reliability and validity of a dissociation scale. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174(12), 727–735.
12. Brown, R.J. (2002). The cognitive psychology of dissociative states. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 7(3), 221–235.
13. Brown, R.J. (2006). Different types of “dissociation” have different psychological mechanism. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 7(4), 7–28.
14. Carlson, E.B., & Putnam, F.W. (1993). An update on the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Dissociation, 6(1), 16–27.
15. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
16. Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R. (1987). Validity and reliability of the Experience-Sampling Method. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175(9), 526–536.
17. Delespaul, P. (1995). Assessing schizophrenia in daily life: The Experience Sampling Method. Maastricht, the Netherlands: Universitaire Pers Maastricht.
18. Delespaul, P., DeVries, M.W., & Van Os, J. (2002). Determinants of occurrence and recovery from hallucinations in daily life. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 37(3), 97–104.
19. Dorahy, M.J., Shannon, C., Seagar, L., Corr, M., Stewart, K., Hanna, D., et al. (2009). Auditory hallucinations in dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia with and without a childhood trauma history. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197(12), 892–898.
20. Escher, S., Morris, M., Buiks, A., Delespaul, P., Van Os, J., & Romme, M. (2004). Determinants of outcome in the pathways through care for children hearing voices. International Journal of Social Welfare, 13(3), 208–222.
21. Escher, S., Romme, M., Buiks, A., Delespaul, P., & Van Os, J. (2002a). Formation of delusional ideation in adolescents hearing voices: A prospective study. American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics), 114, 913–920.
22. Escher, S., Romme, M., Buiks, A., Delespaul, P., & Van Os, J. (2002b). Independent course of childhood auditory hallucinations: A sequential 3-year follow up study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 181(Suppl 43), s10-s18.
23. Fontenelle, L.F., Lopes, A.P., Borges, M.C., Pacheco, P.G., Nascimento, A.L., & Versiani, M. Auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, and bodily hallucinations in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. CNS Spectrums, 13(2), 125–130.
24. Glaser, J.P., van Os, J., Portegijs, P.J., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2006). Childhood trauma and emotional reactivity to daily life stress in adult frequent attenders of general practitioners. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61(2), 229–239.
25. Glicksohn, J., & Barrett, T.R. (2003). Absorption and hallucinatory experience. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17(7), 833–849.
26. Hammersley, P., Dias, A., Todd, G., Bowen-Jones, K., Reilly, B., & Bentall, R.P. (2003). Childhood trauma and hallucinations in bipolar affective disorder: Preliminary investigation. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182(6), 543–547.
27. Hamner, M.B., Frueh, B.C., Ulmer, H.G., Huber, M.G., Twomey, T.J., Tyson, C., et al. (2000). Psychotic features in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188(4), 217–221.
28. Hayes, S.C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K.G., Bissett, R.T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., et al. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record, 54, 553–578.
29. Holmes, E.A., Brown, R.J., Mansell, W., Pasco Fearon, R., Hunter, E.C.M., Frasquilho, F., et al. (2005). Are there two qualitatively distinct froms of dissociation? A review and some clinical implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 25(1), 1–23.
30. Honig, A., Romme, M., Ensink, B., Escher, S., Pennings, M., & DeVries, M. (1998). Auditory hallucinations: A comparison between patients and nonpatients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 186(10), 646–651.
31. Hox, J.J. (2010). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications (2nd ed.). Hove: Routledge.
32. Johns, L.C., Nazroo, J.Y., Bebbington, P.E., & Kuipers, E. (2002). Occurrence of hallucinatory experiences in a community sample and ethnic variations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 174–178.
33. Jones, S.R., & Fernyhough, C. (2006). The role of thought suppression and metacognitive beliefs in proneness to auditory verbal hallucinations in a non-clinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(8), 1421–1432.
34. Kay, S.R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L.A. (1987). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 12(2), 261–276.
35. Kay, S.R., Opler, L.A., & Lindenmayer, J.P. (1988). Reliability and validity of the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenics. Psychiatry Research, 23(1), 99–110.
36. Kilcommons, A.M., & Morrison, A.P. (2005). Relationships between trauma and psychosis: An exploration of cognitive and dissociative factors. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 112(5), 351–359.
37. Kilcommons, A.M., Morrison, A.P., Knight, A., & Lobban, F. (2008). Psychotic experiences in people who have been sexually assaulted. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(8), 602–611.
38. Lardinois, M., Lataster, T., Mengelers, R., van Os, J., & Myin-Germeys, I. (in press). Childhood trauma and increased stress sensitivity in psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01594.x
39. Lawrence, C., Jones, J., & Cooper, M. (2010). Hearing voices in a non-psychiatric population. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38(3), 363–373.
40. Lipsey, M.W., & Wilson, D.B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. London: Sage.
41. Mayer, J.L., & Farmer, R.F. (2003). The development and psychometric evaluation of a new measure of dissociative activities. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80(2), 185–196.
42. Marmar, C.R., Metzler, T.J., & Otte, C. (2004). The Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire. In J.P. Wilson & T.M. Keane (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD (2nd ed., pp. 144-167). New York, NY: Guilford.
43. Morrison, A.P. (2001). The intepretation of intrusions in psychosis: An integrative cognitive approach to hallucinations and delusions. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29(3), 257–276.
44. Morrison, A.P., Haddock, G., & Tarrier, N. (1995). Intrusive thoughts and auditory hallucinations: A cognitive approach. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23(3), 265–280.
45. Morrison, A.P., & Petersen, T. (2003). Trauma, metacognition and predisposition to hallucinations in non-patients. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31(3), 235–246.
46. Moskowitz, A., & Corstens, D. (2007). Auditory hallucinations: Psychotic symptom or dissociative experience. The Journal of Psychological Trauma, 6(2), 35–63.
47. Moskowitz, A., Read, J., Farrelly, S., Rudegeair, T., & Williams, O. (2009). Are psychotic symptoms traumatic in origin and dissociative in kind? In P. Dell & J. O’Neil (Eds.), Dissociation and dissociative disorders: DSM-Vand beyond. New York, NY: Routledge.
48. Myin-Germeys, I., Delespaul, P., & van Os, J. (2005). Behavioural sensitization to daily life stress in psychosis. Psychological Medicine, 35(5), 733–741.
49. Myin-Germeys, I., Oorschot, M., Collip, D., Lataster, J., Delespaul, P., & van Os, J. (2009). Experience sampling research in psychopathology: Opening the black box of daily life. Psychological Medicine, 39(9), 1533–1547.
50. Myin-Germeys, I., Peeters, F., Havermans, R., Nicolson, N.A., deVries, M.W., Delespaul, P., et al. (2003). Emorional reactivity to daily life stress in psychosis and disorder: an experience sampling study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 107(33), 124–131.
51. Myin-Germeys, I., & van Os, J. (2007). Stress-reactivity in psychosis: Evidence for an affective pathway to psychosis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(4), 409–424.
52. Myin-Germeys, I., van Os, J., Schwartz, J.E., Stone, A.A., & Delespaul, P. (2001). Emotional reactivity to daily life stress in psychosis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 1137–1144.
53. Oorschot, M., Kwapil, T., Delespaul, P., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2009). Momentary assessment research in psychosis. Psychological Assessment, 21(4), 498–505.
54. Palmier-Claus, J.E., Myin-Germeys, I., Barkus, E., Udachina, A., Delespaul, P., Lewis, S.W., et al. (in press). Experience Sampling Method in individuals with mental illness: Reflections and guidance. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica.
55. Perona-Garcelán, S.P., Cuevas-Yust, C., García-Montes, J.M., Pérez-Alvarez, M., Ductor-Recuerda, M.J., Salas-Azcona, R., et al. (2008). Relationship between self-focused attention and dissociation in patients with and without auditory hallucinations. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196(3), 190–197.
56. Perona-Garcelán, S.P., García-Montes, J.M., Cuevas-Yust, C., Pérez-Álvarez, M., Ductor-Recuerda, M.J., Salas-Azcona, R., et al. (2010). A preliminary exploration of trauma, dissociation and positive psychotic symptoms in a Spanish sample. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 11(3), 284–292.
57. Pickering, L., Simpson, J., & Bentall, R.P. (2008). Insecure attachment predicts proneness to paranoia but not hallucinations. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(5), 1212–1224.
58. Schäfer, I., Aderhold, V., Fryberger, H.J., & Spitzer, R.L. (2008). Dissociative symtpoms in schizophrenia. In A. Moskowitz, I. Schäfer & M. Dorahy (Eds.), Psychosis, trauma and dissociation: Emerging perspectives on severe psychopathology (pp. 149-163). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
59. Schwartz, J.E., & Stone, A.A. (1998). Strategies for analysing ecological momentary assessment data. Health Psychology, 17(1), 6–16.
60. Shevlin, M., Dorahy, M., & Adamson, G. (2007). Childhood traumas and hallucinations: An analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 41(3-4), 222–228.
61. Stiglmayr, C.E., Ebner-Priemer, U.W., Bretz, J., Behm, R., Mohse, M., Lammers, C. H., et al. Dissociative symptoms are positively related to stress in borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 117(2), 139–147.
62. Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
63. Thornton, K., Varese, F., Jackson, M.C., & Linden, D.E.J. (submitted). The relationship between metacognitive beliefs, auditory hallucinations and hallucination-related distress in clinical and non-clinical voice-hearers. Manuscript submitted for publication.
64. Udachina, A., Thewissen, V., Myin-Germeys, I., Fitzpatrick, C., O’Kane, A., & Bentall, R.P. Understanding the relationships between self-esteem, experiential avoidance and paranoia: Structural equation modelling and experience sampling studies. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197(9), 661–668.
65. Valmaggia, L.R., Bouman, T.K., & Schuurman, L. (2007). Attention training with auditory hallucinations: A case study. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 14(2), 127–133.
66. van Ijzendoorn, M.H., & Schuengel, C. (1996). The measurement of dissociation in normal and clinical populations: Meta-analytic validation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Clinical Psychology^ Review, 16(5), 365–382.
67. van Os, J., Linscott, R.J., Myin-Germeys, I., Delespaul, P., & Krabbendam, L. (2009). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: Evidence for a psychosis-proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder. Psychological Medicine, 39(2), 179–195.
68. Varese, F., Barkus, E., & Bentall, R.P. (in press). Dissociative and metacognitive factors in hallucination-proneness when controlling for comorbid symptoms. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2010.495244.
69. Varese, F., & Bentall, R.P. (in press). The metacognitive beliefs account of hallucinatory experiences: A literature review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review.
70. Waller, N.G., Putman, F.W., & Carlson, E.B. (1996). Types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences. Psychological Methods, 1(3), 300–321.
71. Wells, A. (1990). Panic disorder in association with relaxation induced anxiety: An attentional training approach to treatment. Behavior Therapy, 21(3), 273–280.
72. Wells, A. (2007). The attention training technique: Theory, effects and a metacognitive hypothesis on auditory hallucinations. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 14(2), 134–138.