Drugs prescribed by general practitioners according to age, gender and socioeconomic status after adjustment for multimorbidity level

BMC Family Practice

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Skoog, Jessica ^a   Midlöv, Patrik ^a   Beckman, Anders ^a   Sundquist, Jan ^a,b   Halling, Anders ^a,c  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Age; Case mix; Education; Gender; General practitioner; Income; Multimorbidity; Pharmacological treatment; Prescription drug; Primary health care; Socioeconomic status

Indexed keywords

PRESCRIPTION DRUG;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMORBIDITY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTICE; HUMAN; INCOME; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ODDS RATIO; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; SWEDEN; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COMORBIDITY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTICE; HUMANS; INCOME; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ODDS RATIO; PRACTICE PATTERNS, PHYSICIANS'; PRESCRIPTION DRUGS; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SWEDEN; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84964313652     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712296     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12875-014-0183-8     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Correa-de-Araujo R, Miller GE, Banthin JS, Trinh Y: Gender differences in drug use and expenditures in a privately insured population of older adults. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2005, 14(1):73-81.
2. Roe CM, McNamara AM, Motheral BR: Use of chronic medications among a large, commercially-insured US population. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2002, 11(4):301-309.
3. Bajcar JM, Wang L, Moineddin R, Nie JX, Tracy CS, Upshur RE: From pharmaco-therapy to pharmaco-prevention: trends in prescribing to older adults in Ontario, Canada, 1997-2006. BMC Fam Pract 2010, 11:75. 2296-11-75.
4. Weitoft GR, Rosen M, Ericsson O, Ljung R: Education and drug use in Sweden-a nationwide register-based study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008, 17(10):1020-1028.
5. Haider SI, Johnell K, Weitoft GR, Thorslund M, Fastbom J: The influence of educational level on polypharmacy and inappropriate drug use: a register-based study of more than 600,000 older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009, 57(1):62-69.
6. Weitoft GR, Ericsson O, Fastbom J: Prescription drugs: health in Sweden: the national public health report 2012. Chapter 18. Scand J Public Health 2012, 40(9 Suppl):293-304.
7. Koberlein J, Gottschall M, Czarnecki K, Thomas A, Bergmann A, Voigt K: General practitioners' views on polypharmacy and its consequences for patient health care. BMC Fam Pract 2013, 14(1):119. 2296-14-119.
8. Thorell K, Skoog J, Zielinski A, Borgquist L, Halling A: Licit prescription drug use in a Swedish population according to age, gender and socioeconomic status after adjusting for level of multi-morbidity. BMC Public Health 2012, 12:575. 2458-12-575.
9. Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, Watt G, Wyke S, Guthrie B: Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 2012, 380(9836):37-43.
10. Beckman A, Anell A: Changes in health care utilisation following a reform involving choice and privatisation in Swedish primary care: a five-year follow-up of GP-visits. BMC Health Serv Res 2013, 13:452. 6963-13-452.
11. Almkvist H, Bergman U, Edlert M, Juhasz-Haverinen M, Pehrsson A, Bergen-Dahl GT, Veg A, Wettermark B: Quality reports reduce drug costs in primary health care. Stockholm County Council a model for decentralized expenditure responsibility. Lakartidningen 2008, 105(42):2930-2934.
12. Animerade befolkningspyramider 1968-2010 S. Animated population pyramids. https://www.h5.scb.se/kommunfakta/pyramider/index.asp
13. Wirehn AB, Ostgren CJ, Carstensen JM: Age and gender differences in the impact of diabetes on the prevalence of ischemic heart disease: a population-based register study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008, 79(3):497-502.
14. Starfield B, Weiner J, Mumford L, Steinwachs D: Ambulatory care groups: a categorization of diagnoses for research and management. Health Serv Res 1991, 26(1):53-74.
15. Weiner JP, Starfield BH, Steinwachs DM, Mumford LM: Development and application of a population-oriented measure of ambulatory care case-mix. Med Care 1991, 29(5):452-472.
16. Zielinski A, Kronogard M, Lenhoff H, Halling A: Validation of ACG Case-mix for equitable resource allocation in Swedish primary health care. BMC Public Health 2009, 9:347. 2458-9-347.
17. Calderon-Larranaga A, Poblador-Plou B, Lopez-Cabanas A, Alcala-Nalvaiz JT, Abad-Diez JM, Bordonaba-Bosque D, Prados-Torres A: Does the pharmacy expenditure of patients always correspond with their morbidity burden? exploring new approaches in the interpretation of pharmacy expenditure. BMC Public Health 2010, 10:244. 2458-10-244.
18. The National Board of Health and Welfare. Statistics prescription drugs expenses in Sweden in 2012. http://www.socialstyrelsen.se/register/ halsodataregister/lakemedelsregistret
19. The World Health Organization. http://www.whocc.no/ddd/ definition-and-general-considera/
20. Mwalili SM, Lesaffre E, Declerck D: The zero-inflated negative binomial regression model with correction for misclassification: an example in caries research. Stat Methods Med Res 2008, 17(2):123-139.
21. Kahn SE, Cooper ME, Del Prato S: Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future. Lancet 2014, 383(9922):1068-1083.
22. Geller AI, Nopkhun W, Dows-Martinez MN, Strasser DC: Polypharmacy and the role of physical medicine and rehabilitation. PM R 2012, 4(3):198-219.
23. Chew-Graham CA, Hunter C, Langer S, Stenhoff A, Drinkwater J, Guthrie EA, Salmon P: How QOF is shaping primary care review consultations: a longitudinal qualitative study. BMC Fam Pract 2013, 14:103. 2296-14-103.
24. Ekesbo R, Midlov P, Gerward S, Persson K, Nerbrand C, Johansson L: Lack of adherence to hypertension treatment guidelines among GPs in southern Sweden-a case report-based survey. BMC Fam Pract 2012, 13:34. 2296-13-34.
25. Stock SA, Stollenwerk B, Redaelli M, Civello D, Lauterbach KW: Sex differences in treatment patterns of six chronic diseases: an analysis from the German statutory health insurance. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2008, 17(3):343-354.
26. Simoni-Wastila L: Gender and psychotropic drug use. Med Care 1998, 36(1):88-94.
27. Schappert SM, Burt CW: Ambulatory care visits to physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments: United States, 2001-02. Vital Health Stat 13 2006, 159:1-66.
28. Skoog J, Midlov P, Borgquist L, Sundquist J, Halling A: Can gender difference in prescription drug use be explained by gender-related morbidity?: A study on a Swedish population during 2006. BMC Public Health 2014, 14(1):329. 2458-14-329.
29. Wun YT, Chan CS, Dickinson JA: Determinants of physicians' attitude towards prescribing. J Clin Pharm Ther 2002, 27(1):57-65.
30. Wallach-Kildemoes H, Andersen M, Diderichsen F, Lange T: Adherence to preventive statin therapy according to socioeconomic position. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013, 69(8):1553-1563.
31. Mukherjee S, Sharmasarkar B, Das KK, Bhattacharyya A, Deb A: Compliance to anti-diabetic drugs: observations from the diabetic clinic of a medical college in kolkata, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2013, 7(4):661-665.
32. Adler NE, Newman K: Socioeconomic disparities in health: pathways and policies. Health Aff (Millwood) 2002, 21(2):60-76.
33. Carr-Hill RA, Rice N, Roland M: Socioeconomic determinants of rates of consultation in general practice based on fourth national morbidity survey of general practices. BMJ 1996, 312(7037):1008-1012.
34. Carlsson L, Strender LE, Fridh G, Nilsson GH: Clinical categories of patients and encounter rates in primary health care-a three-year study in defined populations. BMC Public Health 2006, 6:35.