메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 87, Issue 8, 2016, Pages 871-878

The prediagnostic phase of Parkinson's disease

Author keywords

EPIDEMIOLOGY; MOVEMENT DISORDERS; Parkinson'S DISEASE

Indexed keywords

(3 IODOBENZYL)GUANIDINE I 123; ALCOHOL; ALPHA SYNUCLEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN A1; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CAFFEINE; DJ 1 PROTEIN; GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE; LEUCINE RICH REPEAT KINASE 2; NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT CHAIN; NEUROFILAMENT PROTEIN; PESTICIDE; SOMATOMEDIN C; TAU PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; URIC ACID;

EID: 84962917512     PISSN: 00223050     EISSN: 1468330X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-311890     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (127)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 84872003490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of early nonmotor features and risk factors for Parkinson disease
    • Noyce AJ, Bestwick JP, Silveira-Moriyama L, et al. Meta-analysis of early nonmotor features and risk factors for Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2012;72:893-901.
    • (2012) Ann Neurol , vol.72 , pp. 893-901
    • Noyce, A.J.1    Bestwick, J.P.2    Silveira-Moriyama, L.3
  • 2
    • 79957606041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
    • Schapira AH, Jenner P. Etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011;26:1049-55.
    • (2011) Mov Disord , vol.26 , pp. 1049-1055
    • Schapira, A.H.1    Jenner, P.2
  • 3
    • 84873453232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of Parkinson's disease: Progress and therapeutic implications
    • Singleton AB, Farrer MJ, Bonifati V. The genetics of Parkinson's disease: progress and therapeutic implications. Mov Disord 2013;28:14-23.
    • (2013) Mov Disord , vol.28 , pp. 14-23
    • Singleton, A.B.1    Farrer, M.J.2    Bonifati, V.3
  • 4
    • 0023898945 scopus 로고
    • The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease
    • Gibb WR, Lees AJ. The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988;51:745-52.
    • (1988) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 745-752
    • Gibb, W.R.1    Lees, A.J.2
  • 5
    • 84934983329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • α-Synuclein strains cause distinct synucleinopathies after local and systemic administration
    • Peelaerts W, Bousset L, Van der Perren A, et al. α-Synuclein strains cause distinct synucleinopathies after local and systemic administration. Nature 2015;522:340-4.
    • (2015) Nature , vol.522 , pp. 340-344
    • Peelaerts, W.1    Bousset, L.2    Van Der-Perren, A.3
  • 6
    • 84950154375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology of α-synuclein propagation and Braak hypothesis
    • Published Online First: 4 Sep.
    • McCann H, Cartwright H, Halliday GM. Neuropathology of α-synuclein propagation and Braak hypothesis. Mov Disord. Published Online First: 4 Sep 2015. doi10.1002/mds.26421
    • (2015) Mov Disord
    • McCann, H.1    Cartwright, H.2    Halliday, G.M.3
  • 7
    • 50049104725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotype, genotype, and worldwide genetic penetrance of LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease: A case-control study
    • Healy DG, Falchi M, O'Sullivan SS, et al. Phenotype, genotype, and worldwide genetic penetrance of LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease: a case-control study. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:583-90.
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 583-590
    • Healy, D.G.1    Falchi, M.2    O'Sullivan, S.S.3
  • 8
    • 80051505298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotype in parkinsonian and nonparkinsonian LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers
    • Marras C, Schüle B, Schuele B, et al. Phenotype in parkinsonian and nonparkinsonian LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers. Neurology 2011;77:325-33.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , pp. 325-333
    • Marras, C.1    Schüle, B.2    Schuele, B.3
  • 9
    • 42049109275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional imaging in Parkinson disease
    • Nandhagopal R, McKeown MJ, Stoessl AJ. Functional imaging in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2008;70(16 Pt 2):1478-88.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , Issue.16 , pp. 1478-1488
    • Nandhagopal, R.1    McKeown, M.J.2    Stoessl, A.J.3
  • 10
    • 70350319531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter analysis of glucocerebrosidase mutations in Parkinson's disease
    • Sidransky E, Nalls MA, Aasly JO, et al. Multicenter analysis of glucocerebrosidase mutations in Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1651-61.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , pp. 1651-1661
    • Sidransky, E.1    Nalls, M.A.2    Aasly, J.O.3
  • 11
    • 84874307778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocerebrosidase mutations influence the natural history of Parkinson's disease in a community-based incident cohort
    • Winder-Rhodes SE, Evans JR, Ban M, et al. Glucocerebrosidase mutations influence the natural history of Parkinson's disease in a community-based incident cohort. Brain 2013;136:392-9.
    • (2013) Brain , vol.136 , pp. 392-399
    • Winder-Rhodes, S.E.1    Evans, J.R.2    Ban, M.3
  • 12
    • 84922971361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of prodromal clinical markers of Parkinson disease in a GBA mutation-positive cohort
    • Beavan M, McNeill A, Proukakis C, et al. Evolution of prodromal clinical markers of Parkinson disease in a GBA mutation-positive cohort. JAMA Neurol 2015;72:201-8.
    • (2015) JAMA Neurol , vol.72 , pp. 201-208
    • Beavan, M.1    McNeill, A.2    Proukakis, C.3
  • 13
    • 84939599004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association data identifies six new risk loci for Parkinson's disease
    • Nalls MA, Pankratz N, Lill CM, et al. Large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association data identifies six new risk loci for Parkinson's disease. Nat Genet 2014;46:989-93.
    • (2014) Nat Genet , vol.46 , pp. 989-993
    • Nalls, M.A.1    Pankratz, N.2    Lill, C.M.3
  • 14
    • 84925423439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polygenic risk of Parkinson disease is correlated with disease age at onset
    • Escott-Price V, Nalls MA, Morris HR, et al., International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium. Polygenic risk of Parkinson disease is correlated with disease age at onset. Ann Neurol 2015;77:582-91.
    • (2015) Ann Neurol , vol.77 , pp. 582-591
    • Escott-Price, V.1    Nalls, M.A.2    Morris, H.R.3
  • 15
    • 84942500662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease on the basis of clinical and genetic classification: A population-based modelling study
    • Nalls MA, McLean CY, Rick J, et al. Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease on the basis of clinical and genetic classification: a population-based modelling study. Lancet Neurol 2015;14:1002-9.
    • (2015) Lancet Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 1002-1009
    • Nalls, M.A.1    McLean, C.Y.2    Rick, J.3
  • 16
    • 84868134823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using genome-wide complex trait analysis to quantify 'missing heritability' in Parkinson's disease
    • Keller MF, Saad M, Bras J, et al. Using genome-wide complex trait analysis to quantify 'missing heritability' in Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2012;21:4996-5009.
    • (2012) Hum Mol Genet , vol.21 , pp. 4996-5009
    • Keller, M.F.1    Saad, M.2    Bras, J.3
  • 17
    • 84866164284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • α-Synuclein genetic variants predict faster motor symptom progression in idiopathic Parkinson disease
    • Ritz B, Rhodes SL, Bordelon Y, et al. α-Synuclein genetic variants predict faster motor symptom progression in idiopathic Parkinson disease. PLoS ONE 2012;7: e36199.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e36199
    • Ritz, B.1    Rhodes, S.L.2    Bordelon, Y.3
  • 18
    • 0020680904 scopus 로고
    • Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis
    • Langston JW, Ballard P, Tetrud JW, et al. Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science 1983;219:979-80.
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , pp. 979-980
    • Langston, J.W.1    Ballard, P.2    Tetrud, J.W.3
  • 19
    • 61449126074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism and dystonia caused by the illicit use of ephedrone-A longitudinal study
    • Selikhova M, Fedoryshyn L, Matviyenko Y, et al. Parkinsonism and dystonia caused by the illicit use of ephedrone-a longitudinal study. Mov Disord 2008;23:2224-31.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 2224-2231
    • Selikhova, M.1    Fedoryshyn, L.2    Matviyenko, Y.3
  • 20
    • 84930029306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain injury in later life increases risk for Parkinson disease
    • Gardner RC, Burke JF, Nettiksimmons J, et al. Traumatic brain injury in later life increases risk for Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2015;77:987-95.
    • (2015) Ann Neurol , vol.77 , pp. 987-995
    • Gardner, R.C.1    Burke, J.F.2    Nettiksimmons, J.3
  • 21
    • 84873352895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy
    • McKee AC, Stein TD, Nowinski CJ, et al. The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Brain 2013;136:43-64.
    • (2013) Brain , vol.136 , pp. 43-64
    • McKee, A.C.1    Stein, T.D.2    Nowinski, C.J.3
  • 22
    • 84866103728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caffeine for treatment of Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial
    • Postuma RB, Lang AE, Munhoz RP, et al. Caffeine for treatment of Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2012;79:651-8.
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.79 , pp. 651-658
    • Postuma, R.B.1    Lang, A.E.2    Munhoz, R.P.3
  • 23
    • 84864005036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine as a potential neuroprotective agent for Parkinson's disease
    • Quik M, Perez XA, Bordia T. Nicotine as a potential neuroprotective agent for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012;27:947-57.
    • (2012) Mov Disord , vol.27 , pp. 947-957
    • Quik, M.1    Perez, X.A.2    Bordia, T.3
  • 24
    • 84913533374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mendelian randomization of serum urate and Parkinson disease progression
    • Simon KC, Eberly S, Gao X, et al. Mendelian randomization of serum urate and Parkinson disease progression. Ann Neurol 2014;76:862-8.
    • (2014) Ann Neurol , vol.76 , pp. 862-868
    • Simon, K.C.1    Eberly, S.2    Gao, X.3
  • 25
    • 32544432029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and management
    • Chaudhuri KR, Healy DG, Schapira AHV, et al. Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol 2006;5:235-45.
    • (2006) Lancet Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 235-245
    • Chaudhuri, K.R.1    Healy, D.G.2    Schapira, A.H.V.3
  • 26
    • 78349236177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are the most important nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease and are we missing them?
    • Gallagher DA, Lees AJ, Schrag A. What are the most important nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease and are we missing them? Mov Disord 2010;25:2493-500.
    • (2010) Mov Disord , vol.25 , pp. 2493-2500
    • Gallagher, D.A.1    Lees, A.J.2    Schrag, A.3
  • 27
    • 64349083816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: Dopaminergic pathophysiology and treatment
    • Chaudhuri KR, Schapira AH. Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: dopaminergic pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:464-74.
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 464-474
    • Chaudhuri, K.R.1    Schapira, A.H.2
  • 28
    • 84918571393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediagnostic presentations of Parkinson's disease in primary care: A case-control study
    • Schrag A, Horsfall L, Walters K, et al. Prediagnostic presentations of Parkinson's disease in primary care: a case-control study. Lancet Neurol 2015;14:57-64.
    • (2015) Lancet Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 57-64
    • Schrag, A.1    Horsfall, L.2    Walters, K.3
  • 30
    • 0038408929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfaction in neurodegenerative disorder
    • Hawkes C. Olfaction in neurodegenerative disorder. Mov Disord 2003;18:364-72.
    • (2003) Mov Disord , vol.18 , pp. 364-372
    • Hawkes, C.1
  • 31
    • 33744991945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder as an early marker for a neurodegenerative disorder: A descriptive study
    • Iranzo A, Molinuevo JL, Santamaría J, et al. Rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder as an early marker for a neurodegenerative disorder: a descriptive study. Lancet Neurol 2006;5:572-7.
    • (2006) Lancet Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 572-577
    • Iranzo, A.1    Molinuevo, J.L.2    Santamaría, J.3
  • 32
    • 84928215818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for neurodegeneration in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: A multicenter study
    • Postuma RB, Iranzo A, Hogl B, et al. Risk factors for neurodegeneration in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a multicenter study. Ann Neurol 2015;77:830-9.
    • (2015) Ann Neurol , vol.77 , pp. 830-839
    • Postuma, R.B.1    Iranzo, A.2    Hogl, B.3
  • 33
    • 84923253769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory dysfunction predicts early transition to a Lewy body disease in idiopathic RBD
    • Mahlknecht P, Iranzo A, Hogl B, et al. Olfactory dysfunction predicts early transition to a Lewy body disease in idiopathic RBD. Neurology 2015;84:654-8.
    • (2015) Neurology , vol.84 , pp. 654-658
    • Mahlknecht, P.1    Iranzo, A.2    Hogl, B.3
  • 34
    • 84925308554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson risk in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder: Preparing for neuroprotective trials
    • Postuma RB, Gagnon J-F, Bertrand J-A, et al. Parkinson risk in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder: preparing for neuroprotective trials. Neurology 2015;84:1104-13.
    • (2015) Neurology , vol.84 , pp. 1104-1113
    • Postuma, R.B.1    Gagnon, J.-F.2    Bertrand, J.-A.3
  • 35
    • 84944460691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease
    • Berg D, Postuma RB, Adler CH, et al. MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2015;30:1600-11.
    • (2015) Mov Disord , vol.30 , pp. 1600-1611
    • Berg, D.1    Postuma, R.B.2    Adler, C.H.3
  • 36
    • 84861561293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does parkinsonism start? Prodromal parkinsonism motor changes in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder
    • Postuma RB, Lang AE, Gagnon JF, et al. How does parkinsonism start? Prodromal parkinsonism motor changes in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder. Brain 2012;135:1860-70.
    • (2012) Brain , vol.135 , pp. 1860-1870
    • Postuma, R.B.1    Lang, A.E.2    Gagnon, J.F.3
  • 37
    • 84886387501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative wearable sensors for objective assessment of Parkinson's disease
    • Maetzler W, Domingos J, Srulijes K, et al. Quantitative wearable sensors for objective assessment of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2013;28:1628-37.
    • (2013) Mov Disord , vol.28 , pp. 1628-1637
    • Maetzler, W.1    Domingos, J.2    Srulijes, K.3
  • 38
    • 84959216047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An emerging era in the management of Parkinson's disease: Wearable technologies and the internet of things
    • Pasluosta CF, Gassner H, Winkler J, et al. An emerging era in the management of Parkinson's disease: wearable technologies and the internet of things. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2015;19:1873-81.
    • (2015) IEEE J Biomed Health Inform , vol.19 , pp. 1873-1881
    • Pasluosta, C.F.1    Gassner, H.2    Winkler, J.3
  • 39
    • 77950931868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging approaches to Parkinson disease
    • Brooks DJ. Imaging approaches to Parkinson disease. J Nucl Med 2010;51:596-609.
    • (2010) J Nucl Med , vol.51 , pp. 596-609
    • Brooks, D.J.1
  • 40
    • 70350678559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal progression of sporadic Parkinson's disease: A multi-tracer positron emission tomography study
    • Nandhagopal R, Kuramoto L, Schulzer M, et al. Longitudinal progression of sporadic Parkinson's disease: a multi-tracer positron emission tomography study. Brain 2009;132:2970-9.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 2970-2979
    • Nandhagopal, R.1    Kuramoto, L.2    Schulzer, M.3
  • 41
    • 82755161902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI)
    • Marek K, Jennings D, Lasch S, et al. The Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI). Prog Neurobiol 2011;95:629-35.
    • (2011) Prog Neurobiol , vol.95 , pp. 629-635
    • Marek, K.1    Jennings, D.2    Lasch, S.3
  • 42
    • 80051665062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial dopamine transporter imaging of nigrostriatal function in patients with idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder: A prospective study
    • Iranzo A, Valldeoriola F, Lomeña F, et al. Serial dopamine transporter imaging of nigrostriatal function in patients with idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder: a prospective study. Lancet Neurol 2011;10:797-805.
    • (2011) Lancet Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 797-805
    • Iranzo, A.1    Valldeoriola, F.2    Lomeña, F.3
  • 43
    • 84922226466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging prodromal Parkinson disease: The Parkinson Associated Risk Syndrome study
    • Jennings D, Siderowf A, Stern M, et al. Imaging prodromal Parkinson disease: the Parkinson Associated Risk Syndrome study. Neurology 2014;83:1739-46.
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.83 , pp. 1739-1746
    • Jennings, D.1    Siderowf, A.2    Stern, M.3
  • 44
    • 41949137200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The specificity and sensitivity of transcranial ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: A prospective blinded study
    • Gaenslen A, Unmuth B, Godau J, et al. The specificity and sensitivity of transcranial ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: a prospective blinded study. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:417-24.
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 417-424
    • Gaenslen, A.1    Unmuth, B.2    Godau, J.3
  • 45
    • 84862777562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy for differentiating Parkinson's disease from other neurodegenerative parkinsonism: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Orimo S, Suzuki M, Inaba A, et al. 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy for differentiating Parkinson's disease from other neurodegenerative parkinsonism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012;18: 494-500.
    • (2012) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.18 , pp. 494-500
    • Orimo, S.1    Suzuki, M.2    Inaba, A.3
  • 46
    • 33847205751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degeneration of cardiac sympathetic nerve begins in the early disease process of Parkinson's disease
    • Orimo S, Takahashi A, Uchihara T, et al. Degeneration of cardiac sympathetic nerve begins in the early disease process of Parkinson's disease. Brain Pathol 2007;17:24-30.
    • (2007) Brain Pathol , vol.17 , pp. 24-30
    • Orimo, S.1    Takahashi, A.2    Uchihara, T.3
  • 47
    • 84896403898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in pre-motor Parkinson's disease: A review
    • Sakakibara R, Tateno F, Kishi M, et al. MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in pre-motor Parkinson's disease: a review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014;20:267-73.
    • (2014) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.20 , pp. 267-273
    • Sakakibara, R.1    Tateno, F.2    Kishi, M.3
  • 49
    • 84883303537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma apolipoprotein A1 as a biomarker for Parkinson disease
    • Qiang JK, Wong YC, Siderowf A, et al. Plasma apolipoprotein A1 as a biomarker for Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2013;74:119-27.
    • (2013) Ann Neurol , vol.74 , pp. 119-127
    • Qiang, J.K.1    Wong, Y.C.2    Siderowf, A.3
  • 50
    • 84908351208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in parkinsonian conditions: An update and future directions
    • Magdalinou N, Lees AJ, Zetterberg H. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in parkinsonian conditions: an update and future directions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014;85:1065-75.
    • (2014) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.85 , pp. 1065-1075
    • Magdalinou, N.1    Lees, A.J.2    Zetterberg, H.3
  • 51
    • 77958558412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonic biopsies to assess the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease and its relationship with symptoms
    • Lebouvier T, Neunlist M, Bruley des Varannes S, et al. Colonic biopsies to assess the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease and its relationship with symptoms. PLoS ONE 2010;5:e12728.
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5 , pp. e12728
    • Lebouvier, T.1    Neunlist, M.2    Bruley Des-Varannes, S.3
  • 52
    • 77953021942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-organ distribution of phosphorylated α-synuclein histopathology in subjects with Lewy body disorders
    • Beach TG, Adler CH, Sue LI, et al., Arizona Parkinson's Disease Consortium. Multi-organ distribution of phosphorylated α-synuclein histopathology in subjects with Lewy body disorders. Acta Neuropathol 2010;119:689-702.
    • (2010) Acta Neuropathol , vol.119 , pp. 689-702
    • Beach, T.G.1    Adler, C.H.2    Sue, L.I.3
  • 53
    • 84897432656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alimentary, my dear Watson? The challenges of enteric α-synuclein as a Parkinson's disease biomarker
    • Visanji NP, Marras C, Hazrati LN, et al. Alimentary, my dear Watson? The challenges of enteric α-synuclein as a Parkinson's disease biomarker. Mov Disord 2014;29:444-50.
    • (2014) Mov Disord , vol.29 , pp. 444-450
    • Visanji, N.P.1    Marras, C.2    Hazrati, L.N.3
  • 54
    • 84941167046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson's disease
    • Keshavarzian A, Green SJ, Engen PA, et al. Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2015;30:1351-60.
    • (2015) Mov Disord , vol.30 , pp. 1351-1360
    • Keshavarzian, A.1    Green, S.J.2    Engen, P.A.3
  • 55
    • 84872870323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Submandibular gland biopsy for the diagnosis of Parkinson disease
    • Beach TG, Adler CH, Dugger BN, et al. Submandibular gland biopsy for the diagnosis of Parkinson disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2013;72:130-6.
    • (2013) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.72 , pp. 130-136
    • Beach, T.G.1    Adler, C.H.2    Dugger, B.N.3
  • 56
    • 84902076322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin nerve α-synuclein deposits: A biomarker for idiopathic Parkinson disease
    • Donadio V, Incensi A, Leta V, et al. Skin nerve α-synuclein deposits: a biomarker for idiopathic Parkinson disease. Neurology 2014;82:1362-9.
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.82 , pp. 1362-1369
    • Donadio, V.1    Incensi, A.2    Leta, V.3
  • 57
    • 79960173762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enlarged substantia nigra hyperechogenicity and risk for Parkinson disease: A 37-month 3-center study of 1847 older persons
    • Berg D, Seppi K, Behnke S, et al. Enlarged substantia nigra hyperechogenicity and risk for Parkinson disease: a 37-month 3-center study of 1847 older persons. Arch Neurol 2011;68:932-7.
    • (2011) Arch Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 932-937
    • Berg, D.1    Seppi, K.2    Behnke, S.3
  • 58
    • 84897957919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prodromal features for Parkinson's disease-baseline data from the TREND study
    • Gaenslen A, Wurster I, Brockmann K, et al. Prodromal features for Parkinson's disease-baseline data from the TREND study. Eur J Neurol 2014;21:766-72.
    • (2014) Eur J Neurol , vol.21 , pp. 766-772
    • Gaenslen, A.1    Wurster, I.2    Brockmann, K.3
  • 59
    • 84978468790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delineating nonmotor symptoms in early Parkinson's disease and first-degree relatives
    • Published Online First: 14 Jul.
    • Baig F, Lawton M, Rolinski M, et al. Delineating nonmotor symptoms in early Parkinson's disease and first-degree relatives. Mov Disord. Published Online First: 14 Jul 2015. doi:10.1002/mds.26281
    • (2015) Mov Disord
    • Baig, F.1    Lawton, M.2    Rolinski, M.3
  • 60
    • 84891828446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PREDICT-PD: Identifying risk of Parkinson's disease in the community: Methods and baseline results
    • Noyce AJ, Bestwick JP, Silveira-Moriyama L, et al. PREDICT-PD: Identifying risk of Parkinson's disease in the community: methods and baseline results. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013;85:31-7.
    • (2013) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.85 , pp. 31-37
    • Noyce, A.J.1    Bestwick, J.P.2    Silveira-Moriyama, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.