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The combination of chiral BOX ligands - Lewis acids has been used for catalytic asymmetric reactions such as aldol, Diels-Alder, 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, cyclopropanation, allylic substitution, allylation and addition, aziridination, hetero-Diels - Alder, carbonyl-ene, Friedel - Crafts, Mannich, aza-Henry, Claisen rearrangement, and Kharasch - Sosnovsky reactions. For details, see reviews, ref 5.
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Standard calculations were carried out by means of Gaussian 98, revision A.7: Frisch, M. J.; Trucks, G. W.; Schlegel, H. B.; Scuseria, G. E.; Robb, M. A.; Cheeseman, J. R.; Zakrzewski, V. G.; Montgomery, J. A., Jr.; Stratmann, R. E.; Burant, J. C.; Dapprich, S.; Millam, J. M.; Daniels, A. D.; Kudin, K. N.; Strain, M. C.; Farkas, O.; Tomasi, J.; Barone, V.; Cossi, M.; Cammi, R.; Mennucci, B.; Pomelli, C.; Adamo, C.; Clifford, S.; Ochterski, J.; Petersson, G. A.; Ayala, P. Y.; Cui, Q.; Morokuma, K.; Malick, D. K.; Rabuck, A. D.; Raghavachari, K.; Foresman, J. B.; Cioslowski, J.; Ortiz, J. V.; Stefanov, B. B.; Liu, G.; Liashenko, A.; Piskorz, P.; Komaromi, I.; Gomperts, R.; Martin, R. L.; Fox, D. J.; Keith, T.; Al-Laham, M. A.; Peng, C. Y.; Nanayakkara, A.; Gonzalez, C.; Challacombe, M.; Gill, P. M. W.; Johnson, B. G.; Chen, W.; Wong, M. W.; Andres, J. L.; Head-Gordon, M.; Replogle, E. S.; Pople, J. A. Gaussian 98, revision A.7; Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, PA, 1998. See computational details in Supporting Information.
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more..
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tBu-box) - alkylidene malonate complex (see Evans, D. A.; Rovis, T.; Kozlowski, M. C.; Downey, C. W.; Tedrow, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 9134-9142) also gave good agreement with crystallographic data.
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For theoretical studies of other 4-catalyzed reactions see: (a) Brandt, P.; Sodergren, M. J.; Andersson, P. G.; Norrby, P.-O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 8013-8020. (b) Fraile, J. M.; Garcia, J. I.; Martinez-Merino, V.; Mayoral, J. A.; Salvatella, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7616-7625.
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For theoretical studies of other 4-catalyzed reactions see: (a) Brandt, P.; Sodergren, M. J.; Andersson, P. G.; Norrby, P.-O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 8013-8020. (b) Fraile, J. M.; Garcia, J. I.; Martinez-Merino, V.; Mayoral, J. A.; Salvatella, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7616-7625.
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A QM/MM study of other 4-catalyzed reaction have been recently performed, see: Rasmussen, T.; Jensen, J. F.; Ostergaard, N.; Tanner, D.; Ziegler, T.; Norrby, P.-O. Chem. Eur. J. 2002, 8, 177-184.
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0031549124
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For a QM/MM study of the role of bulky substituents in catalysis using diimine-based catalyst in QM region, see: Deng, L.; Woo, T. K.; Cavallo, L.; Margl, P. M.; Ziegler, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 6177-6186.
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84962469050
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note
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For all total energies, ball-and-stick structures, and Cartesian coordinates (endo and exo approaches) at both levels of theory see Supporting Information. The uncatalyzed reaction mechanism is a concerted pericyclic pathway with no energetic preference between endo and exo approaches (see Supporting Information).
-
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45
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84962469066
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note
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2O were omitted in our study of the potential energy surface as the bis(aquo) catalyst yields the same efficiency and stereochemical results as the anhydrous catalyst (see ref 7).
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84962392300
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We denote endo and exo approaches as those in which the substituent of the reactive carbonyl group and the central carbon of the allyl group are in a cis and trans relationship, respectively.
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