Change in body mass index associated with lowest mortality in Denmark, 1976-2013

JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association

Volumn 315, Issue 18, 2016, Pages 1989-1996

  Afzal, Shoaib ^a,b,c   Tybjærg Hansen, Anne ^a,b,c,d   Jensen, Gorm B ^d   Nordestgaard, Børge G ^a,b,d  

^a GENTOFTE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b Rigshospitalet   (Denmark)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^d FREDERIKSBERG HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CAUSE OF DEATH; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENMARK; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASM; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; TRENDS; VERY ELDERLY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS INDEX; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CAUSE OF DEATH; COHORT STUDIES; DENMARK; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASMS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS;

EID: 84968799888     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: 15383598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.4666     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Greenberg JA. Correcting biases in estimates of mortality attributable to obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006;14(11):2071-2079.
2. Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Impact of smoking and preexisting illness on estimates of the fractions of deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity in the US population. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;166(8):975-982.
3. Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Cooper RS. Reverse causation and illness-related weight loss in observational studies of body weight and mortality. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173(1):1-9.
4. Berrington de Gonzalez A, Hartge P, Cerhan JR, et al. Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(23): 2211-2219.
5. Boggs DA, Rosenberg L, Cozier YC, et al. General and abdominal obesity and risk of death among black women. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(10):901-908.
6. Flegal KM, Kit BK, Orpana H, Graubard BI. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013;309(1):71-82.
7. Jee SH, Sull JW, Park J, et al. Body-mass index and mortality in Korean men and women. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(8):779-787.
8. Pischon T, Boeing H, Hoffmann K, et al. General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(20):2105-2120.
9. Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, et al; Prospective Studies Collaboration. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet. 2009;373(9669):1083-1096.
10. Winter JE, MacInnis RJ, Wattanapenpaiboon N, Nowson CA. BMI and all-cause mortality in older adults: ameta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99(4): 875-890.
11. Zheng W, McLerran DF, Rolland B, et al. Association between body-mass index and risk of death in more than 1million Asians. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(8):719-729.
12. Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Cadwell BL, et al. Secular trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in US adults. JAMA. 2005;293(15):1868-1874.
13. Mehta NK, Chang VW. Secular declines in the association between obesity and mortality in the United States. Popul Dev Rev. 2011;37(3):435-451.
14. Su D. Body mass index and old-age survival: a comparative study between the Union Army Records and the NHANES-I Epidemiological Follow-Up Sample. Am J Hum Biol. 2005;17(3):341-354.
15. Nordestgaard BG, Palmer TM, Benn M, et al. The effect of elevated body mass index on ischemic heart disease risk: causal estimates from a Mendelian randomisation approach. PLoS Med. 2012;9(5):e1001212.
16. Zacho J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Jensen JS, Grande P, Sillesen H, Nordestgaard BG. Genetically elevated C-reactive protein and ischemic vascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(18):1897-1908.
17. Pedersen CB. The Danish Civil Registration System. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7)(suppl): 22-25.
18. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-report-full-en.pdf. Accessed March 26, 2015.
19. Fall T, Hägg S, Mägi R, et al; European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology (ENGAGE) consortium. The role of adiposity in cardiometabolic traits: a Mendelian randomization analysis. PLoS Med. 2013;10(6):e1001474.
20. Lu Y, Hajifathalian K, Ezzati M, Woodward M, Rimm EB, Danaei G; Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Collaboration (BMI Mediated Effects). Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: a pooled analysis of 97 prospective cohorts with 1.8million participants. Lancet. 2014;383 (9921):970-983.
21. Timpson NJ, Harbord R, Davey Smith G, Zacho J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG. Does greater adiposity increase blood pressure and hypertension risk? Mendelian randomization using the FTO/MC4R genotype. Hypertension. 2009;54 (1):84-90.
22. Varbo A, Benn M, Smith GD, Timpson NJ, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG. Remnant cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure as mediators from obesity to ischemic heart disease. Circ Res. 2015;116(4):665-673.
23. Afzal S, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG. Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of tobacco-related cancer. Clin Chem. 2013;59(5):771-780.
24. Madsen M, Davidsen M, Rasmussen S, Abildstrom SZ, Osler M. The validity of the diagnosis of acutemyocardial infarction in routine statistics: a comparison of mortality and hospital discharge data with the Danish MONICA registry. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56(2):124-130.
25. Asnaes S. Uncertainty of determining mode and cause of death without autopsy: an autopsy study of medically unattended non-medicolegal deaths. Forensic Sci Int. 1980;15(3):191-196.
26. Afzal S, Brøndum-Jacobsen P, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG. Genetically low vitamin D concentrations and increased mortality: Mendelian randomisation analysis in three large cohorts. BMJ. 2014;349:g6330.
27. Durrleman S, Simon R. Flexible regression models with cubic splines. Stat Med. 1989;8(5):551-561.
28. Akaike H. Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In: Parzen E, Tanabe K, Kitagawa G, eds. Selected Papers of Hirotugu Akaike. New York, NY: Springer; 1998:199-213.
29. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7(3):177-188.
30. DiCiccio TJ, Efron B. Bootstrap confidence intervals. Stat Sci. 1996;11(3):189-212.
31. Mehta T, Fontaine KR, Keith SW, et al. Obesity and mortality: are the risks declining? evidence from multiple prospective studies in the United States. Obes Rev. 2014;15(8):619-629.
32. Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA. 2005;293(15):1861-1867.
33. Flegal KM, Kit BK, Graubard BI. Body mass index categories in observational studies of weight and risk of death. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180(3):288-296.
34. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry [Technical Report Series No. 854]. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/childgrowth/publications/physical-status/en/. Accessed April 18, 2016.
35. Deaths and life expectancy. Statistics Denmark. https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/doedsfald-og-middellevetid/doedsfald#. Accessed March 8, 2016.
36. The National Health Profile [in Danish]. Danish Health Authority. http://proxy.danskernessundhed.dk/SASVisualAnalyticsViewer/VisualAnalyticsViewer-guest.jsp?reportName =Overvaegt&reportPath=/Danskernes-sundhed/. Accessed March 8, 2016.