Lidar-Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC) for the retrieval of vertical aerosol properties from combined lidar/radiometer data: Development and distribution in EARLINET

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 1181-1205

  Chaikovsky, Anatoli ^a   Dubovik, Oleg ^b   Holben, Brent ^c   Bril, Andrey ^a   Goloub, Philippe ^b   Tanré, Didier ^b   Pappalardo, Gelsomina ^d   Wandinger, Ulla ^e   Chaikovskaya, Ludmila ^a   Denisov, Sergey ^a   Grudo, Jan ^a   Lopatin, Anton ^a   Karol, Yana ^a   Lapyonok, Tatsiana ^b   Amiridis, Vassilis ^f   Ansmann, Albert ^e   Apituley, Arnoud ^g   Allados Arboledas, Lucas ^h   Binietoglou, Ioannis ⁱ   Boselli, Antonella ^d,j   D'Amico, Giuseppe ^d   Freudenthaler, Volker ^k   Giles, David ^c   Granados Muñoz, María José ^h   Kokkalis, Panayotis ^f,l   Nicolae, Doina ⁱ   Oshchepkov, Sergey ^a   Papayannis, Alex ^l   Rita Perrone, Maria ^m   Pietruczuk, Alexander ⁿ   Rocadenbosch, Francesc ^o   Sicard, Michaël ^o   Slutsker, Ilya ^c   Talianu, Camelia ⁱ   De Tomasi, Ferdinando ^m   Tsekeri, Alexandra ^f   Wagner, Janet ^e   Wang, Xuan ^j   more..

^a B I STEPANOV INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS   (Belarus)

^b Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille   (France)

^c NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^d CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche   (Italy)

^e LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR TROPOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (Germany)

^f NATIONAL OBSERVATORY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^g ROYAL NETHERLANDS METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE KNMI   (Netherlands)

^h UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

ⁱ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR OPTOELECTRONICS INOE 2000   (Romania)

^j Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia ^*  (Italy)

^k UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^l NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^m UNIVERSITY OF SALENTO   (Italy)

ⁿ INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS   (Poland)

^o INSTITUT D ESTUDIS ESPACIALS DE CATALUNYA IEEC   (Spain)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AERONET; AEROSOL COMPOSITION; ALGORITHM; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DATA PROCESSING; LIDAR; RADIOMETRIC METHOD; SOFTWARE;

GERMANY; LEIPZIG; SAXONY;

EID: 84962909510     PISSN: 18671381     EISSN: 18678548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-1181-2016     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Ansmann, A., Baars, H., Tesche, M., Möller, D., Althausen, D., Engelmann, R., Pauliquevis, T., and Artaxo, P.: Dust and smoke transport from Africa to South America: Lidar profiling over Cape Verde and the Amazon rainforest. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L11802, doi:10.1029/2009GL037923, 2009.
2. Ansmann, A., Tesche, M., Grob, S., Freudenthaler, V., Seifert, P., Hiebsch, A., Schmidt, J., Wandinger, U., Mattis, I., Möller, D., and Wiegner, M.: The 16 April 2010 major volcanic ash plume over central Europe: EARLINET lidar and AERONET photometer observations at Leipzig and Munich, Germany, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L13810, doi:10.1029/2010GL043809, 2010.
3. Ansmann, A., Tesche, M., Seifert, P., Grob, S., Freudenthaler, V., Apituley, A., Wilson, K. M., Serikov, I., Linné, H., Heinold, B., Hiebsch, A., Schnell, F., Schmidt, J., Mattis, I., Wandinger, U., and Wiegner, M.: Ash and fine mode particle mass profiles from EARLINET/AERONET observations over central Europe after the eruptions of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano in 2010, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D00U02, doi:10.1029/2010JD015567, 2011.
4. Ansmann, A., Seifert, P., Tesche, M., and Wandinger, U.: Profiling of fine and coarse particle mass: case studies of Saharan dust and Eyjafjallajökull/Grimsvötn volcanic plumes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9399-9415, doi:10.5194/acp-12-9399-2012, 2012.
5. Antuña, J. C., Landulfo, E., Clemesha, B., Zaratti, F., Quel, E., Bastidas, A., Estevan, R., and Barja, B.: Lidar community in Latin America: A decade of challenges and successes: in Reviewed and Revised Papers Presented at the 26th International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2012), 25-29 June 2012, Porto Heli, Greece, 323-326, 2012.
6. Biele, J., Beyerle, G. and Baumgarten G.: Polarization lidar: corrections of instrumental effects, Opt. Express 7, 427-435, 2000.
7. Binietoglou, I., Basart, S., Alados-Arboledas, L., Amiridis, V., Argyrouli, A., Baars, H., Baldasano, J. M., Balis, D., Belegante, L., Bravo-Aranda, J. A., Burlizzi, P., Carrasco, V., Chaikovsky, A., Comerón, A., DAmico, G., Filioglou, M., Granados-Muñoz, M. J., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Ilic, L., Kokkalis, P., Maurizi, A., Mona, L., Monti, F., Muñoz-Porcar, C., Nicolae, D., Papayannis, A., Pappalardo, G., Pejanovic, G., Pereira, S. N., Perrone, M. R., Pietruczuk, A., Posyniak, M., Rocadenbosch, F., Rodríguez-Gómez, A., Sicard, M., Siomos, N., Szkop, A., Terradellas, E., Tsekeri, A., Vukovic, A., Wandinger, U., and Wagner, J.: A methodology for investigating dust model performance using synergistic EARLINET/AERONET dust concentration retrievals, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 3577-3600, doi:10.5194/amt-8-3577-2015, 2015.
8. Bösenberg, J. and Hoff, R. M.: Plan for the implementation of the GAWAerosol Lidar Observation Network GALION, World Meteorological Report #178, WMO Geneva, Switzerland, 2007.
9. Bösenberg, J., Ansmann, A., Baldasano, J. M., Balis, D., Böckmann, Ch., Calpini, B., Chaikovsky, A., Flamant, P., Hagard, A., Mitev, V., Papayannis, A., Pelon, J., Resendes, D., Schneider J., Spinelli, N., Trickl, T., Vaughan, G., Visconti, G., and Wiegner, M.: EARLINET-A European Aerosol Research Lidar Network, Advances in Laser Remote sensing, in: Selected papers 20th Int. Laser Radar Conference (ILRC), 10-14 July 2000, Vichy, France, 155-158, 2000.
10. Cattrall, C., Reagan, J., Thome, K., and Dubovik, O.: Variability of aerosol and spectral lidar and extinction ratios of key aerosol types derived from selected aerosol robotic network locations, J. Geophys. Res, 110, D10S11, doi:10.1029/2004JD005124, 2005.
11. Chaikovsky, A., Bril, A., Barun, V., Dubovik, O., Holben, B., Goloub, P., and Sobolewski, P.: Methodology and sample results of retrieving aerosol parameters by combined multi-wavelength lidar and Sun-sky scanning measurements, Proc. SPIE 5397, Tenth Joint International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics/Atmospheric Physics. Part II: Laser Sensing and Atmospheric Physics, 23 February 2004, 146, doi:10.1117/12.548588, 2004a.
12. Chaikovsky, A., Bril, A., Barun, V., Dubovik, O., Holben, B., Thompson, A., Goloub, P., and Sobolewski P.: Studying altitude profiles of atmospheric aerosol parameters by combined multiwavelength lidar and sun sky radiance measurements, Reviewed and Revised papers presented at the 22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004), 12-16 July 2004, Matera, Italy, 345-348, 2004b.
13. Chaikovsky, A., Bril, A., Dubovik, O., Holben, B., Thompson, A., Goloub, P., ONeill, N., Sobolewski, P., Bösenberg, J., Ansmann, A., Wandinger, U., and Mattis, I.: CIMEL and multiwavelength lidar measurements for troposphere aerosol altitude distributions investigation, long-range transfer monitoring and regional ecological problems solution: field validation of retrieval techniques, Optica Pura y Aplicada, 37, 3241-3246, 2004c.
14. Chaikovsky, A., Kabashnikov, V., Germenchuk, M., Goloub, P., Dubovik, O., Zhukova, O., Ivanov, A., Kozeruk, B., Korol, Y., Lopatsin, A., Asipenka, F., and Utochkina, S.: Monitoring of transboundary pollution transfer in the atmosphere with use of remote sounding systems and the global and regional measuring network data: I Operational monitoring of particular matter in Belarus region, Nature Resour., 1, 95-108, 2010a (in Russian).
15. Chaikovsky A., Dubovik, O., Goloub, P., Tanré, D., Lopatsin, A., Denisov, S., Lapyonok, T., and Karol, Y.: The retrieval of aerosol microphysical properties in the vertical column using combined lidar/photometer data: A step to integrating photometer and lidar networks, Proceedings of the 25th International Laser Radar Conference, 5-9 July 2010, St.-Petersburg, Russia, 1087-1091. 2010b.
16. Chaikovsky, A., Dubovik, O., Goloub, P., Tanré, D., Pappalardo, G., Wandinger, U., Chaikovskaya, L., Denisov, S., Grudo, Y., Lopatsin, A., Karol, Y., Lapyonok, T., Korol, M., Osipenko, F., Savitski, D., Slesar, A., Apituley, A., Arboledas, L. A., Binietoglou, I., Kokkalis, P., Granados-Muñoz, M. J., Papayannis, A., Perrone, M. R., Pietruczuk, A., Pisani, G., Rocadenbosch, F., Sicard, M., De Tomasi, F., Wagner, J., and Wang, X.: Algorithm and software for the retrieval of vertical aerosol properties using combined lidar/radiometer data: Dissemination in EARLINET, in: Proceedings of the 26th International Laser and Radar Conference, 25-29 June 2012, Porto Heli, Greece, 399-402, 2012.
17. Chaikovsky, A. P., Dubovik, O., Holben, B. N., and Bril A. I.: Methodology to retrieve atmospheric aerosol parameters by combining ground-based measurements of multiwavelength lidar and sun sky-scanning radiometer, Eighth International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, 28 February 2002, Proc. SPIE 4678, 257-268, doi:10.1117/12.458450, 2002.
18. Chaikovsky, A. P., Ivanov, A. P., Balin, Y. S., Elnikov, A. V., Tulinov, G. F., Plusnin, I. I., Bukin, O. A., and Chen B. B.: CISLiNet lidar network for monitoring aerosol and ozone: methodology and instrumentation, Atmos. and Oceanic Opt., 18, 958-963, 2005.
19. Chaykovskii, A. P.: Method for investigating the structure of the stratospheric aerosol layer based on laser echo depolarization measurements, Atmos. and Oceanic Opt., 3, 1221-1223, 1990.
20. Colarco, P. R., Schoeberl, M. R., Doddridge B. G., Marufu, L. T., Torres O., and Welton, E. J.: Transport of smoke from Canadian forest fires to the surface near Washington, D.C.: Injection height, entrainment, and optical properties, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06203, doi:10.1029/2003JD004248, 2004.
21. Committee on Space Research: NASA National Space Science Data Center: COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA-86): Global Climatology of Atmospheric Parameters. NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre, available at: http://browse. ceda.ac.uk/browse/badc/cira/data/(last access: 13 March 2016), 2006.
22. Cuesta, J., Flamant, H. P., and Flamant, C.: Synergetic technique combining elastic backscatter lidar data and sunphotometer AERONET inversion for retrieval by layer of aerosol optical and microphysical properties, Appl. Optics, 47, 4598-4611, 2008.
23. David, G., Thomas, B., Nousiainen, T., Miffre, A., and Rairoux, P.: Retrieving simulated volcanic, desert dust and sea-salt particle properties from two/three-component particle mixtures using UV-VIS polarization lidar and T matrix, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6757-6776, doi:10.5194/acp-13-6757-2013, 2013.
24. Doicu, A., Trautmann T., and Schreier, F. Numerical Regularization for Atmospheric Inverse Problem, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, Germany, 426 pp., 2010.
25. Dubovik, O. and King, M.: A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties from Sun and sky radiance measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20673-20696, 2000.
26. Dubovik, O., Smirnov, A., Holben, B. N., King, M. D., Kaufman, Y., Eck T. F., and Slutsker, I.: Accuracy assessments of aerosol optical properties retrieved from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun and sky radiance measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 9791-9800, 2000.
27. Dubovik, O., Holben, B. N., Lapyonok, T., Sinyuk, A., Mishchenko, M. I., Yang, P., and Slutsker, I.: Non-spherical aerosol retrieval method employing light scattering by spheroids, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 54-1-54-4, doi:10.1029/2001GL014506, 2002.
28. Dubovik, O.: Optimization of Numerical Inversion in Photopolarimetric Remote Sensing, in: Photopolarimetry in Remote Sensing, edited by: Videen, G., Yatskiv, Y., and Mishchenko, M., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 65-106, 2004.
29. Dubovik, O., Sinyuk, A., Lapyonok, T., Holben, B. N., Mishchenko, M., Yang, P., Eck, T. F., Volten, H., Munoz, O., Veihelmann, B., van der Zande, W. J., Leon, J.-F., Sorokin, M., and Slutsker, I.: Application of spheroid models to account for aerosol particle nonsphericity in remote sensing of desert dust, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D11208, doi:10.1029/2005JD006619, 2006.
30. Dubovik, O., Herman, M., Holdak, A., Lapyonok, T., Tanré, D., Deuzé, J. L., Ducos, F., Sinyuk, A., and Lopatin, A.: Statistically optimized inversion algorithm for enhanced retrieval of aerosol properties from spectral multi-Angle polarimetric satellite observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 975-1018, doi:10.5194/amt-4-975-2011, 2011.
31. Dubovik, O., Lapyonok, T., Litvinov, P., Herman, M., Fuertes, D., Ducos, F., Lopatin, A., Chaikovsky, A., Torres, B., Derimian, Y., Xin Huang, Aspetsberger, M., and Federspiel, C.: GRASP: A versatile algorithm for characterizing the atmosphere, SPIE Newsroom, doi:10.1117/2.1201408.005558, 2014.
32. Fleming, E., Chandra, S., Shoeberl, M., and Barnett, J.: Monthly Mean Global Climatology of Temperature, Wind, Geopotential Height, and Pressure for 0-120 km, NASA Technical Memorandum 100697, 91 pp., 1988.
33. Freudenthaler, V., Gross, S., Engelmann, R., Mattis, I, Wandinger, U., Pappalardo, G., Amodeo, A., Giunta, A., DAmico, G., Chaikovsky A., Osipenko, F., Slesar, A., Nicolae, D., Belegante, L., Talianu, C., Serikov, I., Linne, H., Jansen, F., Wilson, K., Graaf, M., Apituley, A., Trickl, T., Giehl, H., and Adam, M.: EARLI09-Direct intercomparison of eleven EARLINET lidar systems, Proceedings of the 25th International Laser Radar Conference, 5-9 July 2010, St.-Petersburg, Russia, 891-894, 2010.
34. Ganguly, D., Ginoux, P., Ramaswamy, V., Dubovik, O., Welton, J., Reid, E. A., and Holben, B. N.: Inferring the composition and concentration of aerosols by combining AERONET and MPLNET data: Comparison with other measurements and utilization to evaluate GCM output, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D16203, doi:10.1029/2009JD011895, 2009a.
35. Ganguly, D., Ginoux, P., Ramaswamy, V., Ganguly, D., Winker, D. M., Holben, B. N., and Tripathi, S. N.: Retrieving the composition and concentration of aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic basin using CALIOP and AERONET data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13806, doi:10.1029/2009GL038315, 2009b.
36. Gasteiger, J., Grob, S., Freudenthaler, V., and Wiegner, M.: Volcanic ash from Iceland over Munich: mass concentration retrieved from ground-based remote sensing measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2209-2223, doi:10.5194/acp-11-2209-2011, 2011.
37. Granados-Muñoz, M. J., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Bravo-Aranda, J. A., Navas-Guzmán, F., Valenzuela, A., Lyamani, H., Chaikovsky, A., Wandinger, U., Ansmann, A., Dubovik, O., Grudo, J., and Alados-Arboledas, L.: Retrieving aerosol microphysical properties by Lidar-Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC) for different aerosol types, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 4836-4858, doi:10.1002/2013JD021116, 2014.
38. Granados-Muñoz, M. J., Bravo-Aranda, J. A., Baumgardner, D., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Pérez-Ramírez, D., Navas-Guzmán, F., Veselovskii, I., Lyamani, H., Valenzuela, A., Olmo, F. J., Titos, G., Andrey, J., Chaikovsky, A., Dubovik, O., Gil-Ojeda, M., and Alados-Arboledas, L.: Study of aerosol microphysical properties profiles retrieved from ground-based remote sensing and aircraft in-situ measurements during a Saharan dust event, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 9289-9338, doi:10.5194/amtd-8-9289-2015, 2015a.
39. Granados-Muñoz, M. J., Navas-Guzmán, F., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Bravo-Aranda, J. A., Binietoglou, I., Pereira, S. N., Basart, S., Baldasano, J. M., Belegante, L., Chaikovsky, A., Comerón, A., DAmico, G., Dubovik, O., Ilic, L., Kokkalis, P., Muñoz-Porcar, C., Nickovic, S., Nicolae, D., Olmo, F. J., Papayannis, A., Pappalardo, G., Rodríguez, A., Schepanski, K., Sicard, M., Vukovic, A., Wandinger, U., Dulac, F., and Alados-Arboledas, L.: Profiling of aerosol microphysical properties at several EARLINET/AERONET sites during July 2012 ChArMEx/EMEP campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 15, 32831-32887, doi:10.5194/acpd-15-32831-2015, 2015b.
40. Hansen, P. C.: The L-curve and its use in the numerical treatment of inverse problems. Computational Inverse Problems in Electrocardiology, WIT Press, Southampton, UK, 119-142, 2001.
41. Hashimoto, M., Nakajima, T., Dubovik, O., Campanelli, M., Che, H., Khatri, P., Takamura, T., and Pandithurai, G.: Development of a new data-processing method for SKYNET sky radiometer observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 2723-2737, doi:10.5194/amt-5-2723-2012, 2012.
42. Hoff, R., Moshary, F., Ahmed, S., Gross, B., Mc-Cormick, M. P., and Parsiani, H.: Plan for the implementation of the CREST Lidar Network (CLN). CREST Publication Series vol 07, no. 01-2009, University of Maryland, Baltimore County/City College of New York/Hampton University/Mayaguez University, 2009.
43. Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., Tanré, D., Buis, J. P., Setzer, A., Vermote, E., Reagan, J. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Nakajima, T., Lavenu, F., I, J., and Smirnov, A.: AERONET-A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Remote Sens. Environ., 66, 1-16, 1998.
44. Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., Smirnov, A., Sinyuk, A., Schafer, J., Giles, D., and Dubovik, O.: AERONETs Version 2.0 quality assurance criteria, in Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Clouds, edited by: Tsay, S.-C., Nakajima, T., Singh, R. P., and Sridharan R., Proc. SPIE, 6408, 64080Q, doi:10.1117/12.706524, 2006.
45. Kabashnikov, V., Chaikovsky, A., Denisov, S., Dubovik, O., Goloub, P., Ivanov, A., V. Kusmin, V., Kazeruk, D., Korol, M., Karol, Y., Lopatsin, A., Miatselskaya, N., Osipenko, F., Pietruczuk, F., Slesar, A., Sobolewski, H., and Tanre, D.: Long range transport of air pollution in the east European regions: four years observations, in Proceedings of the 25th International Laser Radar Conference, 5-9 July 2010, St.-Petersburg, Russia, 1043-1046, 2010.
46. Klett, D.: Stable analytical inversion solution for processing lidar returns, Appl. Optics, 20, 211-220, 1981.
47. Kokkalis, P., Papayannis, A., Amiridis, V., Mamouri, R. E., Chaikovsky, A., Dubovik, O., and Tsekeri, A.: Evaluation of fine mode lidar concentration retrievals using airborne in-situ measurements, Reviewed and revised papers of the 26th International Lidar Radar Conference, 25-29 June 2012, Porto Heli, Peloponnesus, Greece, 617-620, 2012.
48. Kokkalis, P., Papayannis, A., Amiridis, V., Mamouri, R. E., Veselovskii, I., Kolgotin, A., Tsaknakis, G., Kristiansen, N. I., Stohl, A., and Mona, L.: Optical, microphysical, mass and geometrical properties of aged volcanic particles observed over Athens, Greece, during the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in April 2010 through synergy of Raman lidar and sunphotometer measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9303-9320, doi:10.5194/acp-13-9303-2013, 2013.
49. Levenberg, K.: A method for the solution of certain problems in least squares, Q. Appl. Math., 2, 164-168, 1944.
50. Levy, R. C, Remer, L. A., Mattoo, S., Vermote, E. F., and Kaufman, Y. J.: Second-generation operational algorithm: Retrieval of aerosol properties over land from inversion of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer spectral reflectance, J. Geophys. Res, 112, D13211, doi:10.1029/2006JD007811, 2007a.
51. Levy, R. C, Remer, L. A., and Dubovik, O.: Global aerosol optical models and application to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol retrieval over land, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D13210, doi:10.1029/2006JD007815, 2007b.
52. Li, Z., Goloub, P., Dubovik, O., Blarel, L., Zhang, W., Podvin, T., Sinyuk A., Sorokin, M., Chen, H., Holben, B. N., Tanre, D., Canini, M., and Buis, J.-P: Improvements for ground-based remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol properties by additional polarimetric measurements, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 110, 1954-1961, 2009.
53. Lopatin, A., Dubovik, O., Chaikovsky, A., Goloub, P., Lapyonok, T., Tanré, D., and Litvinov, P.: Enhancement of aerosol characterization using synergy of lidar and sun-photometer coincident observations: The GARRLiC algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 2065-2088, doi:10.5194/amt-6-2065-2013, 2013.
54. Lund Myhre, C., Toledano, C., Myhre, G., Stebel, K., Yttri, K. E., Aaltonen, V., Johnsrud, M., Frioud, M., Cachorro, V., de Frutos, A., Lihavainen, H., Campbell, J. R., Chaikovsky, A. P., Shiobara, M., Welton, E. J., and Tørseth, K.: Regional aerosol optical properties and radiative impact of the extreme smoke event in the European Arctic in spring 2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5899-5915, doi:10.5194/acp-7-5899-2007, 2007.
55. Marquardt, D.: An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 11, 431-441, 1963.
56. Matthias, V., Bösenberg, J., Freudenthaler, V., Amodeo, A., Balis, D., Chaikovsky, A., Chourdakis, G., Comeron, A., Delaval, A., De Tomasi, F., Eixmann, R., Hagard, A., Komguem, L., Kreipl, S., Matthey, R., Mattis, I., Rizi, V., Rodriguez, J. A., Simeonov, V., and Wang, X.: Aerosol lidar intercomparison in the framework of the EARLINET project. 1. Instruments, Appl. Optics, 43, 961-976, 2004.
57. McKendry, I., Strawbridge, K., ONeill, N., Macdonald, A. M., Liu, P., Leaitch, R., Anlauf, K., Jaegle, L., Fairlie, T. D., and Westphal, D.: Trans-Pacific transport of Saharan dust to western North America: A case study, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D01103, doi:10.1029/2006JD007129, 2007.
58. McKendry, I., Strawbridge, K., Karumudi, M. L., ONeill, N., Macdonald, A. M., Leaitch, R., Jaffe, D., Cottle, P., Sharma, S., Sheri dan, P., and Ogren, J.: Californian forest fire plumes over Southwestern British Columbia: lidar, sunphotometry, and mountaintop chemistry observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 465-477, doi:10.5194/acp-11-465-2011, 2011.
59. Mishchenko, M. I., Hovenier, J.W., and Travis, L. D.: Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles, Elsevier, New York, USA, 2000.
60. Mishchenko, M. I., Travis, L. D., and Lacis, A. A.: Scattering, Absorption, and Emission of Light by Small Particles, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, USA, 2002.
61. Möller, D., Mattis, I., Wandinger, U., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Dubovik, O., Eckhardt, S., and Stohl, A.: Saharan dust over a Central European EARLINET-AERONET site: Combined observations with Raman lidar and Sun photometer, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4345, doi:10.1029/2002JD002918, 2003.
62. Möller, D., Veselovskii, I., Kolgotin, A., Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., and Dubovik, O.: Vertical profiles of pure dust and mixed smoke-dust plumes inferred from inversion of multiwavelength Raman/polarization lidar data and comparison to AERONET retrievals and in situ observations, Appl. Optics, 52, 3178-3202 doi:10.1364/AO.52.003178, 2013.
63. Murayama, T., Sugimoto, N., Matsui, I., Liu, Z., Sakai, T., Shibata, T., Iwsasaka, Y., Won, J.-G., Yoon, S.-C., Li, T., Zhou, J., and Hu, H.: Lidar Network Observation of Asian Dust, in: Advances in Laser Remote sensing, Selected papers 20th Int. Laser Radar Conference (ILRC), 10-14 July 2000, Vichy, France, edited by: Dabas, A., Loth, C., and Pelon, J., 169-177, 2001.
64. Nemuc, A., Vasilescu, J., Talianu, C., Belegante, L., and Nicolae, D.: Assessment of aerosols mass concentrations from measured linear particle depolarization ratio (vertically resolved) and simulations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 3243-3255, doi:10.5194/amt-6-3243-2013, 2013.
65. Papayannis, A., Amiridis, V., Mona, L., Tsaknakis, G., Balis, D., Bosenberg, J., Chaikovski, A., De Tomasi, F., Grigorov, I., Mattis, I., Mitev, V., Muller, D., Nickovic, S., Perez, C., Pietruczuk, A., Pisani, G., Ravetta, F., Rizi, V., Sicard, M., Trickl, T., Wiegner, M., Gerding, M., Mamouri, R. E., DAmico, G., and Pappalardo, G.: Systematic lidar observations of Saharan dust over Europe in the frame of EARLINET (2000-2002), J. Geophys. Res., 113, D10204, doi:10.1029/2007JD009028, 2008.
66. Papayannis, A., Mamouri, R. E., Amiridis, V., Giannakaki, E., Veselovskii, I., Kokkalis, P., Tsaknakis, G., Balis, D., Kristiansen, N. I., Stohl, A., Korenskiy, M., Allakhverdiev, K., Huseyinoglu, M. F., and Baykara, T.: Optical properties and vertical extension of aged ash layers over the Eastern Mediterranean as observed by Raman lidars during the Eyjafjallajokull eruption in May 2010, Atmos. Environ., 48, 56-65, 2012.
67. Papayannis, A., Nicolae, D., Kokkalis, P., Binetoglou, I., Talianu, C., Belegante, L., Tsaknakis., G., Cazacu, M. M., Vetres, I., and Ilic, I.: Optical, size and mass properties of mixed type aerosols in Greece and Romania as observed by synergy of lidar and sunphotometers in combination with model simulations: A case study, Sci. Tot. Environ., 500-501, 277-294, 2014.
68. Pappalardo, G., Amodeo, A., Apituley, A., Comeron, A., Freudenthaler, V., Linné, H., Ansmann, A., Bösenberg, J., DAmico, G., Mattis, I., Mona, L., Wandinger, U., Amiridis, V., Alados-Arboledas, L., Nicolae, D., and Wiegner, M.: EARLINET: Towards an advanced sustainable European aerosol lidar network, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2389-2409, doi:10.5194/amt-7-2389-2014, 2014.
69. Pietruczuk, A. and Chaikovsky, A. P.: Properties of fire smoke in eastern Europe measured by remote sensing methods, Proceedings of SPIE, 6745, 67451T, doi:10.1117/12.740916, 2007.
70. Rodgers C. D.: Inverse methods for atmospheric sounding. Theory and Practice. Word Scientific, Singapore, 238 pp., 2000.
71. Russell, P. B., Swissler, T. J., and McCormick, M. P.: Methodology for error analysis and simulation of lidar aerosol measurements, Appl. Optics, 18, 3783-3797, 1979.
72. Schuster, G. L., Vaughan, M., MacDonnell, D., Su, W., Winker, D., Dubovik, O., Lapyonok, T., and Trepte, C.: Comparison of CALIPSO aerosol optical depth retrievals to AERONET measurements, and a climatology for the lidar ratio of dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7431-7452, doi:10.5194/acp-12-7431-2012, 2012.
73. Slesar, A. S., Chaykovskii, A. P., Ivanov, A. P., Denisov, S. V., Korol, M. M., Osipenko, F. P., Balin, Yu. S., Kokhanenko, G. P., and Penner I. E.: Fotodetector modules for CIS-LiNet lidar network stations, Atmos. and Oceanic Opt., 26, 1073-1081, 2013 (in Russian).
74. Slesar, A. S., Chaikovskii, A. P., Denisov, S. V., Korol, M. M., Osipenko, F. P., Balin, Yu. S., Kokhanenko, G. P., Penner, I. E., and Novoselov M. M.: Development of photodetectors for recording lidar signals in the photon counting and analog modes, Proc. SPIE 9680, 21st International Symposium Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, 19 November 2015, 96802Q, doi:10.1117/12.2203666, 2015.
75. Takamura, T., Nakajima, T., and SKYNET community group: Overview of SKYNET and its activities, Optica Pura y Aplicada, 37, 3303-3308, 2004.
76. Tarantola, A.: Inverse Problem Theory: Methods for Data Fitting and Model Parameter Estimation, Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 614 pp., 1987.
77. Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., Möller, D., Althausen, D., Engelmann, R., Freudenthaler, V., and Grob, S.: Separation of dust and smoke profiles over Cape Verde by using multiwavelength Raman and polarization lidars during SAMUM 2008, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D13202, doi:10.1029/2009JD011862, 2009.
78. Tikhonov, A. N. and Arsenin, V. Y.: Solution of Ill-Posed Problems, Wiley, New York, USA, 300 pp., 1977.
79. Trefethen, L. N. and Bau, D.: Numerical Linear Algebra, SIAM, Philadelphia, USA, 361 pp., 1997.
80. Tsekeri, A., Amiridis, V., Kokkalis, P., Basart, S., Chaikovsky, A., Dubovik, O., Mamouri, R. E., Baldasano, J. M., and Papayannis, A.: Evaluation of dust modelling using a synergetic algorithm of lidar and sunphotometer data. Reviewed and Revised papers of the 26th International Lidar Radar Conference, 25-29 June 2012, Porto Heli, Peloponnesus, Greece, 621-624, 2012.
81. Tsekeri, A., Amiridis, V., Kokkalis, P., Basart, S., Chaikovsky, A., Dubovik, O., Mamouri, R. E., Papayannis, A., and Baldasano, J. M.: Application of a Synergetic Lidar and Sunphotometer Algorithm for the Characterization of a Dust Event Over Athens, Greece, British J. of Environment and Climate Change, 3, 531-546, doi:10.9734/BJECC/2013/2615, 2013.
82. Turchin, V. F., Kozlov, V. P., and Malkevich, M. S.: The use of mathematical-statistics methods in the solution of incorrectly posed problems, Sov. Phys. Uspekhi, 13, 681-703, 1971.
83. Twomey, S.: Introduction to the mathematics of inversion in remote sensing and indirect measurements, Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1977.
84. Veselovskii, I, Kolgotin, A., Möller, D., and Whiteman, D.: Information content of multiwavelength lidar data with respect to microphysical particle properties derived from eigenvalue analysis, Appl. Optics, 44, 5292-5303, 2005.
85. Veselovskii, I., Dubovik, O., Kolgotin, A., Lapyonok , T., Di Girolamo, P., Summa, D., Whiteman, D. N., Mishchenko, M., and Tanre D.: Application of randomly oriented spheroids for retrieval of dust particle parameters from multiwavelength lidar measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D21203, doi:10.1029/2010JD014139, 2010.
86. Vogel, C. R.: Computational Methods for Inverse Problems, SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 183 pp., 2002.
87. Volten, H., Muñoz, O., Rol, E., de Haan, J. F., Vassen, W., Hovenier, J. W., Muinonen, K., and Nousiainen, T.: Scattering matrices of mineral particles at 441.6 nm and 632.8 nm., J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17375-17401, 2001.
88. Wagner, J., Ansmann, A., Wandinger, U., Seifert, P., Schwarz, A., Tesche, M., Chaikovsky, A., and Dubovik, O.: Evaluation of the Lidar/Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC) to determine microphysical properties of volcanic and desert dust, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1707-1724, doi:10.5194/amt-6-1707-2013, 2013.
89. Wandinger, U., Freudenthaler, V., Baars, H., Amodeo, A., Engelmann, R., Mattis, I., Grob, S., Pappalardo, G., Giunta, A., DAmico, G., Chaikovsky, A., Osipenko, F., Slesar, A., Nicolae, D., Belegante, L., Talianu, C., Serikov, I., Linné, H., Jansen, F., Apituley, A., Wilson, K. M., de Graaf, M., Trickl, T., Giehl, H., Adam, M., Comerón, A., Muñoz, C., Rocadenbosch, F., Sicard, M., Tomás, S., Lange, D., Kumar, D., Pujadas, M., Molero, F., Fernández, A. J., Alados-Arboledas, L., Bravo-Aranda, J. A., Navas-Guzmán, F., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Granados-Muñoz, M. J., Preibler, J., Wagner, F., Gausa, M., Grigorov, I., Stoyanov, D., Iarlori, M., Rizi, V., Spinelli, N., Boselli, A., Wang, X., Lo Feudo, T., Perrone, M. R., De Tomasi, F., and Burlizzi, P.: EARLINET instrument intercomparison campaigns: overview on strategy and results, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 10473-10522, doi:10.5194/amtd-8-10473-2015, 2015.
90. Welton, E. J., Campbell, J. R., Berkoff, T. A., Spinhirne, J. D., Tsay, S.-C., Holben, B., and Shiobara, M.: The Micro-pulse Lidar Network (MPL-Net), in: Lidar Remote Sensing in Atmospheric and Earth Sciences, Reviewed and revised papers at the twenty-first International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC21), 1705 Quebec, Canada, 8-12 July 2002, edited by: Bisonnette, L. R., Roy, G., and Vallée, G., Defence R&D Canada-Vacartier, 285-288, 2002.
91. Winker, D. M., Hostetler, C. A., Vaughan, M. A., and Omar, A. H.: CALIOP Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document. Part 1: CALIOP Instrument, and Algorithms Overview, PC-SCI-202, Part 1, Release 2.0, 9 September 2006, 29 pp., 2006.