Statin prescribing among hypertensive patients in southwest Nigeria: Findings and implications for the future

Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 281-288

  Akunne, Onyinye Onyeka ^a   Godman, Brian ^b,c   Adedapo, Aduragbenro Deborah ^a   Truter, Ilse ^d   Fadare, Joseph ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN   (Nigeria)

^b KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^c UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE   (United Kingdom)

^d NELSON MANDELA METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^e EKITI STATE UNIVERSITY   (Nigeria)

Author keywords

costs; generics; hypertension; Nigeria; statins

Indexed keywords

ATORVASTATIN; FLUINDOSTATIN; GENERIC DRUG; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; HEPTANOIC ACID DERIVATIVE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; PYRROLE DERIVATIVE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; COMORBIDITY; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DRUG COST; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NIGERIA; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; HEPTANOIC ACIDS; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; NIGERIA; PRACTICE PATTERNS, PHYSICIANS'; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PYRROLES; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84969820482     PISSN: 20426305     EISSN: 20426313     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/cer.15.65     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Modesti PA, Agostoni P, Agyemang C et al. Cardiovascular risk assessment in low-resource settings: A consensus document of the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk in Low Resource Settings. J. Hypertens. 32(5), 951-960 (2014).
2. Volpe M, Tocci G. 2007 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of hypertension, from theory to practice: global cardiovascular risk concept. J. Hypertens. 27(3 Suppl. ), S3-S11 (2009).
3. Kaplan W, Wirtz V, Mantel-Teeuwisse A, Stolk P, Duthey B, Laing R. Priority medicines for Europe and the World 2013 update report. www. who. int/medicines/areas
4. Wachtell K, Devereux RB, Lyle PA, Okin PM, Gerdts E. The left atrium, atrial fibrillation, and the risk of stroke in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Ther. Adv. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2(6), 507-513 (2008).
5. Ferdinand KC, Kleinpeter MA. Management of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 8(6), 489-496 (2006).
6. Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 129(25 Suppl. 2), S1-S45 (2014).
7. Klose G, Beil FU, Dieplinger H et al. New AHA and ACC guidelines on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk. Wien Klin. Wochenschr. 126(5-6), 169-175 (2014).
8. Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur. Heart J. 33(13), 1635-1701 (2012).
9. Koh KK, Quon MJ, Waclawiw MA. Are statins effective for simultaneously treating dyslipidemias and hypertension? Atherosclerosis 196(1), 1-8 (2008).
10. King DE, Mainous AG, Egan BM, Player M, Geesey ME. Use of statins and blood pressure. Am. J. Hypertens. 20(9), 937-941 (2007).
11. Morgado M, Rolo S, Macedo AF, Castelo-Branco M. Association of statin therapy with blood pressure control in hypertensive hypercholesterolemic outpatients in clinical practice. J. Cardiovasc. Dis. Res. 2(1), 44-49 (2011).
12. Leibovitz E, Hazanov N, Zimlichman R, Shargorodsky M, Gavish D. Treatment with atorvastatin improves small artery compliance in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. Am. J. Hypertens. 14(11 Pt 1), 1096-1098 (2001).
13. Ferrier KE, Muhlmann MH, Baguet JP et al. Intensive cholesterol reduction lowers blood pressure and large artery stiffness in isolated systolic hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 39(6), 1020-1025 (2002).
14. Haug C, Schmid-Kotsas A, Zorn U et al. Endothelin-1 synthesis and endothelin B receptor expression in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells and monocyte-derived macrophages is up-regulated by low density lipoproteins. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 33(9), 1701-1712 (2001).
15. Tycinska AM, Janica J, Mroczko B et al. Hypotensive effect of atorvastatin in hypertensive patients: the association among flow-mediated dilation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Arch. Med. Sci. 7(6), 955-962 (2011).
16. Nickenig G, Baumer AT, Temur Y, Kebben D, Jockenhovel F, Bohm M. Statin-sensitive dysregulated AT1 receptor function and density in hypercholesterolemic men. Circulation 100(21), 2131-2134 (1999).
17. Wassmann S, Laufs U, Baumer AT et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors improve endothelial dysfunction in normocholesterolemic hypertension via reduced production of reactive oxygen species. Hypertension 37(6), 1450-1457 (2001).
18. Weng TC, Yang YH, Lin SJ, Tai SH. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the therapeutic equivalence of statins. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 35(2), 139-151 (2010).
19. Usher-Smith J, Ramsbottom T, Pearmain H, Kirby M. Evaluation of the clinical outcomes of switching patients from atorvastatin to simvastatin and losartan to candesartan in a primary care setting: 2 years on. Int. J. Clin. Prac. 62(3), 480-484 (2008).
20. Corrao G, Soranna D, Arfe A et al. Are generic and brandname statins clinically equivalent? Evidence from a real data-base. Euro. J. Int. Med. 25(8), 745-750 (2014).
21. Sakshaug S, Furu K, Karlstad O, Ronning M, Skurtveit S. Switching statins in Norway after new reimbursement policy: A nationwide prescription study. Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 64(4), 476-481 (2007).
22. Godman B, Bishop I, Finlayson AE, Campbell S, Kwon HY, Bennie M. Reforms and initiatives in Scotland in recent years to encourage the prescribing of generic drugs, their influence and implications for other countries. Expert Rev. Pharmacoecon. Outcomes Res. 13(4), 469-482 (2013).
23. Godman B, Wettermark B, Hoffmann M, Andersson K, Haycox A, Gustafsson LL. Multifaceted national and regional drug reforms and initiatives in ambulatory care in Sweden: global relevance. Expert Rev. Pharmacoecon. Outcomes Res. 9(1), 65-83 (2009).
24. Woerkom M, Piepenbrink H, Godman B et al. Ongoing measures to enhance the efficiency of prescribing of proton pump inhibitors and statins in The Netherlands: influence and future implications. J. Comp. Eff. Res. 1(6), 527-538 (2012).
25. Onwujekwe O, Hanson K, Ichoku H, Uzochukwu B. Financing incidence analysis of household out-of-pocket spending for healthcare: getting more health for money in Nigeria? Int. J. Health Plann. Manage. 29(2), e174-e185 (2014).
26. Onah MN, Govender V. Out-of-pocket payments, health care access and utilisation in South-Eastern Nigeria: A gender perspective. PLoS ONE 9(4), e93887 (2014).
27. Ewelukwa O, Onoka C, Onwujekwe O. Viewing health expenditures, payment and coping mechanisms with an equity lens in Nigeria. BMC Health Serv. Res. 13, 87 (2013).
28. Odeyemi IA, Nixon J. Assessing equity in health care through the national health insurance schemes of Nigeria and Ghana: A review-based comparative analysis. Int. J. Equity Health 12, 9 (2013).
29. Ezenduka C, Ubochi V, Ogbonna B. The utilization pattern and costs analysis of psychotropic drugs at a neuropsychiatric hospital in Nigeria. Brit. J. Pharm. Res. 4(3), 325-337 (2014).
30. Shrank WH, Hoang T, Ettner SL et al. The implications of choice: prescribing generic or preferred pharmaceuticals improves medication adherence for chronic conditions. Arch. Intern. Med. 166(3), 332-337 (2006).
31. National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Guidelines for registration of drugs and related products manufactured in Nigeria (2014). www. nafdac. gov. ng/index. php
32. Standard treatment guidelines for Nigeria. First Edition Abuja 2008. Federal Ministry of Health in collaboration with WHO, EC & DFID. Abuja, Nigeria (2008). www. nafdac. gov. ng/images
33. Garuoliene K, Godman B, Gulbinovic J, Wettermark B, Haycox A. European countries with small populations can obtain low prices for drugs: Lithuania as a case history. Expert Rev. Pharmacoecon. Outcomes Res. 11(3), 343-349 (2011).
34. Simoens S. A review of generic medicine pricing in Europe. GaBI J. 1(1), 8-12 (2012).
35. Godman B, Shrank W, Wettermark B et al. Use of generics-a critical cost containment measure for all healthcare professionals in Europe. Pharmaceuticals 3(8), 2470-2494 (2010).
36. Godman B, Ezenduka C, Bennie M, Persson M, Wladysiuk M, Barbui C. Barriers to the optimal use of pharmacotherapy to manage depression and schizophrenia: implications and future direction. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 115(Suppl. 1), 180 (2014).
37. Fadare JO, Adeoti AO, Desalu OO, Enwere OO et al. The prescribing of generic medicines in Nigeria: knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of physicians. Expert Rev. Pharmacoecon. Outcomes Res. doi:10. 1586/14737167. 2016. 11 20673 (2015).
38. Godman B, Bishop I, Campbell SM, Malmstrom RE, Truter I. Quality and efficiency of statin prescribing across countries with a special focus on South Africa; findings and future implications. Expert Rev. Pharmacoecon. Outcomes Res 15(2), 323-330 (2015).
39. Feely J, Bennett K. Epidemiology and economics of statin use. Irish Med. J. 101(6), 188-191 (2008).
40. Opie LH, Dalby AJ. Cardiovascular prevention: lifestyle and statins-competitors or companions? S. Afr. Med. J. 104(3), 168-173 (2014).
41. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 366(9493), 1267-1278 (2005).
42. World Health Organization. Introduction to Drug Utilisation Research. WHO International Working Group for Drug Statistics Methodology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Utilization Research and Clinical Pharmacological Services. ISBN 92 4 156234 X (NLM classification: WB 330). www. who. int/medicines/areas
43. Vlahovic-Palcevski V, Gantumur M, Radosevic N, Palcevski G, Vander Stichele R. Coping with changes in the defined daily dose in a longitudinal drug consumption database. Pharm. World Sci. 32(2), 125-129 (2010).
44. Mantel-Teeuwisse AK, Klungel OH, Schalekamp T, Verschuren WM, Porsius AJ, de Boer A. Suboptimal choices and dosing of statins at start of therapy. Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 60(1), 83-89 (2005).
45. Civaner M. Sale strategies of pharmaceutical companies in a "pharmerging" country: the problems will not improve if the gaps remain. Health Pol. 106(3), 225-232 (2012).
46. Godman B, Wettermark B, van Woerkom M et al. Multiple policies to enhance prescribing efficiency for established medicines in Europe with a particular focus on demand-side measures: findings and future implications. Front. Pharmacol. 5, 106 (2014).
47. Baumgärtel C. Myths, questions, facts about generic drugs in the EU. GaBI J. 1(1), 34-38 (2012).
48. McGinn D, Godman B, Lonsdale J, Way R, Wettermark B, Haycox A. Initiatives to enhance the quality and efficiency of statin and PPI prescribing in the UK: impact and implications. Expert Rev. Pharmacoecon. Outcomes Res. 10(1), 73-85 (2010).