Palenque de San Basilio in Colombia: Genetic data support an oral history of a paternal ancestry in Congo

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 283, Issue 1827, 2016, Pages

  Ansari Pour, Naser ^a   Moñino, Yves ^b   Duque, Constanza ^c   Gallego, Natalia ^d   Bedoya, Gabriel ^e   Thomas, Mark G ^f   Bradman, Neil ^g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN   (Iran)

^b CNRS   (France)

^c UNIVERSIDAD COOPERATIVA DE COLOMBIA   (Colombia)

^d UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA BOLIVARIANA   (Colombia)

^e UNIVERSIDAD DE ANTIOQUIA   (Colombia)

^f UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^g Henry Stewart Conference Studies   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

African diaspora; Atlantic slave trade; Linguistic; Mitochondrial DNA; Y chromosome

Indexed keywords

AFRICAN IMMIGRANT; ANCESTRY; BLACK POPULATION; CHROMOSOME; FOUNDER EFFECT; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HISTORICAL RECORD; LANGUAGE; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; SLAVERY; VILLAGE;

BOLIVAR [COLOMBIA]; CARTAGENA [BOLIVAR]; COLOMBIA;

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA;

ADULT; AGED; BLACK PERSON; COLOMBIA; CONGO; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC CONGO; ETHNOLOGY; FOUNDER EFFECT; GENETIC VARIATION; GENETICS; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; VERY ELDERLY; Y CHROMOSOME; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, Y; COLOMBIA; CONGO; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO; DNA, MITOCHONDRIAL; FOUNDER EFFECT; GENETIC VARIATION; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84962056787     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712954     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2980     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Wade P. 1995 The cultural politics of blackness in Colombia. Am. Ethnol. 22, 341-357. (doi: 10. 1525/ae. 1995. 22. 2. 02a00070).
2. Friedemann N, Patiño Rosselli C. 1983 Lengua y sociedad en El Palenque de San Basilio. Bogotá, Colombia: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.
3. Moñino Y. 2012 Pasado, presente y futuro de la lengua de Palenque. In Palenque (Colombia): Oralidad, identidad y resistencia (eds G Maglia, A Schwegler), pp. 221-256. Bogotá, Colombia: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.
4. Bickerton D, Escalante A. 1970 Palenquero: a Spanish-based creole of northern Colombia. Lingua 24, 254-267. (doi: 10. 1016/0024-3841(70)90080-X).
5. Del Castillo N. 1984 El lexico negroafricano de San Basilio de Palenque. Thesaurus 39, 80-169.
6. Schwegler A. 2006 Palenquero. In Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world (eds K Brown, S Oligvie). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
7. Granda G. 1971 Sobre la procedencia africana del habla 'criolla' de San Basilio de Palenque. Thesaurus 26, 84-94.
8. Schwegler A. 2000 The African vocabulary of Palenque (Colombia). Part 1: introduction and corpus of previously undocumented Afro-Palenquerisms. J. Pidgin Creole Lang. 15, 241-312. (doi: 10. 1075/jpcl. 15. 2. 02sch).
9. Schwegler A. 2002 El vocabulario africano de Palenque (Colombia). Segunda parte: compendio de palabras (con etimologías). In Palenque, Cartagena y Afro-Caribe: historia y lengua (eds Y Moñino, A Schwegler). Tubingen, Germany: Max Niemeyer.
10. Schwegler A. 2011 Palenque(ro): the search for its African substrate. In Creoles, their substrates, and language typology. (ed. C Lefebvre), pp. 225-249. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.
11. Lewis MP. 2009 Ethnologue: languages of the World. Dallas, TX: SIL International.
12. Moñino Y. 2007 Les rôles du substrat dans les créoles et dans les langues secrètes: le cas du palenquero, créole espagnol de Colombie. In Grammaires créoles et grammaire comparative (eds K Gadelii, A Zribi-Hertz), pp. 49-72. Saint-Denis, France: Vincennes University Press.
13. Helgason A, Sigureth ardottir S, Gulcher JR, Ward R, Stefansson K. 2000 mtDNA and the origin of the Icelanders: deciphering signals of recent population history. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 66, 999-1016. (doi: 10. 1086/302816).
14. Hill EW, Jobling MA, Bradley DG. 2000 Y-chromosome variation and Irish origins. Nature 404, 351-352. (doi: 10. 1038/35006158).
15. Thomas MG, Skorecki K, Ben-Ami H, Parfitt T, Bradman N, Goldstein DB. 1998 Origins of Old Testament priests. Nature 394, 138-140. (doi: 10. 1038/28083).
16. Thomas MG, Parfitt T, Weiss DA, Skorecki K, Wilson JF, le Roux M, Bradman N, Goldstein DB. 2000 Y chromosomes traveling south: the Cohen modal haplotype and the origins of the Lemba-the 'Black Jews of Southern Africa.' Am. J. Hum. Genet. 66, 674-686. (doi: 10. 1086/302749).
17. Thomas MG et al. 2002 Founding mothers of Jewish communities: geographically separated Jewish groups were independently founded by very few female ancestors. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70, 1411-1420. (doi: 10. 1086/340609).
18. Veeramah KR, Zeitlyn D, Fanso VG, Mendell NR, Connell BA, Weale ME, Bradman N, Thomas MG. 2008 Sex-specific genetic data support one of two alternative versions of the foundation of the ruling dynasty of the Nso' in Cameroon. Curr. Anthropol. 49, 707-714. (doi: 10. 1086/590119).
19. Ansari Pour N, Plaster CA, Bradman N. 2013 Evidence from Y-chromosome analysis for a late exclusively eastern expansion of the Bantu-speaking people. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 21, 423-429. (doi: 10. 1038/ejhg. 2012. 176).
20. Brehm A, Pereira L, Bandelt HJ, Prata MJ, Amorim A. 2002 Mitochondrial portrait of the Cabo Verde archipelago: the Senegambian outpost of Atlantic slave trade. Ann. Hum. Genet. 66, 49-60. (doi: 10. 1017/S0003480001001002).
21. Goncalves R, Rosa A, Freitas A, Fernandes A, Kivisild T, Villems R, Brehm A. 2003 Y-chromosome lineages in Cabo Verde Islands witness the diverse geographic origin of its first male settlers. Hum. Genet. 113, 467-472. (doi: 10. 1007/s00439-003-1007-4).
22. Trovoada MJ, Pereira L, Gusmao L, Abade A, Amorim A, Prata MJ. 2004 Pattern of mtDNA variation in three populations from São Tomé e Principe. Ann. Hum. Genet. 68, 40-54. (doi: 10. 1046/j. 1529-8817. 2003. 00070. x).
23. Goncalves R, Spinola H, Brehm A. 2007 Y-chromosome lineages in São Tomé e Principe islands: evidence of European influence. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19, 422-428. (doi: 10. 1002/ajhb. 20604).
24. Jimenez S, Martinez B, Hernandez M. 1996 HLA antigens and gene distribution in San Basilio (SB) an isolated black population of Colombia [Abstract]. Hum. Immunol. 47, 62. (doi: 10. 1016/0198-8859(96) 85028-2).
25. Arnaiz-Villena A, Reguera R, Parga-Lozano C. 2009 HLA Genes in Afro-American Colombians (San Basilio de Palenque): the first free Africans in America. Open Immunol. J. 2, 59-66. (doi: 10. 2174/1874226200902010059).
26. Noguera MC et al. 2013 Colombia's racial crucible: Y chromosome evidence from six admixed communities in the Department of Bolivar. Ann. Hum. Biol. 41, 453-459. (doi: 10. 3109/03014460. 2013. 852244).
27. Bowcock AM, Ruiz-Linares A, Tomfohrde J, Minch E, Kidd JR, Cavalli-Sforza LL. 1994 High resolution of human evolutionary trees with polymorphic microsatellites. Nature 368, 455-457. (doi: 10. 1038/368455a0).
28. Yu N et al. 2002 Larger genetic differences within Africans than between Africans and Eurasians. Genetics 161, 269-274.
29. Rosa A, Brehem A. 2011 African human mtDNA phylogeography at-a-glance. J. Anthropol. Sci. 89, 25-58. (doi: 10. 4436/jass. 89006).
30. Sims LM, Garvey D, Ballantyne J. 2007 Subpopulations within the major European and African derived haplogroups R1b3 and E3a are differentiated by previously phylogenetically undefined Y-SNPs. Hum. Mutat. 28, 97. (doi: 10. 1002/humu. 9469).
31. Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF. 2008 New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree. Genome Res. 18, 830-838. (doi: 10. 1101/gr. 7172008).
32. de Filippo C et al. 2011 Y-chromosomal variation in sub-Saharan Africa: insights into the history of Niger-Congo groups. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28, 1255-1269. (doi: 10. 1093/molbev/msq312).
33. Andrews RM, Kubacka I, Chinnery PF, Lightowlers RN, Turnbull DM, Howell N. 1999 Reanalysis and revision of the Cambridge reference sequence for human mitochondrial DNA. Nat. Genet. 23, 147. (doi: 10. 1038/13779).
34. Salas A, Richards M, Lareu MV, Scozzari R, Coppa A, Torroni A, Macaulay V, Carracedo A. 2004 The African diaspora: mitochondrial DNA and the Atlantic slave trade. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 74, 454-465. (doi: 10. 1086/382194).
35. Veeramah KR et al. 2010 Little genetic differentiation as assessed by uniparental markers in the presence of substantial language variation in peoples of the Cross River region of Nigeria. BMC Evol. Biol. 10, 92. (doi: 10. 1186/1471-2148-10-92).
36. Raymond M, Rousset F. 1995 An exact test for population differentiation. Evolution 49, 1280-1283. (doi: 10. 2307/2410454).
37. Nei M. 1987 Molecular evolutionary genetics. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
38. Reynolds J, Weir BS, Cockerham CC. 1983 Estimation of the coancestry coefficient: basis for a short-term genetic distance. Genetics 105, 767-779.
39. Slatkin M. 1995 A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies. Genetics 139, 457-462.
40. Kimura M. 1980 A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 16, 111-120. (doi: 10. 1007/BF01731581).
41. Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S. 2005 Arlequin (version 3. 0): an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol. Bioinform. Online 1, 47-50.
42. R Development Core Team. 2011 R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
43. Weale ME et al. 2003 Rare deep-rooting Y chromosome lineages in humans: lessons for phylogeography. Genetics 165, 229-234.
44. Underhill PA et al. 2000 Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations. Nat. Genet. 26, 358-361. (doi: 10. 1038/81685).
45. Semino O, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Falaschi F, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA. 2002 Ethiopians and Khoisan share the deepest clades of the human Y-chromosome phylogeny. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70, 265-268. (doi: 10. 1086/338306).
46. Knight A, Underhill PA, Mortensen HM, Zhivotovsky LA, Lin AA, Henn BM, Louis D, Ruhlen M, Mountain JL. 2003 African Y chromosome and mtDNA divergence provides insight into the history of click languages. Curr. Biol. 13, 464-473. (doi: 10. 1016/S0960-9822(03)00130-1).
47. Wells RS et al. 2001 The Eurasian heartland: a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 10 244-10 249. (doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 171305098).
48. Moore LT, McEvoy B, Cape E, Simms K, Bradley DG. 2006 A Y-chromosome signature of hegemony in Gaelic Ireland. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78, 334-338. (doi: 10. 1086/500055).
49. Wilson JF, Weiss DA, Richards M, Thomas MG, Bradman N, Goldstein DB. 2001 Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 5078-5083. (doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 071036898).
50. Di Giacomo F et al. 2004 Y chromosomal haplogroup J as a signature of the post-neolithic colonization of Europe. Hum. Genet. 115, 357-371. (doi: 10. 1007/s00439-004-1168-9).
51. Berniell-Lee G et al. 2009 Genetic and demographic implications of the Bantu expansion: insights from human paternal lineages. Mol. Biol. Evol. 26, 1581-1589. (doi: 10. 1093/molbev/msp069).
52. Montano V, Ferri G, Marcari V, Batini C, Anyaele O, Destro-Bisol G, Comas D. 2011 The Bantu expansion revisited: a new analysis of Y chromosome variation in Central Western Africa. Mol. Ecol. 20, 2693-2708. (doi: 10. 1111/j. 1365-294X. 2011. 05130. x).
53. Scheinfeldt LB, Soi S, Tishkoff SA. 2010 Working toward a synthesis of archaeological, linguistic, and genetic data for inferring African population history. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 8931-8938. (doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 1002563107).
54. Jobling MA, Tyler-Smith C. 2003 The human Y chromosome: an evolutionary marker comes of age. Nat. Rev. Genet. 4, 598-612. (doi: 10. 1038/nrg1124).
55. Marwick MG. 1963 History and tradition in East Central Africa through the eyes of the Northern Rhodesian Cewa. J. Afr. Hist. 4, 375-390. (doi: 10. 1017/S0021853700004308).
56. Hamilton RA. 1955 Oral tradition: Central Africa. In History and archaeology in Africa (ed. RA Hamilton). London, UK: School of Oriental and African Studies.