Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short-term catheterisation in hospitalised adults

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2015, Issue 12, 2015, Pages

  Kidd, Emily A ^a   Stewart, Fiona ^a   Kassis, Nadine C ^b   Hom, Emily ^c   Omar, Muhammad Imran ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^b Toledo Clinic Urogynecology   (United States)

^c SCOTT AND WHITE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA; BLADDER DYSFUNCTION; CATHETER OCCLUSION; CATHETER REMOVAL; COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; EPIDIDYMITIS; FEVER; HEMATURIA; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; INTERMITTENT CATHETERIZATION; LENGTH OF STAY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PAIN; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PYURIA; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SUPRAPUBIC CATHETERIZATION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT DURATION; URETHRA STENOSIS; URETHRAL CATHETERIZATION; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; ADVERSE EFFECTS; AGED; ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTION; BACTERIURIA; BLADDER CATHETERIZATION; DRAINAGE; FEMALE; INDWELLING CATHETER; MALE; META ANALYSIS; MIDDLE AGED; PROCEDURES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); STANDARDS; URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS;

ADULT; AGED; ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTIONS; BACTERIURIA; CATHETERS, INDWELLING; DRAINAGE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; URINARY CATHETERIZATION; URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS;

EID: 84965188272     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004203.pub3     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Ahmed MS. Urinary tract infection in relation to pre-operative catheterization: suprapubic versus urethral catheters. Pakistan Journal of Surgery 1993;9(2):43-8. [sr-incont35911]
2. Andersen JT, Heisterberg L, Hebjorn S, Petersen K, Stampe Sorensen S, Fischer-Rasmussen W, et al. Suprapubic versus transurethral bladder drainage after colposuspension/vaginal repair. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1985;64(2):139-43. [sr-incont616]
3. Baan AH, Vermeulen H, Van der Meulen J, Bossuyt P, Olszyna D, Gouma DJ. The effect of suprapubic catheterization versus transurethral catheterization after abdominal surgery on urinary tract infection: a randomized controlled trial. Digestive Surgery 2003;20(4):290-5. [sr-incont23330]
4. Barents JW, Dankert J, Ilic P, Laanbroek HJ, De Vries H. The indwelling catheter in gynecology and the development of bacteriuria; a comparative study of patients with the transurethral and the suprapubic catheter. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 1978;122(36):1321-7. [sr-incont7620]
5. Barry M, Gillen P, McNicholas M, Travnor O, Hyland J. A prospective, randomized controlled trial of urethral vs. suprapubic bladder catheterisation in abdominal surgery (Abstract number 69). Irish Journal of Medical Science 1992;161(8):540. [18538]
6. Bergman A, Matthews L, Ballard CA, Roy S. Suprapubic versus transurethral bladder drainage after surgery for stress urinary incontinence. Obstetrics and Gynecology 1987;69(4):546-9. [sr-incont551]
7. Botsios D, Demetriades C, Goulimaris I, Kanellos I, Dadoukis I. Suprapubic percutaneous cystostomy versus urethral catheterisation in abdominal surgery. A prospective randomised controlled study. Digestive Surgery 1997;14:404-8. [sr-incont6768]
8. Carpiniello VL, Cendron M, Altman HG, Malloy TR, Booth R. Treatment of urinary complications after total joint replacement in elderly females. Urology 1988;32(3):186-8. [sr-incont1179]
9. Dixon L, Dolan M, Brown K, Hilton P. RCT of urethral versus suprapubic catheterization. British Journal of Nursing 2010;19(18):s7-s13. [ISRCTN66645527; sr-incont40340]
10. ISRCTN66645527. Intermittent urethral versus indwelling suprapubic catheterisation in the management of voiding after urogynaecological surgery: a randomised single centre controlled trial. isrctn.org/ISRCTN66645527 (accessed 12th November 2015). [ISRCTN66645527; sr-incont64580]
11. Dobbs SP, Jackson SR, Wilson AM, Maplethorpe RP, Hammond RH. A prospective, randomized trial comparing continuous bladder drainage with catheterization at abdominal hysterectomy. British Journal of Urology 1997;80(4):554-6. [sr-incont6720]
12. Evron S, Dimitrochenko V, Khazin V, Sherman A, Sadan O, Boaz M, et al. The effect of intermittent versus continuous bladder catheterization on labor duration and postpartum urinary retention and infection: a randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 2008;20(8):567-72. [sr-incont31242]
13. Rigini N, Evron S, Sadan O, Szmuk P, Ezri T. Intermittent versus continuous bladder catheterization and labor epidural (Abstract). Anesthesiology 2006;105:A907. [23732]
14. Hakvoort RA, Thijs S, Bouwmeester F, Ruhe I, Vernooil M, Broekman A, et al. Optimal management of bladder retention following vaginal prolapse surgery: a randomized controlled trial comparing clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and transurethral indwelling catheterisation (TIC) (Abstract number 58). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2010;29(6):892-3. [40128]
15. Hakvoort RA, Thijs SSD, Bouwmeester FW, Broekman AM, Ruhe IM, Vernooij MM, et al. Comparing clean intermittent catheterisation and transurethral indwelling catheterisation for incomplete voiding after vaginal prolapse surgery: a multicentre randomised trial. BJOG 2011;118(9):1055-60. [sr-incont42075]
16. NTR1152. A randomised trial determining whether intermittent catheterisation is a better option for treating urinary retention than a transurethral indwelling bladder catheter for the outcomes duration of catheterisation, urinary tract infection and patient satisfaction - CATH trial. www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=1152 (accessed 12th November 2015). [NTR1152; sr-incont65505]
17. Halleberg Nyman M, Gustafsson M, Langius-Eklof A, Johansson JE, Norlin R, Hagberg L. Intermittent versus indwelling urinary catheterisation in hip surgery patients: a randomised controlled trial with cost-effectiveness analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2013;50(12):1589-98. [sr-incont61995]
18. Hammarsten J, Lindqvist K. Suprapubic catheter following transurethral resection of the prostate: a way to decrease the number of urethral strictures and improve the outcome of operations. Journal of Urology 1992;147(3):651-2. [sr-incont1271]
19. Harms E, Christmann U, Klock FK. Suprapubic urinary diversion following gynecologic operations. [German]. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 1985;45(4):254-60. [sr-incont1140]
20. Ichsan J, Hunt DR. Suprapubic catheters: a comparison of suprapubic versus urethral catheters in the treatment of acute urinary retention. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery 1987;57(1):33-6.
21. Jannelli ML, Wu JM, Plunkett LW, Williams KS, Visco AG. A randomized controlled trial of clean intermittent self-catheterization versus suprapubic catheterization after urogynecologic surgery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2007;197(1):72-4. [sr-incont23807]
22. Katz G, Milgalter E, Landau Y, Borman JB. Prevention of urethral strictures following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Urology 1992;39(5):433-5.
23. Kerr-Wilson RH, McNally S. Bladder drainage for caesarean section under epidural analgesia. BJOG 1986;93(1):28-30.
24. Knight RM, Pellegrini VD Jr. Bladder management after total joint arthroplasty. Journal of Arthroplasty 1996;11(8):882-8. [sr-incont4765]
25. Korkes F, Moniz RR, Silva FA, Guidoni LRM, Silva DB, Fernandes RC, et al. Urethral vs suprapubic catheter following open prostatectomy: surgeon's choice. Revista Chilena de Urologia 2008;73(4):272-6. [sr-incont39873]
26. ISRCTN46098701. Comparison of the postoperative rate of complications and infections in indwelling urinary catheters and suprapubic catheters after anterior colporrhaphia: a three-arm prospective randomised trial. isrctn.org/ISRCTN46098701 (accessed 12th November 2015). [ISRCTN46098701; sr-incont62940]
27. Kringel U, Reuimer T, Tomczak S, Green S, Kundt G, Gerber B. Postoperative infections due to bladder catheters after anterior colporrhaphy: a prospective, randomized three-arm study. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2010;21(12):1499-504. [ISRCTN46098701; sr-incont41072]
28. Michelson JD, Lotke PA, Steinberg ME. Urinary-bladder management after total joint-replacement surgery. New England Journal of Medicine 1988;319(6):321-6.
29. Millet L, Shah S, Bartholomew ML. Rates of bacteriuria in laboring women with epidural analgesia: continuous vs. intermittent bladder catheterization. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012;206(4):316.e1-7. [sr-incont44529]
30. Millet L, Shaha S, Bartholomew ML. Bacteriuria in laboring women with epidural analgesia: Continuous vs intermittent bladder catheterization (Abstract number 52). American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012;206(1 Suppl 1):S33. [sr-incont65102]
31. Naik R, Maughan K, Nordin A, Lopes A, Godfrey KA, Hatem MH. A prospective randomised controlled trial of intermittent self-catheterisation vs. supra-pubic catheterisation for post-operative bladder care following radical hysterectomy. Gynecologic Oncology 2005;99(2):437-42. [sr-incont21564]
32. Roberts K, Naik R. Catheterization options following radical surgery for cervical cancer. British Journal of Nursing 2006;15(19):1038-44. [sr-incont22222]
33. Nwabineli NJ, Walsh DJ, Davis JA. Urinary drainage following radical hysterectomy for cervical carcinoma - A pilot comparison of urethral and suprapubic routes. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 1993;3(4):208-10. [sr-incont7143]
34. O'Kelly TJ, Mathew A, Ross S, Munro A. Optimum method for urinary drainage in major abdominal surgery: a prospective randomized trial of suprapubic versus urethral catheterization. British Journal of Surgery 1995;82(10):1367-8. [sr-incont2866]
35. Perrin LC, Penfold C, McLeish A. A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing suprapubic with urethral catheterization in rectal surgery. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery 1997;67(8):554-6. [sr-incont5587]
36. Piergiovanni M, Tschantz P. [Urinary catheterization: transurethral or suprapubic approach?]. [French]. Helvetica Chirurgica Acta 1991;58(1-2):201-5. [sr-incont1280]
37. Prasad SM, Large MC, Patel AR, Famakinwa O, Galocy RM, Karrison T, et al. Early removal of urethral catheter with suprapubic tube drainage versus urethral catheter drainage alone after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Journal of Urology 2014;192(1):89-95. [sr-incont66322]
38. Rasmussen OV, Korner B, Møller-Sørensen P, Kronborg O. Suprapubic versus urethral bladder drainage following surgery for rectal cancer. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica 1977;143(6):371-4.
39. Ratnaval CD, Renwick P, Farouk R, Monson JR, Lee PW. Suprapubic versus transurethral catheterisation of males undergoing pelvic colorectal surgery. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 1996;11(4):177-9.
40. NCT00959920. Study of obstetric Foley therapy (SOFT trial). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00959920 (accessed 12th November 2015). [NCT00959920; TrialID.SOFT; sr-incont64492]
41. Rivard C, Awad M, Liebermann M, Dejong M, Massey SM, Sinacore J, et al. Bladder drainage during labor: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 2012;38(8):1046-51. [NCT00959920; sr-incont49710]
42. Schiotz HA, Malme PA, Tanbo TG. Urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria after vaginal plastic surgery. A comparison of suprapubic and transurethral catheters. Acta Obstetricia Gynecologica Scandinavica 1989;68(5):453-5. [sr-incont1165]
43. Sethia KK, Selkon JB, Berry AR, Turner CM, Kettlewell MG, Gough MH. Prospective randomized controlled trial of urethral versus suprapubic catheterization. British Journal of Surgery 1987;74(7):624-5. [sr-incont1114]
44. Skelly JM, Guyatt GH, Kalbfleisch R, Singer J, Winter L. Management of urinary retention after surgical repair of hip fracture. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1992;146(7):1185-9.
45. NTR1528. A comparison of suprapubic and transurethral catheterization on postoperative urinary retention after vaginal prolapse repair - CAD TRIAL. www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=1528 (accessed 12th November 2015). [NTR1528; sr-incont65499]
46. Stekkinger E, Van der Linden PJQ. A comparison of suprapubic and transurethral catheterization after vaginal prolapse repair: a randomized controlled trial. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 2011;72(2):109-16. [sr-incont42069]
47. Tang MW, Kwok TC, Hui E, Woo J. Intermittent versus indwelling catheterization in older female patients. Maturitas 2006;53(3):274-81. [sr-incont22495]
48. Tangtrakul S, Taechaiya S, Suthutvoravut S, Linasmita V. Post-cesarean section urinary tract infection: a comparison between intermittent and indwelling catheterization. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 1994;77(5):244-8.
49. Van den Brand I, Castelein RM. Total joint arthroplasty and incidence of postoperative bacteriuria with an indwelling catheter or intermittent catheterization with one-dose antibiotic prophylaxis: a prospective randomized trial. Journal of Arthroplasty 2001;16(7):850-5. [sr-incont13007]
50. Vandoni RE, Lironi A, Tschantz P. Bacteriuria during urinary tract catheterization: suprapubic versus urethral route: a prospective randomized trial. Acta Chirurgica Belgica 1994;94(1):12-6. [sr-incont30]
51. Wiser WL, Morrison JC, Loveday GL, McIntosh RE, Kennedy BS, Shaw BH, et al. Management of bladder drainage following vaginal plastic repairs. Obstetrics and Gynecology 1974;44(1):65-71. [sr-incont874]
52. Abrams PH, Shah PJ, Gaches CG, Ashken MH, Green NA. Role of suprapubic catheterization in retention of urine. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 1980;73(12):845-8.
53. Allardice JT, Standfield NJ, Wyatt AP. Acute urinary retention: which catheter?. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 1988;70(6):366-8.
54. Cardenas D, Moore KN, Dannels-McClure A, Scelza W, Granves D, Brooks M. Intermittent catheterisation with hydrophilic-coated catheters delays the onset of urinary tract infection in patients with acute spinal cord injury: an international, multicenter, randomised controlled trial (Abstract number 126). Neurourology and Urodynamics 2010;29(6):990-1. [sr-incont40143]
55. Chartier-Kastler E, Lauge I, Ruffion A, Goossens D, Charvier K, Biering-Sorensen F. Safety of a new compact catheter for men with neurogenic bladder dysfunction: a randomised, crossover and open-labelled study. Spinal Cord 2011;49(7):844-50. [NCT00990093; sr-incont42729]
56. Dunn TS, Shlay J, Forshner D. Are in-dwelling catheters necessary for 24 hours after hysterectomy?. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003;189(2):435-7.
57. Frymire LJ. Comparison of suprapubic versus Foley drains. Obstetrics and Gynecology 1971;38(2):239-44.
58. Ghalayini IF, Al Ghazo MA, Pickard RS. A prospective randomized trial comparing tranurethral prostatic resection and clean intermittent self-catheterization in men with chronic urinary retention. BJU International 2005;96(1):93-7. [sr-incont21452]
59. Grundy DJ, Fellows GJ, Gillett AP, Nuseibeh I, Silver JR. A comparison of fine-bore suprapubic and an intermittent urethral catheterisation regime after spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1983;21(4):227-32. [sr-incont7525]
60. Hofmeister FJ, Martens WE, Strebel RL. Foley catheter or suprapubic tube?. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1970;107(5):767-79.
61. Horgan AF, Prasad B, Waldron DJ, O'Sullivan DC. Acute urinary retention. Comparison of suprapubic and urethral catheterisation. British Journal of Urology 1992;70(2):149-51. [sr-incont18523]
62. Park HC, Son JH, Jang SH. Rethinking suprapubic cystostomy in voiding dysfunction: new trial with timed drainage. Korean Journal of Urology 2010;51(12):847-52. [sr-incont41042]
63. Schumm K, N'Dow J, Norrie J, and the CATHETER Study Group. Recruitment challenges in a large randomsed controlled trial with complex processes (Abstract number P06). Proceedings of the 29th Society for Clinical Trials Annual Meetibng, 18-21 May 2008, St. Louis (MO). 2008. [sr-incont27304]
64. Shapiro J, Hoffmann J, Jersky J. A comparison of suprapubic and transurethral drainage for postoperative urinary retention in general surgical patients. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica 1982;148(4):323-7. [sr-incont46935]
65. Sicilia I, Mattioni A, Cenciarelli S, Mazzoli T, Gallinella E, Greco LM, et al. Intermittent versus permanent bladder catheterization in acute stroke patients (Abstract number 600). Cerebrovascular Diseases 2013;35(Suppl 3):663. [sr-incont59886]
66. Suprasert P, Srisomboon J, Phongnarisorn C. A prospective randomized study comparing voiding time between suprapubic catheterization and intermittent self-catheterization following radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer. Thai Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2002;14(1):73-9. [sr-incont26731]
67. Turi MH, Hanif S, Fasih Q, Shaikh MA. Proportion of complications in patients practicing clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) vs indwelling catheter. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2006;56(9):401-9. [sr-incont22267]
68. Kringel U, Gerber B. Comparision of the postoperative rate of complications and infections in indwelling urinary catheters and suprapubic catheters after anterior kolporrhaphia: a 3-arm prospective randomised trial. Interim analysis after 30 patients (Abstract: Poster presentation). Proceedings of the North German Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (NGGG) meeting, 2007 Sept 7-9, Göttingen, Germany. 2007. [ISRCTN46098701; sr-incont64686]
69. ACTRN12614000618651. Randomized control trial of continuous indwelling urinary catheter versus intermittent urinary catheter in pregnant women during epidural anesthesia in labour to prevent severe post partum urinary retention. www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12614000618651.aspx (accessed 12th November 2015). [ACTRN12614000618651; sr-incont62933]
70. NCT01465594. Randomized study comparing urinary diversion by suprapubic catheter with transurethral catheter in patients after radical prostatectomy. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01465594 (accessed 12th November 2015). [NCT01465594; sr-incont50317]
71. NCT02108431, Habibzada J, Godes M, Witt JH. Superior postoperative patient comfort in suprapubic drainage versus transurethral catheterization following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a prospective randomized clinical trial. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02108431 (accessed 12th November 2015). [NCT02108431; sr-incont60954]
72. NCT02198157. Effect of intermittent versus continuous bladder catheterization during labor on second stage duration. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02198157 (accessed 12th November 2015). [NCT02198157; sr-incont62945]
73. NTR2806. Catheter Management and complications for Symptomatic Postpartum Urinary Retention - CAMPUR. www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=2806 (accessed 12th November 2015). [NTR2806; TrialID.CAMPUR.; sr-incont66314]
74. Wilson B, Phelps C. Identifying and applying a targeted evidence-based practice change in the maternal/child health inpatient setting. Nursing for Women's Health 2013;17(6):490-7. [sr-incont65833]
75. Ahluwalia RS, Johal N, Kouriefs C, Kooiman G, Montgomery BSI, Plail RO. The surgical risk of suprapubic catheter insertion and long-term sequelae. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 2006;88(2):210-3.
76. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Urinary tract infection (Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection [CAUTI] and Non-Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection [UTI]) and other urinary system infection [USI]) events, Chapter 7-13 device-associated module. CDC NHSN Patient Safety Component (PSC) Manual. Atlanta, GA. (available at: cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscManual/7pscCAUTIcurrent.pdf) (accessed 4 February 2015): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 5 January 2015.
77. Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Initiative. COMET Initiative. www.comet-initiative.org/(accessed 27 May 2015).
78. European Assocation of Urology. EAU Guidelines. 25th Edition. Arnhem, The Netherlands: EAU Guidelines Office, 2014.
79. Elvy J, Colville A. Catheter associated urinary tract infection: what is it, what causes it and how can we prevent it?. Journal of Infection Prevention 2009;10(2):36-41.
80. Geng V, Emblem EL, Gratzl S, Incesu O, Jensen K. EAUN Good Practice in Healthcare: Urethral Catheterisation. Section 2: Male, female and paediatric intermittent catheterization. Arnhem, The Netherlands: European Assocation of Urology, 2006.
81. Geng V, Cobussen-Boekhorst H, Farrell J, Gea-Sanchez M, Pearce I, Schwennesen T, et al. Catheterisation - Indwelling catheters in adults: urethral and suprapubic. 1st Edition. Arnhem, The Netherlands: European Association of Urology Nurses, 2012.
82. Gould CV, Umscheid CA, Agarwal RK, Kunst G, Pegues DA, and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). Guideline for Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections 2009. cdc.gov/hicpac/pdf/CAUTI/CAUTIguideline2009final.pdf. Atlanta, GA: Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), (accessed 4th February 2015).
83. Grabe M, Bartoletti R, Bjerklund Johansen TE, Cai T, Cek M, Koves B, et al. Urological infections. In: European Assocation of Urology, editor(s). European Association of Urology Guidelines. 2015 Edition. Arnhem, The Netherlands: EAU Guidelines Office, 2015:7-13.
84. Harrison SCW, Lawrence WT, Morley R, Pearce I, Taylor J. British Association of Urological Surgeons' suprapubic catheter practice guidelines. BJU International 2011;107(1):77-85.
85. Health Committee, House of Commons. Written evidence from Bard Ltd (PEX 17) (2012 Oct); Eleventh report of session 2012-13-Public expenditure on health and care services - Volume II - Additional written evidence (HC 2012-13, 651). www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmhealth/651/651vw.pdf. London: The Stationery Office Limited, (accessed 28 May 2015).
86. Healy EF, Walsh CA, Cotter AM, Walsh SR. Suprapubic compared with transurethral bladder catheterization for gynecologic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012;120(3):678-87.
87. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from cochrane-handbook.org. The Cochrane Collaboration.
88. Hooton TM, Bradley SF, Cardenas DD, Colgan R, Geerlings SE, Rice JC, et al. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2010;50(5):625-63.
89. Lam TBL, Omar MI, Fisher E, Gillies K, MacLennan S. Types of indwelling urethral catheters for short-term catheterisation in hospitalised adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 9. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004013.pub4]
90. Lusardi G, Lipp A, Shaw C. Antibiotic prophylaxis for short-term catheter bladder drainage in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 7. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005428.pub2;]
91. McPhail M J, Abu-Hilal M, Johnson CD. A meta-analysis comparing suprapubic and transurethral catheterization for bladder drainage after abdominal surgery. British Journal of Surgery 2006;93(9):1038-44.
92. Nasr A. State of the globe: catheterizations continue to cultivate urinary infections. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases 2010;2(2):81.
93. Newman DK. Prevention and management of catheter-associated UTIs. Infectious Disease 2010;Special Edition:13-20.
94. Nicolle LE, Bradley S, Colgan R, Rice JC, Schaeffer A, Hooton TM. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2005;40(5):643-54.
95. Omar MI, Lam TBL, MacLennan S. Critical outcomes in a Cochrane systematic review: patients' perspective. 21st Cochrane Colloquium 2013;Suppl:2.
96. Phipps S, Lim YN, McClinton S, Barry C, Rane A, N'Dow JMO. Short term urinary catheter policies following urogenital surgery in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004374.pub2]
97. Thomson Reuters. Reference Manager Professional Edition. Version Version 12. New York: Thomson Reuters, 2012.
98. The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
99. Smyth E, McIlveny G, Enstone J, Emmerson A, Humphreys H, Fitzpatrick F, et al. Hospital Infection Society Prevalence Survey Steering Group. Four country healthcare associated infection prevalence survey 2006: overview of the results. Journal of Hospital Infection 2008;69(3):230-48.
100. Tambyah PA, Halvorson KT, Maki DG. A prospective study of pathogenesis of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1999;74(2):131-6. [15410]
101. Tenke P, Kovacs B, Bjerklund Johansen TE, Matsumoto T, Tambyah PA, Naber KG. European and Asian guidelines on management andprevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2008;31(1):68-78.
102. Trautner BW, Darouiche RO. Catheter associated infections: pathogenesis affects prevention. Archives of Internal Medicine 2004;164(8):842-50.
103. Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care 1992;30(6):473-83.
104. Warren JW. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2001;17(4):299-303. [15414]
105. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1983;67(6):361-70.