Management of neurogenic communication disorders associated with dementia

Language Intervention Strategies in Aphasia and Related Neurogenic Communication Disorders: Fifth Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 988-1008

  Hopper, Tammy ^a   Bayles, Kathryn A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84971245994     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (148)

1. Aarsland, D., Andersen, K., Larsen, J. P., Lolk, A., & Kragh-Sorensen, P. (2003). Prevalence and characteristics of dementia in Parkinson's disease: An 8-year prospective study. Archives of Neurology, 60, 387-392.
2. American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2005a). The roles of speech-language pathologists working with individuals with dementia: Position statement. Rockville, MD: Author.
4. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2005b). The roles of speech-language pathologists working with individuals with dementia: Technical report. Rockville, MD: Author.
5. Arkin, S. M. (1992). Audio-assisted memory training with early Alzheimer's patients: Two single-subject experiments. Clinical Gerontologist, 12(2), 77-96.
6. Arkin, S. M. (1995). Volunteers in partnership: A rehabilitation program for Alzheimer's patients. (J. Chitwood, Director). In C. K. Tomoeda (Producer), Telerounds. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona.
7. Armstrong, L., Bayles, K. A., Borthwick, S. E., & Tomoeda, C. K. (1996). Use of the Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia in the UK. European Journal of Disorders of Communication, 31, 171-180.
8. Azuma, T., & Bayles, K. A. (1997). Memory impairments underlying language difficulties in dementia. Topics in Language Disorders, 18(1), 58-71.
9. Bach, D., Bach, M., Bohmer, F., Fruhwald, T., & Grilc, B. (1995). Reactivating occupational therapy: A method to improve cognitive performance in geriatric patients. Age and Ageing, 24, 222-226.
10. Baddeley, A. (1986). Working memory. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
11. Baddeley, A. (1999). Essentials of human memory. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press.
12. Baddeley, A. D., Bressi, S., Della Sala, S., Logie, R., & Spinnler, H. (1991). The decline of working memory in Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal study. Brain, 114, 2521-2547.
13. Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In G. A. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (pp. 47-89). New York: Academic Press.
14. Baddeley, A. D., & Wilson, B. A. (1994). When implicit learning fails: Amnesia and the problem of error elimination. Neuropsychologia, 32(1), 53-68.
15. Bailey, J., Gilbert, E., & Herweyer, S. (1992, July). To find a soul. Nursing, 63-64.
16. Barona, A., Reynolds, C., & Chastain, R. (1984). A demographi-cally based index of premorbid intelligence for the WAIS-R. Journal of Clinical Consulting Psychology, 52, 885-887.
17. Bayles, K. A. (1991). Alzheimer's disease symptoms: Prevalence and order of appearance. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 10, 419-430.
18. Bayles, K. A., Hopper, T., Gillispie, M., Mahendra, N., Cleary, S., & Tomoeda, C. K. (1998, November). Improving the functioning of individuals with dementia: An emerging science. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, San Antonio, TX.
19. Bayles, K. A., & Kaszniak, A. W. (1987). Communication and cognition in normal aging and dementia. Boston, MA: College-Hill Press.
20. Bayles, K. A., Kim, E. S., Azuma, T., Chapman, S. B., Cleary, S., Hopper, T., Mahendra, N., et al. (2005). Developing evidenced-based practice guidelines for speech-language pathologists serving individuals with Alzheimer's dementia. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 13(4), xiii-xxv.
21. Bayles, K. A., & Tomoeda, C. K. (1993). The Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
22. Bayles, K. A., & Tomoeda, C. K. (1994). The functional linguistic communication inventory. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
23. Bayles, K. A., & Tomoeda, C. K. (1997). Improving function in dementia and other cognitive-linguistic disorders. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
24. Bayles, K. A., Trosset, M. W., Tomoeda, C. K., Montgomery, E. B, & Wilson, J. (1993). Generative naming in Parkinson's disease patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 15(4), 547-562.
25. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 53.
26. Borkowski, J. G., Benton, A. L., & Spreen, O. (1967). Word fluency and brain damage. Neuropsychologia, 5, 135-140.
27. Bourgeois, M. S. (1990). Enhancing conversation skills in patients with Alzheimer's disease using a prosthetic memory aid. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23(1), 29-42.
28. Bourgeois, M. S. (1991). Communication treatment for adults with dementia. Journal ofSpeech and Hearing Research, 34(4), 831-844.
29. Bourgeois, M. S. (1992). Evaluating memory wallets in conversations with persons with dementia. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35(6), 1344-1357.
30. Bowen, D. M., Davison, A. N., & Sims, N. (1981). Biochemical and pathological correlates of cerebral aging and dementia. Gerontology, 27, 100-101.
31. Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1991). Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathologica, 82, 239-259.
32. Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1997). Staging of Alzheimer-related cortical destruction. International Psychogeriatrics, 9(Suppl 1), 257-261.
33. Braak, H., Del Tredici, K., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., Jansen Steur, E. N. H., & Braak, E. (2003). Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 24, 197-211.
34. Broadbent, N. J., Clark, R. E., Zola, S., & Squire, L. R. (2002). In L. R. Squire & D. L. Schacter (Eds.), Neuropsychology of memory (3rd ed., pp. 3-23) New York: Guilford Press.
35. Brush, J. A., & Camp, C. J. (1998). Using spaced-retrieval as an intervention during speech-language therapy. Clinical Gerontologist, 19(1), 51-64.
36. Butters, N., Heindel, W. C., & Salmon, D. P. (1990). Dissociation of implicit memory in dementia: Neurological implications. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 28, 359-366.
37. Calderon, J., Perry, R. J., Erzinclioglu, S. W., Berrios, G. E., Dening, T. R., & Hodges, J. R. (2001). Perception, attention, and working memory are disproportionately impaired in dementia with Lewy bodies compared with Alzheimer's disease. Journal ofNeurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 70, 157-164.
38. Camp, C. J., & Brush, J. A. (1998). Montessori-based interventions for persons with dementia. (J. Chitwood, Director). In C. K. Tomoeda (Producer), Telerounds. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona.
39. Camp, C. J., Foss, J. W., O'Hanlon, A. M., & Stevens, A. B. (1996). Memory intervention for persons with dementia. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10, 193-210.
40. Camp, C. J., Judge, K. S., Bye, C. A., Fox, K. M., Bowden, J., Bell, M., et al. (1997). An intergenerational program for persons with dementia using Montessori methods. The Gerontologist, 37(5), 688-692.
41. Cercy, S. P., & Bylsma, F. W. (1997). Lewy bodies and progressive dementia: A critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 179-194.
42. Chapman, S. B., Weiner, M. F., Rackley, A., Hynan, L. S., & Zientz, J. (2004). Effects of cognitive-communication stimulation for Alzheimer's disease patients treated with donepezil. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 47, 1149-1163.
43. Chertkow, H., & Bub, D. (1990). Semantic memory loss in dementia of Alzheimer type: What do various measures measure? Brain, 113, 397-417.
44. Clare, L., Wilson, B. A., Breen, K., & Hodges, J. R. (1999). Errorless learning of face-name associations in early Alzheimer's disease. Neurocase, 5(1), 37-46.
45. Clare, L., Wilson, B. A., Carter, G., Breen, K., Gosses, A., & Hodges, J. R. (2000). Intervening with everyday memory problems in dementia of the Alzheimer type: An errorless learning approach. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22(1), 132-146.
46. Connor, D. J., Salmon, D. P., Sandy, T. J., Galasko, D., Hansen, L. A., & Thal, L. J. (1998). Cognitive profiles of autopsy-confirmed Lewy body variant vs pure Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology, 55, 994-1000.
47. Cox, D. M., Bayles, K. A., & Trosset, M. W. (1996). Category and attribute knowledge deterioration in Alzheimer's disease. Brain and Language, 52, 536-550.
48. Coyle, J. T., Price, D. L., & DeLong, M. R. (1983). Alzheimer's disease: A disorder of cortical cholinergic innervation. Science, 219, 1194-1219.
49. Crum, R. M., Anthony, J. C., Bassett, S. S., & Folstein, M. F. (1993). Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State examination by age and educational level. Journal of the American Medical Association, 269(18), 2386-2391.
50. Daselaar, S. M., Rombouts, S. A., Veltman, D. J., Raaijmakers, J. G., & Jonker, C. (2003). Similar network activated by young and old adults during the acquisition of a motor sequence. Neurobiology of Aging, 24, 1013-1019.
51. Davies, P. (1983). An update on the neurochemistry of Alzheimer disease. In R. Mayeux & W. G. Rosen (Eds.), The dementias. New York: Raven Press.
52. Davis, D. G., Schmitt, F. A., Wekstein, D. R., & Markesbery, W. R. (1999). Alzheimer neuropathologic alterations in aged cogni-tively intact subjects. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 58(4), 376-388.
53. Dick, M. B., Nielson, K. A., Beth, R. E., Shankle, W. R., & Cotman, C. W. (1995). Acquisition and long-term retention of a fine motor skill in Alzheimer's disease. Brain and Cognition, 29, 294-306.
54. Doyon, J., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2002). Functional anatomy of motor skill learning. In L. R. Squire & D. R. Schacter (Eds.), Neuropsychology of memory (3rd ed., pp. 225-238). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
55. Drachman, D. A., & Leavitt, J. (1974). Human memory and the cholinergic system: A relationship to aging. Archives of Neurology, 30, 113-121.
56. Dubois, M. F., & Hébért R. (2001). The incidence of vascular dementia in Canada: A comparison with Europe and East Asia. Neuroepidemiology, 20, 179-187.
57. Emre, M. (2003). Dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurology, 2, 229-237.
58. Farber, J. F., Schmitt, F. A., & Logue, P. E. (1988). Predicting intellectual level from the Mini-Mental State Examination. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 36, 509-510.
59. Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). "Mini-Mental State": A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189-198.
60. Foreman, M. D. (1987). Reliability and validity of mental status questionnaires in elderly hospitalized patients. Nursing Research, 36, 216-220.
61. Francis, G., & Baly, A. (1986). Plush animals-Do they make a difference? Geriatric Nursing, 74(9), 140-143.
62. Gallagher, D., Breckenridge, J., Steinmetz, J., & Thompson, L. (1983). The Beck Depression Inventory and research diagnostic criteria: Congruence in an older population. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 945.
63. Glickstein, J. K., & Neustadt, G. K. (1995). Reimbursable geriatric service delivery: A functional maintenance therapy system. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.
64. Goedert, M. (1993). Tau protein and the neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer's disease. TINS, 16(1), 460-465.
65. Goldman, J., & Côté, L. (1991). Aging of the brain: Dementia of the Alzheimer's type. In E. R. Kandel, J. H. Schwartz, & T. M. Jessell (Eds.), Principles of neural science (3rd ed.). New York:.
66. Elsevier Science. Goodglass, H., & Kaplan, E. (1983). Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.
67. Hachinski, V. C., Iliff, L. D., Zilhka, E., duBoulay, G. H. D., McAllister, B. L., Marxhall, J., et al. (1975). Cerebral blood flow in dementia. Archives of Neurology, 32, 632-637.
68. Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurological Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 23, 56.
69. Hebert, L. E., Scherr, P. A., Bienias, J. L., Bennett, D. A., & Evans, D. A. (2003). Alzheimer disease in the U. S. population: Prevalence estimates using the 2000 census. Archives of Neurology, 60(8), 1119-1122.
70. Heindel, W. C., Salmon, D. P, Shults, C. W., Walicke, P. A., & Butters, N. (1989). Neuropsychological evidence for multiple implicit memory systems: A comparison of Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's disease patients. Journal of Neuroscience, 9, 582-587.
71. Hier, D. B., Hagenlocker, D., & Shindler, A. G. (1985). Language disintegration in dementia: Effects of etiology and severity. Brain and Language, 25, 117-133.
72. Hodges, J. R., & Patterson, K. (1995). Is semantic memory consistently impaired early in the course of Alzheimer's disease? Neuroanatomical and diagnostic implications. Neuropsychologia, 33(4), 441-459.
73. Hoerster, L., Hickey, E. M., & Bourgeois, M. S. (2001). Effects of memory aids on conversations between nursing home residents with dementia and nursing assistants. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 11(3/4), 399-427.
74. Holmes, T. (2000). Use of a memory notebook to help Alzheimer's caregivers manage behavioral excesses. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 17(3), 67-80.
75. Honig, L. S. (1997). Genetics of Alzheimer's disease. Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, 7(4), 6-10.
76. Hopper, T., Bayles, K. A., & Tomoeda, C. K. (1998). Using toys to stimulate communicative function in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 6(2), 73-80.
77. Hopper, T., Mahendra, N., Kim, E., Azuma, T., Bayles, K. A., Cleary, S., et al. (2005). Evidence-based practice recommendations for individuals working with dementia: Spaced-retrieval training. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 13(4), xxvii-xxxiv.
78. Jefferson, A. L., Brickman, A. M., Aloia, M., & Paul, R. H. (2005). The cognitive profile of vascular dementia. In R. H. Paul, B. R. Ott, & R. Cohen (Eds.), Vascular dementia: Cerebrovascular mechanisms and clinical management (pp. 131-144). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.
79. Katzman, R., & Bick, K. (Eds.). (2000). Alzheimer disease: The changing view. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
80. Kinsella, K., & Velkoff, V. A. (2001). U.S. Census Bureau, Series P95/01-1. An Aging World: 2001. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
81. Kramer, J. H., Reed, B. R., Mungas, D., Weiner, M. W., & Chui, H. C. (2002). Executive dysfunction in subcortical ischaemic vascular disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 72, 217-220.
82. Lowell, S., Beeson, P. M., & Holland, A. L. (1995). The efficacy of a semantic cueing procedure on naming performance of adults with aphasia. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 4(4), 109-114.
83. Lustig, C., & Buckner, R. L. (2004). Preserved neural correlates of priming in old age and dementia. Neuron, 42, 865-875.
84. Mahendra, N., Hopper, T., Bayles, K. A., Azuma, T., Cleary, S., & Kim, E. (2006). Evidence-based practice recommendations for working with individuals with dementia: Montessori-based interventions. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 14(1), xv-xxv.
85. Martin, A., & Fedio, P. (1983). Word production and comprehension in Alzheimer's disease: The breakdown of semantic knowledge. Brain and Language, 19, 124-141.
86. McKeith, I. G., Dickson, D. W., Lowe, J., Emre, M., O'Brien, J. T., et al. (2005). Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Third report of the DLB consortium. Neurology, 65, 1863-1872.
87. McKeith, I. G., Galasko, D., Kosaka, K., Perry, E. K., Dickson, D. W., Hansen, L. A., et al. (1996). Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB): Report of the consortium on DLB international workshop. Neurology, 47, 1113-1124.
88. McKeith, I. G., & O'Brien, J. T. (1999). Dementia with Lewy bodies. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,33(6), 800-808.
89. McKitrick, L. A., Camp, C. J., & Black, F. W. (1992). Prospective memory intervention in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47(5), 337-343.
90. McPherson, S. E., & Cummings, J. L. (1997). Vascular dementia: Clinical assessment, neuropsychological features and treatment. In P. D. Nussbaum (Ed.). Handbook of neuropsychology and aging. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
91. Miller, R. G., Rosenberg, J. A., Gelinas, D. F., Mitsumoto, H., Newman, D, Sufit, R, et al. (1999). Practice parameter: The care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (an evidence-based review). Neurology, 52, 1311-1325.
92. Miller, W. R., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1973). Depression and the perceptions of reinforcement. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 82, 62.
93. Milton, I., & MacPhail, J. (1985). Dolls and toy animals for hospitalized elders: Infantilizing or comforting? Geriatric Nursing, 204-206.
94. Moorhouse, B., Douglas, J., Panaccio, J., & Steel G. (1999). Use of the Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia in an Australian context. Asia Pacific Journal of Speech Language and Hearing, 4, 93-107.
95. Morris, J. N., Hawes, C., Fries, B. E., Phillips, C. D., Mor, V., Katz, S., et al. (1990). Designing the national resident assessment instrument for nursing homes. The Gerontological Society of America, 30(3), 293-302.
96. Mungas, D. (2005). Contributions of subcortical lacunar infarcts to cognitive impairment in older persons. In R. H. Paul, B. R. Ott, & R. Cohen (Eds.), Vascular dementia: Cerebrovascular mechanisms and clinical management. (pp. 211-222). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.
97. Nash Koury, L., & Lubinski, R. (1991). Effective in-service training for staff working with communication impaired patients. In R. Lubinski (Ed.), Dementia and communication. Philadelphia, PA: B. C. Decker.
98. National Institute on Aging/Alzheimer's Association Working Group. (1996). Apolipoprotein E genotyping in Alzheimer's disease. The Lancet, 347(9008), 1091-1095.
99. Nebes, R. D. (1994). Contextual facilitation of lexical processing in Alzheimer's disease: Intralexical priming or sentence-level priming? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16(4), 489-497.
100. Nebes, R. D., Boller, F., & Holland, A. (1986). Use of semantic context by patients with Alzheimer's disease. Psychology and Aging, 1(3), 261-269.
101. Nebes, R. D., & Brady, C. B. (1988). Integrity of semantic fields in Alzheimer's disease. Cortex, 24, 291-300.
102. Nebes, R. D., Martin, D. C., & Horn, L. C. (1984). Sparing of semantic memory in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93(3), 321-330.
103. Noe, E., Marder, K., Bell, K. L., Jacobs, D. M., Manly, J. J., & Stern, Y. (2004). Comparison of dementia with Lewy bodies to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease with dementia. Movement Disorders, 19(1), 60-67.
104. Ober, B. A., Dronkers, N. F., Koss, E., Delis, D. C., & Friedland, R. P. (1986). Retrieval from semantic memory in Alzheimertype dementia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 8, 75-92.
105. Obler, L.K. (1983). Language and brain dysfunction in dementia. In S. Segalowitz (Ed.), Language functions and brain organization (pp. 267-282). New York: Academic Press.
106. Olswang, L., & Bain, B. (1994). Data collection: Monitoring children's treatment progress. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 3, 55-66.
107. Orsulic-Jeras, S., Judge, K., & Camp, C. (2000). Montessori-based activities for long-term care residents with dementia: Effects on engagement and affect. The Gerontologist, 40(1), 107-111.
108. Press, D. Z. (2004). Parkinson's disease dementia: A first step? New England Journal of Medicine, 351(24), 2547-2549.
109. Quayhagen, M. P., Quayhagen, M., Corbeil, R. R., Roth, P. A., & Rodgers, J. A. (1995). A dyadic remediation program for care recipients with dementia. Nursing Research, 44(3), 153-159.
110. Reisberg, B., Ferris, S. H., deLeon, M. J., & Crook, T. (1982). The Global Deterioration Scale (GDS): An instrument for the assessment of primary degenerative dementia (PDD). American Journal of Psychiatry, 139(1), 136-139.
111. Reisberg, B., Ferris, S. H., & Franssen, E. (1985). An ordinal functional assessment tool for Alzheimer's type dementia. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 36, 939-944.
112. Ripich, D. N. (1994). Functional communication training with individuals with AD: A caregiver training program. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 8(3), 95-109.
113. Ripich, D. N., & Terrell, B. Y. (1988). Patterns of discourse cohesion and coherence in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 53, 8-19.
114. Ripich, D. N, Wykle, M., & Niles, S. (1995). Alzheimer's disease caregivers: The FOCUSED program. Geriatric Nursing, 16(1), 15-19.
115. Ripich, D. N., & Ziol, E. (1999). Training Alzheimer's disease care-givers for successful communication. Clinical Gerontologist, 21, 37-56.
116. Român, G. C. (2003). Stroke, cognitive decline and vascular dementia: The silent epidemic of the 21st century. Neuroepidemiology, 22, 161-164.
117. Român, G. C. (2005). Clinical forms of vascular dementia. In R. H. Paul, B. R. Ott, & R. Cohen (Eds.), Vascular dementia: Cerebrovascular mechanisms and clinical management (pp. 7-22). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.
118. Rosen, W. G., Mohs, R. C., & Davis, K. L. (1984). A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 1356-1364.
119. Saint-Cyr, J. A., Taylor, A. E., & Lang, A. E. (1988). Procedural learning and neostriatal dysfunction in man. Brain, 111, 941-959.
120. Salmon, D. P., & Bondi, M. W. (1997). The neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease. In P. D. Nussbaum (Ed.), Handbook of neu-ropsychology and aging. New York: Plenum Press.
121. Salmon, D. P., Galasko, D., Hansen, L. A., Masliah, E., Butters, N., Thal, L. F., et al. (1996). Neuropsychological deficits associated with diffuse Lewy body disease. Brain and Cognition, 31, 118-165.
122. Salmon, D. P, Shimamura, A. P., Butters, N., & Smith, S. (1988). Lexical and semantic priming deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 10, 477-494.
123. Santa Cruz, K., Pahwa, R., Lyons, K., Troster, A., Handler, M., Koller, W., et al. (1999). Lewy body, neurofibrillary tangle and senile plaque pathology in Parkinson's disease patients with and without dementia. Neurology, 52, A476-A477.
124. Santo Pietro, M. J., & Boczko, F. (1997). The Communication Outcome Measure of Functional Independence: COMFI scale. Vero Beach, FL: The Speech Bin.
125. Santo Pietro, M. J., & Boczko, F. (1998, May/June). The Breakfast Club: Results of a study examining the effectiveness of a multi-modality group communication treatment. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.
126. Schacter, D. L. (1996). Searching for memory. New York: Basic Books, Harper Collins.
127. Schacter, D. L., Rich, S. A., & Stampp, M. S. (1985). Remediation of memory disorders: Experimental evaluation of the spaced-retrieval technique. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 7, 79-96.
128. Schacter, D. L., & Tulving, E. (Eds.). (1994). Memory systems. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
129. Snowdon, D. A., Grenier, L. H., Mortimer, J. A., Riley, K. P., & Markesbery, W. R. (1997). Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease. The Nun study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 277, 813-817.
130. Spinnler, H., Della Sala, S., Bandera, R., & Baddeley, A. D. (1988). Dementia, aging, and the structure of human memory. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 5, 193-211.
131. Squire, L. R. (1994). Priming and multiple memory systems: Perceptual mechanisms of implicit memory. In D. L. Schacter & E. Tulving (Eds.), Memory systems. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
132. Stokes, T. F., & Baer, D. M. (1977). An implicit technology of generalization. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 349-367.
133. Thompson, C. K. (1989). Generalization in the treatment of aphasia. In L. V. McReynolds & J. Spradlin (Eds.), Generalization strategies in the treatment of communication disorders. Lewiston, NY: B.C. Decker.
134. Tiraboschi, P., Salmon, D. J., Hansen, L. A., Hofstetter, R. C., Thal, L. J., & Corey-Bloom, J. (2006). What best differentiates Lewy body from Alzheimer's disease in early-stage dementia? Brain, 129, 729-735.
135. Tison, F., Dartigues, J. F., Auriacombe, S., Letenneur, I., Boller, F., & Alperovitch, A. (1995). Dementia in Parkinson's disease: A population based study in ambulatory and institutionalized individuals. Neurology, 45, 705-708.
136. Tomlinson, B. E. (1982). Plaques, tangles, and Alzheimer's disease. Psychological Medicine, 12, 449-459.
137. Tomoeda, C. K., & Bayles, K. A. (1993). Longitudinal effects of Alzheimer disease on discourse production. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 7(4), 223-236.
138. Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of episodic memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
139. Uylings, H. B. M., & de Brabander, J. M. (2002). Neuronal changes in normal human aging and Alzheimer's disease. Brain and Cognition, 49, 268-276.
140. Van der Flier, W. M., & Scheltens, P. (2005). Epidemiology and risk factors of dementia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 76, 2-7.
141. Vanhalle, C., Van der Linden, M., Belleville, S., & Gilbert, B. (1998). Putting names on faces: Use of a spaced-retrieval strategy in a patient with dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, 8(4), 17-21.
142. Warrington, E. K. (1975). The selective impairment of semantic memory. The Quarterly of Experimental Psychology, 27, 635-657.
143. Wilson, B. A., Baddeley, A., Evans, J., & Shiel, A. (1994). Errorless learning in the rehabilitation of memory impaired people. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 4(3), 307-326.
144. Wilson, R. S., Rosenbaum, G., & Brown, G. (1979). The problem of premorbid intelligence in neuropsychological assessment. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1, 49-53.
145. Winter, J., & Hunkin, N. M. (1999). Re-learning in Alzheimer's disease [Letter to Editor]. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 983-990.
146. World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, disability and health (ICF). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
147. Zanetti, O., Binetti, G., Magni, E., Rozzini, L., Bianchetti, A., & Trabucchi, M. (1997). Procedural memory stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: Impact of a training program. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 95, 152-157.
148. Zientz, J., Rackley, A., Chapman, S. B., Hopper, T., Mahendra, N., Kim, E. S., Cleary, S. (2007). Evidence-based practice recommendations for dementia: Educating caregivers on Alzheimer's disease and training communication strategies. Journal of Medical Speech Language Pathology, 15(1), liii-lxiv.