TB vaccine development and the End TB Strategy: Importance and current status

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 110, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 212-218

  Fletcher, Helen A ^a   Schrager, Lewis ^b  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b AERAS   (United States)

Author keywords

BCG; Biomarker; T cell; Tuberculosis; Vaccine

Indexed keywords

85B PROTEIN; ANTIGEN 85A; ANTIGEN 85B; AS01E; BCG VACCINE; CD4 ANTIGEN; CD8 ANTIGEN; EARLY SECRETORY ANTIGENIC TARGET 6; FC RECEPTOR; HYBRID PROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODY; M 72 PROTEIN; MYCOBACTERIUM ANTIGEN; RV2660C PROTEIN; SUBUNIT VACCINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRUS VECTOR; ANTIGEN;

ANTIBODY RESPONSE; ARTICLE; DRUG EFFICACY; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; IMMUNOGENICITY; INCIDENCE; INNATE IMMUNITY; LYMPHOID CELL; MIXED INFECTION; MYCOBACTERIUM INDICUS PRANII; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM VACCAE; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PREVALENCE; PROTEIN SUBUNIT; TH1 CELL; TUBERCULOSIS; GLOBAL HEALTH; IMMUNOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; VACCINATION;

ANTIGENS; BCG VACCINE; GLOBAL HEALTH; HUMANS; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; TUBERCULOSIS; VACCINATION;

EID: 84964711803     PISSN: 00359203     EISSN: 18783503     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trw016     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. WHO. Global tuberculosis report 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
2. WHO. WHO End TB Strategy. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2015 http://www.who.int/tb/post2015_strategy/en/ [accessed 28 December 2015].
3. Lonnroth K, Migliori GB, Abubakar I et al. Towards tuberculosis elimination: an action framework for low-incidence countries. Eur Respir J 2015;45:928-52.
4. WHO. Drug-resistant TB surveillance and response. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/ global_report/gtbr14_supplement_web_v3.pdf [accessed 28 December 2015].
5. Marks SM, Flood J, Seaworth B et al. Treatment practices, outcomes, and costs of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, United States, 2005-2007. Emerg Infect Dis 2014;20:812-21.
6. Graham BS, Ledgerwood JE, Nabel GJ. Vaccine development in the twenty-first century: changing paradigms for elusive viruses. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;86:234-6.
7. Tameris MD, Hatherill M, Landry BS et al. Safety and efficacy ofMVA85A, a new tuberculosis vaccine, in infants previously vaccinated with BCG:a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial. Lancet 2013;381:1021-8.
8. Ditkowsky JB, Schwartzman K; Potential cost-effectiveness of a new infant tuberculosis vaccine in South Africa-implications for clinical trials: a decision analysis. PLoS One 2014;9:e3.
9. Knight GM, Griffiths UK, Sumner T et al. Impact and cost-effectiveness of new tuberculosis vaccines in low- and middle-income countries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014;111:15520-5.
10. Tseng CL, Oxlade O, Menzies D et al. Cost-effectiveness of novel vaccines for tuberculosis control: a decision analysis study. BMC Public Health 2011;11:55.
11. Si G, Li M, Meng K, Qiao D. Phase III Clinical Study of Efficacy and Safety of VaccaeTM to Prevent Tuberculosis. NCT01979900. 2013. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01979900 [accessed 28 December 2015].
12. Butov DA, Pashkov YN, Stepanenko AL et al. Phase IIb randomized trial of adjunct immunotherapy in patients with first-diagnosed tuberculosis, relapsed and multi-drug-resistant (MDR) TB. J Immune Based Ther Vaccines 2011;9:3.
13. von Reyn CF, Mtei L, Arbeit RD et al. Prevention of tuberculosis in Bacille Calmette-Guerin-primed, HIV-infected adults boosted with an inactivated whole-cell mycobacterial vaccine. AIDS 2010;24:675-85.
14. Katoch K, Singh P, Adhikari T, et al. Potential of Mw as a prophylactic vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis. Vaccine 2008;26:1228-34.
15. Elamin AA, Stehr M, Spallek R et al. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag85A is a novel diacylglycerol acyltransferase involved in lipid body formation. Mol Microbiol 2011;81:1577-92.
16. Comas I, Chakravartti J, Small PM et al. Human T cell epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are evolutionarily hyperconserved. Nat Genet 2010;42:498-503.
17. Coscolla M, Copin R, Sutherland J et al. M. Tuberculosis T Cell epitope analysis reveals paucity of antigenic variation and identifies rare variable TB antigens. Cell Host Microbe 2015;18:538-48.
18. Olsen AW, Hansen PR, Holm A et al. Efficient protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by vaccination with a single subdominant epitope from the ESAT-6 antigen. Eur J Immunol 2000;30:1724-32.
19. Orr MT, Ireton GC, Beebe EA et al. Immune subdominant antigens as vaccine candidates against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Immunol 2014;193:2911-8.
20. Woodworth JS, Aagaard CS, Hansen PR et al. Protective CD4 T cells targeting cryptic epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resist infection-driven terminal differentiation. J Immunol 2014;192:3247-58.
21. Altare F, Durandy A, Lammas D et al. Impairment of mycobacterial immunity in human interleukin-12 receptor deficiency. Science 1998;280:1432-5.
22. Cooper AM, Dalton DK, Stewart TA et al. Disseminated tuberculosis in interferon gamma gene-disrupted mice. J Exp Med 1993;178:2243-7.
23. Flynn JL, Chan J, Triebold KJ et al. An essential role for interferon gamma in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Exp Med 1993;178:2249-54.
24. Jouanguy E, Altare F, Lamhamedi S et al. Interferon-gamma-receptor deficiency in an infant with fatal bacille Calmette-Guerin infection. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1956-61.
25. Lichtenauer-Kaligis EG, de Boer T, Verreck FA et al. Severe Mycobacterium bovis BCG infections in a large series of novel IL-12 receptor beta1 deficient patients and evidence for the existence of partial IL-12 receptor beta1 deficiency. Eur J Immunol 2003;33:59-69.
26. Newport MJ, Huxley CM, Huston S et al. A mutation in the interferon-gamma-receptor gene and susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1941-9.
27. Picard C, Fieschi C, Altare F et al. Inherited interleukin-12 deficiency:IL12B genotype and clinical phenotype of 13 patients from six kindreds. Am J Hum Genet 2002;70:336-48.
28. Achkar JM, Chan J, Casadevall A. B cells and antibodies in the defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Immunol Rev 2015;264:167-81.
29. Maglione PJ, Xu J, Casadevall A et al. Fc gamma receptors regulate immune activation and susceptibility during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Immunol 2008;180:3329-38.
30. Beyazova U, Rota S, Cevheroğlu C et al. Humoral immune response in infants after BCG vaccination. Tuber Lung Dis 1995;76:248-53.
31. Hoft DF, Kemp EB, Marinaro M et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Mycobacterium-specific human immune responses induced by intradermal bacille Calmette-Gué rin vaccination. J Lab Clin Med 1999;134:244-52.
32. Lagercrantz R, Enell H. Tuberculin-sensitivity and antibodies (agglutinins) after BCG-vaccination. Acta Paediatr 1953;42:316-22.
33. Turneer M, Van Vooren JP, Nyabenda J et al. The humoral immune response after BCG vaccination in humans: consequences for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 1988;1:589-93.
34. de Vallière S, Abate G, Blazevic A et al. Enhancement of innate and cell-mediated immunity by antimycobacterial antibodies. Infect Immun 2005;73:6711-20.
35. Perley CC, Frahm M, Click EM et al. The human antibody response to the surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2014;9:e3.
36. Pilkington C, Costello AM, Rook GA et al. Development of IgG responses to mycobacterial antigens. Arch Dis Child 1993;69:644-9.
37. Stainsby KJ, Lowes JR, Allan RN et al. Antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and nine species of environmental mycobacteria in Crohn's disease and control subjects. Gut 1993;34:371-4.
38. Godfrey DI, Uldrich AP, McCluskey J et al. The burgeoning family of unconventional T cells. Nat Immunol 2015;16:1114-23.
39. Eberl G, Colonna M, Di Santo JP et al. Innate lymphoid cells. Innate lymphoid cells: a new paradigm in immunology. Science 2015;348:aaa6566.
40. White MJ, Nielsen CM, McGregor RH et al. Differential activation of CD57-defined natural killer cell subsets during recall responses to vaccine antigens. Immunology 2014;142:140-50.
41. Berthoud TK, Fletcher H, Porter D et al. Comparing human T cell and NK cell responses in viral-based malaria vaccine trials. Vaccine 2009;28:21-7.
42. Beveridge NE, Fletcher HA, Hughes J et al. A comparison of IFNgamma detection methods used in tuberculosis vaccine trials. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2008;88:631-40.
43. Hoft DF, Brown RM, Roodman ST. Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination enhances human gamma delta T cell responsiveness tomycobacteria suggestive of a memory-like phenotype. J Immunol 1998;161:1045-54.
44. Kleinnijenhuis J, Quintin J, Preijers F et al. BCG-induced trained immunity in NK cells: Role for non-specific protection to infection. Clin Immunol 2014;155:213-9.
45. Portevin D, Young D. Natural killer cell cytokine response to M. bovis BCG Is associated with inhibited proliferation, increased apoptosis and ultimate depletion of NKp44(+)CD56(bright) cells. PLoS One 2013;8:e3.
46. Karp CL, Wilson CB, Stuart LM. Tuberculosis vaccines: barriers and prospects on the quest for a transformative tool. Immunol Rev 2015;264:363-81.
47. de Bruyn G. Cofactors that may influence vaccine responses. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2010;5:404-8.
48. de Paus RA, van Crevel R, van Beek R et al. The influence of influenza virus infections on the development of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013;93:338-42.
49. Nielsen CM, White MJ, Bottomley C et al. Impaired NK Cell Responses to Pertussis and H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Antigens in Human Cytomegalovirus-Infected Individuals. J Immunol 2015;194:4657-67.
50. Wald A, Selke S, Magaret A et al. Impact of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on immune response to pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine in healthy adults. J Med Virol 2013;85:1557-60.
51. Naranbhai V, Hill AV, Abdool Karim SS et al. Ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes in peripheral blood identifies adults at risk of incident tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults initiating antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2014;209:500-9.
52. Naranbhai V, Kim S, Fletcher H et al. The association between the ratio of monocytes:lymphocytes at age 3 months and risk of tuberculosis (TB) in the first two years of life. BMC Med 2014;12:120.
53. Naranbhai V, Moodley D, Chipato T et al. The association between the ratio of monocytes: lymphocytes and risk of tuberculosis among HIV-infected postpartum women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014;67:573-5.
54. Ortblad KF, Salomon JA, Barnighausen T et al. Stopping tuberculosis: a biosocial model for sustainable development. Lancet 2015;386:2354-62.
55. Frick M. 2014 Report on Tuberculosis Research Funding Trends, 2005-2013. New York: Treatment Action Group. 2014. http://www. treatmentactiongroup.org/sites/g/files/g450272/f/201505/TAG_2014_ TB_Funding_Report_2nd_Ed.pdf [accessed 28 December 2015].