How Do Perceived Descriptive Norms Influence Indoor Tanning Intentions? An Application of the Theory of Normative Social Behavior

Health Communication

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 230-239

  Carcioppolo, Nick ^a   Orrego Dunleavy, Victoria ^a   Yang, Qinghua ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EXPECTATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEATHER INDUSTRY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; THEORETICAL MODEL; UNIVERSITY STUDENT; ADOLESCENT; BEHAVIOR; PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL NORM; SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY; SUNBATHING; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; HUMANS; INTENTION; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; SOCIAL NORMS; SOCIAL THEORY; SUNBATHING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84969822526     PISSN: 10410236     EISSN: 15327027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2015.1120697     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G., (1991). Multiple regression:Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
2. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W., (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice:A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411–423. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
3. Bagdasarov, Z., Banerjee, S., Greene, K., & Campo, S., (2008). Indoor tanning and problem behavior. Journal of American College Health, 56, 555–562. doi:10.3200/JACH.56.5.555-562
4. Bandura, A., (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
5. Banerjee, S. C., Greene, K., Bagdasarov, Z., & Campo, S., (2009). ‘My friends love to tan’:Examining sensation seeking and the mediating role of association with friends who use tanning beds on tanning bed use intentions. Health Education Research, 24, 989–998. doi:10.1093/her/cyp035
6. Boniol, M., Autier, P., Boyle, P., & Gandini, S., (2012). Cutaneous melanoma attributable to sunbed use:Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 345, e4757. doi:10.1136/bmj.e4757
7. Borsari, B. E., & Carey, K. B., (1999). Understanding fraternity drinking:Five recurring themes in the literature, 1980–1998. Journal of American College Health, 48, 30–37. doi:10.1080/07448489909595669
8. Broadstock, M., Borland, R., & Gason, R., (1992). Effects of suntan on judgements of healthiness and attractiveness by adolescents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 157–172. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01527.x
9. Cafri, G., Thompson, J. K., Roehrig, M., Van Den Berg, P., Jacobsen, P. B., & Stark, S., (2006). An investigation of appearance motives for tanning:The development and evaluation of the Physical Appearance Reasons For Tanning Scale (PARTS) and its relation to sunbathing and indoor tanning intentions. Body Image, 3, 199–209. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.05.002
10. Carcioppolo, N., Chudnovskaya, E. V., Martinez Gonzalez, A., & Stephan, T., (2014). In-group rationalizations of risk and indoor tanning:A textual analysis of an online forum. Public Understanding of Science (Early View). doi:10.1177/0963662514564930
11. Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A., (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct:Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1015–1026. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015
12. Colantonio, S., Bracken, M. B., & Beecker, J., (2014). The association of indoor tanning and melanoma in adults:Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 70, 847–857. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.11.050.
13. Cust, A. E., Armstrong, B. K., Goumas, C., Jenkins, M. A., Schmid, H., Hopper, J. L., … Mann, G. J., (2011). Sunbed use during adolescence and early adulthood is associated with increased risk of early-onset melanoma. International Journal of Cancer, 128, 2425–2435. doi:10.1002/ijc.25576
14. Davis, A., Peterson, J. A., Short, M. J., & Skinner, M., (2004). Youth attitudes on the use of tanning beds:A report on the results of focus groups with high school students in the KFL&A Health Unit area. Retrieved from http://www.kflapublichealth.ca/Files/Reports/Youth_attitudes_on_the_use_of_tanning_beds-2004.pdf
15. DeJong, W., Schneider, S. K., Towvim, L. G., Murphy, M. J., Doerr, E. E., Simonsen, N. R., & Scribner, R. A., (2003). A multisite randomized trial of social norms marketing campaigns to reduce college student drinking:A replication failure. Substance Abuse, 30, 127–140. doi:10.1080/08897070902802059
16. Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S., Flint, K. H., Hawkins, J., & Wechsler, H., (2012). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, D.C.), 61(4), 1–162.
17. Festinger, L., (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA:Stanford University Press.
18. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I., (2010). Predicting and changing behavior:The reasoned action approach. New York, NY:Taylor & Francis.
19. Fitzpatrick, T. B., (1975). Soleil et peau. Journal of Medical Esthetics, 2, 33–34.
20. Geller, A. C., Colditz, G., Oliviera, S., Emmons, K., Jorgensen, C., Aweh, G. N., & Frzaier, A. 1. L., (2002). Use of sunscreen, sunburning rates, and tanning bed use among more than 10,000 US children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 109, 1009–1014. doi:10.1542/peds.109.6.1009
21. Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Lane, D. J., Mahler, H. I. M., & Kulik, J. A., (2005). Using UV photography to reduce use of tanning booths:A test of cognitive mediation. Health Psychology, 24(4), 358–363. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.358
22. Greene, K., & Brinn, L. S., (2003). Messages influencing college women’s tanning bed use:Statistical versus narrative evidence format and a self-assessment to increase perceived susceptibility. Journal of Health Communication, 8, 443–461. doi:10.1080/713852118
23. Greene, K., Campo, S., & Banerjee, S., (2010). Comparing normative, anecdotal, and statistical risk evidence to discourage tanning bed use. Communication Quarterly, 58, 111–132. doi:10.1080/01463371003773366
24. Hayes, A., & Matthes, J., (2009). Computational procedures for probing interactions in OLS and logistic regression:SPSS and SAS implementations. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 924–936. doi:10.3758/BRM.41.3.924
25. Herzog, C. E., (2005). Overview of sarcomas in the adolescent and young adult population. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 27, 215–218. doi:10.1097/01.mph.0000161762.53175.e4
26. Hillhouse, J., Adler, C., Drinnon, J., & Turrisi, R., (1997). Application of Azjen’s theory of planned behavior to predict sunbathing, tanning salon use, and sunscreen use intentions and behaviors. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20, 365–378. doi:10.1023/A:1025517130513
27. Hillhouse, J., & Turrisi, R., (2002). Examination of the efficacy of an appearance-focused intervention to reduce UV exposure. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 25, 395–409. doi:10.1023/A:1015870516460
28. Hillhouse, J., Turrisi, R., Holwiski, F., & McVeigh, S., (1999). An examination of psychological variables relevant to artificial tanning tendencies. Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 507–516. doi:10.1177/135910539900400405
29. Hillhouse, J., Turrisi, R., & Shields, A. L., (2007). Patterns of indoor tanning use:Implications for clinical interventions. Archives of Dermatology, 143, 1530–1535. doi:10.1001/archderm.143.12.1530
30. Hillhouse, J., Turrisi, R., Stapleton, J., & Robinson, J., (2008). A randomized controlled trial of an appearance-focused intervention to prevent skin cancer. Cancer, 113, 3257–3266. doi:10.1002/cncr.23922
31. Hillhouse, J. J., Turrisi, R., & Kastner, M., (2000). Modeling tanning salon behavioral tendencies using appearance motivation, self-monitoring and the theory of planned behavior. Health Education Research, 15, 405–414. doi:10.1093/her/15.4.405
32. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M., (1999). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling:Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3, 424–453. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.83
33. Hunt, Y., Augustson, E., Rutten, L., Moser, R., & Yaroch, A., (2012). History and culture of tanning in the United States. In C. J., Heckman & S. L., Manne (Eds.), Shedding light on indoor tanning, 5–31. New York, NY:Springer.
34. Keck, S. A., & Bunton, P., (2007, April). Does the awareness of the health risks from tanning differ in an 18-30 year-old age group compared to a 31–55 year-old age group? Proceedings of the 3rd Annual GRASP Symposium, 113–114, Wichita State University, Wichita, KA.
35. Kline, R. B., (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York, NY:Guilford Press.
36. Lapinski, M. K., Maloney, E. K., Braz, M., & Shulman, H. C., (2013). Testing the effects of social norms and behavioral privacy on hand washing:A field experiment. Human Communication Research, 39, 21–46. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2012.01441.x
37. Lapinski, M. K., & Rimal, R. N., (2005). An explication of social norms. Communication Theory, 15, 127–147. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00329.x
38. Lazovich, D., Vogel, R. I., Berwick, M., Weinstock, M. A., Anderson, K. E., & Warshaw, E. M., (2010). Indoor tanning and risk of melanoma:A case-control study in a highly exposed population. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 19, 1557–1568. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-1249
39. MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J., (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect:Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 99–128. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4
40. Noar, S. M., Myrick, J., Morales-Pico, B., & Thomas, N. E., (2014). Development and validation of the comprehensive indoor tanning expectations scale. JAMA Dermatology, 150, 512–521. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.9086
41. Palmer, R., Mayer, J., Woodruff, S., Eckhardt, L., & Sallis, J., (2002). Indoor tanning facility density in eighty U.S. cities. Journal of Community Health, 27, 191–202. doi:10.1023/A:1015202023512
42. Park, H. S., Klein, K. A., Smith, S., & Martell, D., (2009). Separating subjective norms, university descriptive and injunctive norms, and U.S. descriptive and injunctive norms for drinking behavior intentions. Health Communication, 24, 746–751. doi:10.1080/10410230903265912
43. Park, H. S., & Smith, S. W., (2007). Distinctiveness and influence of subjective norms, personal descriptive and injunctive norms, and societal descriptive and injunctive norms on behavioral intent:A case of two behaviors critical to organ donation. Human Communication Research, 33, 194–218. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00296_2.x
44. Poorsattar, S. P., & Hornung, R. L., (2007). UV light abuse and high-risk tanning behavior among undergraduate college students. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 56, 375–379. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2006.08.064
45. Quinn, M., Alamian, A., Hillhouse, J., Scott, C., Turrisi, Baker, K., & Turrisi, R., (2015). Prevalence and correlates of indoor tanning and sunless tanning product use among female teens in the United States. Preventive Medicine Reports, 2, 40–43. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2014.12.004
46. Real, K., & Rimal, R. N., (2007). Friends talk to friends about drinking:Exploring the role of peer communication in the theory of normative social behavior. Health Communication, 22, 169–180. doi:10.1080/10410230701454254
47. Rimal, R., (2008). Modeling the relationship between descriptive norms and behaviors:A test and extension of the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB). Health Communication, 23, 103–116. doi:10.1080/10410230801967791
48. Rimal, R. N., & Real, K., (2005). How behaviors are influenced by perceived norms. Communication Research, 32, 389–414. doi:10.1177/009360205275385
49. Stapleton, J., Turrisi, R., & Hillhouse, J., (2008). Peer crowd identification and indoor artificial UV tanning behavioral tendencies. Journal of Health Psychology, 13, 940–945. doi:10.1177/1359105308095068
50. Swerdlow, A. J., & Weinstock, M. A., (1998). Do tanning lamps cause melanoma? An epidemiologic assessment. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 38, 89–98. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70544-4
51. Tajfel, H., (1981). Social stereotypes and social groups. In J. C., Turner & H., Giles (Eds.), Intergroup behavior (pp. 144–167). Oxford, UK:Blackwell.
52. Turrisi, R., Hillhouse, J., Gebert, C., & Grimes, J., (1999). Examination of cognitive variables relevant to sunscreen use. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 22, 493–509. doi:10.1023/A:1018609524523
53. Weinstein, N., (1989). Optimistic biases about personal risks. Science, 246, 1232–1233. doi:10.1126/science.2686031
54. Zhang, M., Qureshi, A. A., Geller, A. C., Frazier, L., Hunter, D. J., & Han, J., (2012). Use of tanning beds and incidence of skin cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 30, 1588–1593. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.39.3652