Misuse of prescription drugs and overdose deaths

Journal of Substance Use

Volumn 21, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 515-520

  Tjagvad, Christian ^a   Skurtveit, Svetlana ^a,b   Bramness, Jørgen G ^a   Gjersing, Linn ^a,c   Gossop, Michael ^a,d   Clausen, Thomas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^b NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Norway)

^c NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR ALCOHOL AND DRUG RESEARCH   (Norway)

^d KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Drug diversion; overdose; prescription drugs

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; AMPHETAMINE; ANALGESIC AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CANNABIS; COCAINE; DIAMORPHINE; METHAMPHETAMINE; OPIATE; PRESCRIPTION DRUG;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; DEATH; DRUG MISUSE; DRUG OVERDOSE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PHARMACY; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; TOXICOLOGY;

EID: 84961392145     PISSN: 14659891     EISSN: 14759942     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2015.1077280     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. M.F.Ballesteros,, D.S.Budnitz,, C.P.Sanford,, J.Gilchrist,, G.A.Agyekum,, & J.Butts, (2003). Increase in deaths due to methadone in North Carolina. JAMA, 290(1), 40. doi:10.1001/jama.290.1.40.
2. A.S.Bohnert,, M.Valenstein,, M.J.Bair,, D.Ganoczy,, J.F.McCarthy,, M.A.Ilgen,, & F.C.Blow, (2011). Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths. JAMA, 305(13), 1315–1321. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.370.
3. J.G.Bramness,, K.Furu,, A.Engeland,, & S.Skurtveit, (2007). Carisoprodol use and abuse in Norway: A pharmacoepidemiological study. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 64(2), 210–218. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02847.x.
4. N.el-Guebaly,, J.Sareen,, & M.B.Stein, (2010). Are there guidelines for the responsible prescription of benzodiazepines? Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(11), 709–714.
5. European Monitoring Centre for Drug and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). (2009). Drug-Related Deaths and Mortality (DRD). Lisbon, Portugal: EMCDDA.
6. B.Fischer,, W.Jones,, K.Urbanoski,, R.Skinner,, & J.Rehm, (2013). Correlations between prescription opioid analgesic dispensing levels and related mortality and morbidity in Ontario, Canada, 2005–2011. Drug and Alcohol Review. doi:10.1111/dar.12089.
7. J.Fisher,, C.Sanyal,, D.Frail,, & I.Sketris, (2012). The intended and unintended consequences of benzodiazepine monitoring programmes: A review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 37(1), 7–21. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2011.01245.x.
8. O.M.Fredheim,, P.C.Borchgrevink,, M.Mahic,, & S.Skurtveit, (2013). A pharmacoepidemiological cohort study of subjects starting strong opioids for nonmalignant pain: A study from the Norwegian Prescription Database. Pain. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.033.
9. O.M.Fredheim,, S.Skurtveit,, H.Breivik,, & P.C.Borchgrevink, (2010). Increasing use of opioids from 2004 to 2007—Pharmacoepidemiological data from a complete national prescription database in Norway. European Journal of Pain, 14(3), 289–294. doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.05.006.
10. K.Furu, (2008). Establishment of the nationwide Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD)—New opportunities for research in pharmacoepidemiology in Norway. Norway Journal of Epidemiology, 18(2), 129–136.
11. A.M.Gilson,, K.M.Ryan,, D.E.Joranson,, & J.L.Dahl, (2004). A reassessment of trends in the medical use and abuse of opioid analgesics and implications for diversion control: 1997–2002. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 28(2), 176–188. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2004.01.003.
12. L.Gjersing,, K.V.Jonassen,, S.Biong,, E.Ravndal,, H.Waal,, J.G.Bramness,, & T.Clausen, (2013). Diversity in causes and characteristics of drug-induced deaths in an urban setting. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 41(2), 119–125. doi:10.1177/1403494812472007.
13. M.Gossop,, D.Stewart,, S.Treacy,, & J.Marsden, (2002). A prospective study of mortality among drug misusers during a 4-year period after seeking treatment. Addiction, 97(1), 39–47.
14. A.J.Hall,, J.E.Logan,, R.L.Toblin,, J.A.Kaplan,, J.C.Kraner,, D.Bixler,, … L.J.Paulozzi, (2008). Patterns of abuse among unintentional pharmaceutical overdose fatalities. JAMA, 300(22), 2613–2620. doi:10.1001/jama.2008.802
15. A.M.Hausken,, K.Furu,, S.Skurtveit,, A.Engeland,, & J.G.Bramness, (2009). Starting insomnia treatment: The use of benzodiazepines versus z-hypnotics. A prescription database study of predictors. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 65(3), 295–301. doi:10.1007/s00228-008-0565-8.
16. I.A.Havnes,, T.Clausen,, & A.L.Middelthon, (2013). “Diversion” of methadone or buprenorphine: “harm” versus “helping”. Harm Reduction Journal, 10(1), 24. doi:10.1186/1477-7517-10-24.
17. G.E.Ibanez,, M.A.Levi-Minzi,, K.K.Rigg,, & A.D.Mooss, (2013). Diversion of benzodiazepines through healthcare sources. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 45(1), 48–56. doi:10.1080/02791072.2013.764232.
18. J.A.Inciardi,, H.L.Surratt,, T.J.Cicero,, & R.A.Beard, (2009). Prescription opioid abuse and diversion in an urban community: The results of an ultrarapid assessment. Pain Medicine, 10(3), 537–548. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00603.x.
19. J.A.Inciardi,, H.L.Surratt,, S.P.Kurtz,, & T.J.Cicero, (2007). Mechanisms of prescription drug diversion among drug-involved club- and street-based populations. Pain Medicine, 8(2), 171–183. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00255.x.
20. R.N.Jamison,, J.Serraillier,, & E.Michna, (2011). Assessment and treatment of abuse risk in opioid prescribing for chronic pain. Pain Research and Treatment, 2011, 941808. doi:10.1155/2011/941808.
21. J.D.Jones,, S.Mogali,, & S.D.Comer, (2012). Polydrug abuse: A review of opioid and benzodiazepine combination use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 125(1–2), 8–18. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.07.004.
22. F.Modarai,, K.Mack,, P.Hicks,, S.Benoit,, S.Park,, C.Jones,, … L.Paulozzi, (2013). Relationship of opioid prescription sales and overdoses, North Carolina. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 132(1–2), 81–86. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.006.
23. L.J.Paulozzi,, E.M.Kilbourne,, N.G.Shah,, K.B.Nolte,, H.A.Desai,, M.G.Landen,, … L.D.Loring, (2012). A history of being prescribed controlled substances and risk of drug overdose death. Pain Medicine, 13(1), 87–95. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01260.x.
24. V.Pauly,, V.Pradel,, L.Pourcel,, S.Nordmann,, E.Frauger,, M.Lapeyre-Mestre,, … X.Thirion, (2012). Estimated magnitude of diversion and abuse of opioids relative to benzodiazepines in France. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 126(1–2), 13–20. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.009.
25. G.L.Peirce,, M.J.Smith,, M.A.Abate,, & J.Halverson, (2012). Doctor and pharmacy shopping for controlled substances. Medical Care, 50(6), 494–500. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e31824ebd81.
26. P.Riggs, (2008). Non-medical use and abuse of commonly prescribed medications. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 24(3), 869–877. doi:10.1185/030079908x273435.
27. S.Skurtveit,, K.Furu,, J.Bramness,, R.Selmer,, & A.Tverdal, (2010). Benzodiazepines predict use of opioids—A follow-up study of 17,074 men and women. Pain Medicine, 11(6), 805–814. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00870.x.
28. S.NorwayStatistics. (2015). Population and Quarterly Changes, Q4 2014. Retrieved March 24, 2015 from https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkendrkv/kvartal/2015-02-19.
29. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2011). The Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
30. M.Vijayaraghavan,, D.Freitas,, D.R.Bangsberg,, C.Miaskowski,, & M.B.Kushel, (2014). Non-medical use of non-opioid psychotherapeutic medications in a community-based cohort of HIV-infected indigent adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 143, 263–267. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.044.
31. A.Y.Walley,, Z.Xuan,, H.H.Hackman,, E.Quinn,, M.Doe-Simkins,, A.Sorensen-Alawad,, … A.Ozonoff, (2013). Opioid overdose rates and implementation of overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution in Massachusetts: Interrupted time series analysis. BMJ, 346, f174. doi:10.1136/bmj.f174.
32. W.H.O.Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. (2007). Guidelines for ATC Classification and DDD Assignment. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Institute of Public Health.
33. B.L.Wilsey,, S.M.Fishman,, A.M.Gilson,, C.Casamalhuapa,, H.Baxi,, H.Zhang,, & C.S.Li, (2010). Profiling multiple provider prescribing of opioids, benzodiazepines, stimulants, and anorectics. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 112(1–2), 99–106. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.05.007.
34. H.Y.Yu, (2012). The prescription drug abuse epidemic. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, 32(3), 361–377. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2012.06.006.