Who belongs? exploring race and racialization in Canada

Race, Racialization and Antiracism in Canada and Beyond

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 151-178

  Taylor, Leanne ^a   James, Carl E ^a   Saul, Roger ^a  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84966891775     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (84)

1. Court of Appeal for British Columbia, 2000, 167, http://www.courts.gov.bc.ca/jdb- txt/ca/00/01/c00-0167.htm.
2. L. Hill, ‘Sadly, Colour Has to Count When Parents Fight for Custody,’ Globe and Mail, 14 June 2001, A17.
3. J. Tibbets, ‘Boy Needs Black Culture: Father,’ National Post, 15 June 2001, A1, A8.
4. P. Williams, The Alchemy of Race and Rights: Diary of a Law Professor (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991);
5. L. Hill, Black Berry Sweet Juice: Growing up Black and White in Canada (Toronto: HarperCollins, 2001).
6. S. Bannerji, ed., Returning the Gaze: Essays on Racism, Feminism, and Politics (Toronto: Sister Vision, 1993);
7. C.E. James, Seeing Ourselves: Exploring Race, Ethnicity, and Culture (Toronto: Thompson, 2003).
8. F. Haney Lopez, ‘The Social Construction of Race,’ in Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge, ed. R. Delgado and J. Stefancic (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000), 163-75;
9. M. Omi and H. Winant, Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1980s (New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986);
10. C. West, Race Matters (New York: Vintage, 1994).
11. M. Castagna and GJ.S. Dei, ‘An Historical Overview of the Application of the Race Concept,’ in Anti-Racist Feminism: Critical Race and Gender Studies, ed. A. Calliste and G.J.S. Dei (Halifax: Fernwood, 2000);
12. R. Miles and R. Torres, ‘Does “Race” Matter? Transatlantic Perspectives on Racism after “Race Relations,”’ in Re-Situating Identities: The Politics of Race, Ethnicity and Culture
13. V. Amit-Talai and C. Knowles (Peterborough: Broadview, 1996); Racial Formation in the United States.
14. R. Delgado and J. Stefancic, ‘Introduction,’ in Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge, ed.
15. R. Delgado and J. Stefancic (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000), xvii. Bannerji, Returning the Gaze; Delgado and Stefancic, ‘Introduction’;
16. P. Essed, Everyday Racism: Reports from Women of Two Cultures (Claremont, CA: Hunter House, 1990);
17. F. Henry and C. Tator, The Colour of Democracy: Racism in Canadian Society, 3rd ed. (Toronto: Thomson Nelson, 2005);
18. R. Ng, ‘Racism, Sexism, and Nation Building in Canada,’ in Race, Identity, and Representation in Education, ed. C. McCarthy and W. Crichlow (New York: Routledge, 1993), 50-9;
19. V. Satzewich, ‘Race, Racism, and Racialization: Contested Concepts,’ in Racism and Social Inequality in Canada: Concepts, Controversies, and Strategies of Resistance, ed. V. Satzewich (Toronto: Thompson Educational, 1998), 25-46.
20. S. Hall, ‘New Ethnicities,’ in ‘Race,’ Culture, and Difference, ed. J. Donald and A. Rat- tansi (London: Sage, 1992), 255.
21. J.L. Elliot and A. Fleras, Unequal Relations: An Introduction to Race and Ethnic Dynamics in Canada (Scarborough, ON: Prentice-Hall, 1992), 55.
22. A. Calliste and G.J.S. Dei, eds., Anti-Racist Feminism: Critical Race and Gender Studies (Halifax: Fernwood, 2000); S. Razack, ed., Race, Space, and the Law: Unmapping a White Settler Society (Toronto: Between the Lines, 2002).
23. Haney Lopez, ‘The Social Construction of Race,’ 164;
24. D. Bell, ‘Property Rights in Whiteness: Their Legal Legacy, Their Economic Costs,’ in Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge, ed. R. Delgado and J. Stefancic (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000);
25. S. Razack, Looking White People in the Eye: Gender, Race, and Culture in the Courtrooms and Classrooms (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999).
26. S. Williams, The Alchemy of Race and Rights.
27. D. Essed, Everyday Racism;
28. N. Gotanda, ‘A Critique of “Our Constitution” in ColorBlind,’ in Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge, ed. R. Delgado and J. Stefancic (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000);
29. P. Williams, Seeing a Color-Blind Future: The Paradox of Race (New York: Noonday Press, 1997);
30. Vic Satzewich, Race, Racism, and Racialization: Contested Concepts, 25-46;
31. P. Williams, ‘Alchemical Notes: Reconstruction Ideals from Deconstructed Rights,’ in Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge, ed. R. Delgado and J. Stefancic (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000).
32. A. Appiah, ‘Racial Identity and Racial Identification,’ in Theories of Race and Racism: A Reader, ed. L. Back and J. Solomos (New York: Routledge, 2000), 609.
33. S. Hall, ‘Cultural Identity and Diaspora,’ in Identity, Community, Culture and Difference, ed. J. Rutherford (London: Lawrence Wishhart, 1990), 222.
34. S. Small, ‘Colour, Culture and Class: Interrogating Interracial Marriage and People of Mixed Racial Descent in the USA,’ in Rethinking ‘Mixed Race,’ ed. D. Parker and M. Song (London: Pluto, 2001), 120.
35. D. Small, ‘Colour, Culture and Class,’ 120-1.
36. F. Henry and C. Tator, The Colour of Democracy: Racism in Canadian Society (Toronto: Thomson Nelson, 2005);
37. E. Kallen, Ethnicity and Human Rights in Canada: A Human Rights Perspective on Ethnicity, Racism, and Systemic Inequality, 3rd ed. (Canada: Oxford University Press, 2003).
38. D. Srivastava, ‘Antiracism inside and outside the Classroom,’ in Dangerous Territories: Struggles for Difference and Equity in Education, ed. L. Roman and L. Eyre (New York: Routledge, 1997), 117.
39. V.R. Dominguez, ‘A Taste For “The Other.”’ Current Anthropology 35, no. 4 (1994): 334.
40. N. Zack, Race and Mixed Race (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993).
41. L. Harrison Jr., L. Azzarito, and J. Burden Jr, ‘Perceptions of Athletic Superiority: A View from the Other Side,’ Race, Ethnicity, and Education 7, no. 2 (2004): 149-66.
42. J. Frow and M. Morris, ‘Cultural Studies,’ in Handbook of Qualitative Research, ed. N.K. Denzin and Y.S. Lincoln (London: Sage, 2000), 315-46.
43. D. James, Seeing Ourselves, 243.
44. J. Jansen, ‘Problems and Issues in Post-War Immigration to Canada and Their effects on Origins and Characteristics of Immigrants,’ paper presented at Meetings of the Canadian Population Society, Dalhousie University, Halifax, June 1981.
45. E. James, Seeing Ourselves, 243.
46. S. Razack, Race, Space, and the Law, 4.
47. Singh Bolaria and P. Li, eds., Racial Oppression in Canada (Toronto: Garamond, 1988).
48. D. Jansen, ‘Problems and Issues,’ 19.
49. N. Kelly and M. Trebilcock, The Making of the Mosaic: A History of Canadian Immigration (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998), 144.
50. S. Henry and R. Tator, The Colour of Democracy;
51. C.E. James, ‘The Distorted Images of African Canadians: Impact, Implications, and Responses,’ in Globalization and Survival in the Black Diaspora, ed. C. Green (Albany: SUNY Press, 1997), 307-27;
52. A. Shadd, ‘Where Are You Really From? Notes of an “Immigrant” from North Buxton, Ontario,’ in Talking about Identity: Encounters in Race, Ethnicity and Language, ed. C. E. James and A. Shadd (Toronto: Between the Lines, 2001);
53. S. Wortley and J. Tanner, ‘Discrimination or “Good” Policing? The Racial Profiling Debate in Canada,’ Our Diverse Cities 1 (2004): 197-201;
54. R. Walcott, Black Like Who? Writing Black Canada (Toronto: Insomniac, 2003).
55. R. Walcott, Elusive Culture: Schooling, Race and Identity in Global Times (Albany: SUNY Press, 2000).
56. D. Hill, Black Berry, Sweet Juice
57. C.L. Harris, ‘Whiteness as Property,’ Harvard Law Review 106 (1993): 1707-91.
58. F. Furedi, ‘How Sociology Imagined “Mixed Race,”’ in Rethinking “Mixed Race,” ed.
59. D. Parker and M. Song (London: Pluto, 2001), 28.
60. L. Slaney, ‘The Process and Implications of Racialization: A Case Study,’ doctoral dissertation, Sociology and Equity Studies, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto, 2004.
61. M. Boler and M. Zembylas, ‘Discomforting Truths: The Emotional Terrain of Understanding Difference,’ in Pedagogies of difference: Re-Thinking Education for Social Change, ed. P.P. Trifonas (New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2003), 122.
62. L. Hill, ‘Zebra: Growing up Black and White in Canada,’ in Talking about Identity: Encounters in Race, Ethnicity, and Language, ed. C.E. James and A. Shadd (Toronto: Between the Lines, 2001);
63. L. Hill, ‘Black + White… Equals Black,’ Maclean’s, 27 August 2001, 16-20.
64. C. Camper, ed., Miscegenation Blues: Voices of Mixed Race Women (Toronto: Sister Vision, 1994);
65. L. Hill, Black Berry Sweet Juice;
66. M. Mahtani, “‘I’m a Blonde-Haired, Blue-Eyed Black Girl’’: Mapping Mobile Paradoxical Spaces among Multiethnic Women in Toronto, Canada,’ in Rethinking “Mixed Race,” ed. D. Parker and M. Song (London: Pluto, 2001), 173-90;
67. L. Taylor, ‘Black, White, Beige, Other? Memories of Growing Up Different,’ in Experiencing Difference, ed. C.E. James (Halifax: Fernwood, 2000).
68. K. Gosine, ‘Living between Stigma and Status: An Exploration of the Social Identities, Experiences, and Perceptions of High Achieving Black Canadians,’ Department of Graduate Studies in Sociology, York University, Toronto, 2005, 117.
69. L. Taylor, ‘Black, White, Beige, Other? Memories of Growing Up Different,’ in Experiencing Difference, ed. C.E. James (Halifax: Fernwood, 2000), 62.
70. T. Kennedy, ‘Mixed Emotions,’ Maclean’s, 27 August 2001, 23-4.
71. M. Jennings, ‘A Black Canadian Woman of Diverse Ethnic Origins,’ in Talking about Identity: Encounters in Race, Ethnicity, and Language, ed. C.E. James and A. Shadd (Toronto: Between the Lines, 2001), 146-8.
72. D. Mahtani, ‘“I’m a Blonde-Haired, Blue-Eyed Black Girl,”’ 173-90.
73. D. Taylor, ‘Black, White, Biege, Other?’
74. S. James, Seeing Ourselves, 45-50.
75. J. Mannette, ‘My Dearest Child,’ in Rude: Contemporary Black Canadian Cultural Criticism, ed. R. Walcott (Toronto: Insomniac, 2000).
76. A.M. Aikins, ‘My Son’s Black Heritage,’ Mackan’s, 19 February 2001, 17.
77. J. Lazarre, Beyond the Whiteness of Whiteness: Memoir of a White Mother of Black Sons (Durham: Duke University Press, 1996);
78. M. Reddy, Crossing the Color Line: Race, Parenting, and Culture (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1994).
79. P. Spickard, ‘The Subject is Mixed Race: The Boom in Biracial Biography,’ in Rethinking “Mixed Race,” ed. D. Parker and M. Song (London: Pluto, 2001), 76-98.
80. L. Funderburg, Black, White, Other: Biracial Americans Talk about Race and Identity (New York: William Morrow, 1994).
81. L. Mengel, ‘Triples - The Social Evolution of a Multiracial Panethnicity: The Asian American Perspective,’ in Rethinking “Mixed Race,” ed. D. Parker and M. Song (London: Pluto, 2001), 99-116.
82. J. Ifekwunigwe, ‘Re-Membering “Race”: On Gender, “Mixed Race,” and Family in the English-African Diaspora,’ in Rethinking “Mixed Race,” ed. D. Parker and M. Song (London: Pluto, 2001), 42-64.
83. M. Mahtani, ‘Interrogating the Hyphen-Nation: Canadian Multicultural Policy and “Mixed-Race” Identities,’ Social Identities 8, no. 1 (2002): 67-90.
84. P. Williams, Seeing a Colour-Blind Future: The Paradox of Race (New York: Noonday, 1997), 54.