Genetic improvement of olive (Olea europaea L.) by conventional and in vitro biotechnology methods

Biotechnology Advances

Volumn 34, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 687-696

  Rugini, E ^a   Cristofori, V ^a   Silvestri, C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TUSCIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Gene availability; Gene pool hybridization method; Genetic transformation; In vitro techniques; Intensive cultivation; Olea europaea; Rootstocks

Indexed keywords

BIOTECHNOLOGY; GENE THERAPY; GENES; NUCLEIC ACIDS; PLANTS (BOTANY);

GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; HYBRIDIZATION METHODS; IN-VITRO; OLEA EUROPAEA; ROOTSTOCKS;

CULTIVATION;

APICAL DOMINANCE; BIOTECHNOLOGY; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CROP IMPROVEMENT; CULTIVAR; CULTIVATION; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; EVERGREEN TREE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENOTYPE; GERMPLASM; HYBRIDIZATION; INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE; ORCHARD; ROOTSTOCK; TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE;

OLEA EUROPAEA;

BIOTECHNOLOGY; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GENETICS; OLIVE TREE; PLANT GENOME; PROCEDURES; TRANSGENIC PLANT;

BIOTECHNOLOGY; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GENOME, PLANT; OLEA; PLANTS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED;

EID: 84961226533     PISSN: 07349750     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.03.004     Document Type: Review

References (150)

1. Abela, V., Serrano, J.M.F., Selection clonale de l'olivier (Olea europaea L.). Olea, 1984, 42–44 (June).
2. Alagna, F., D'Agostino, N., Torchia, L., Servili, M., Rao, R., Pietrella, M., Giuliano, G., Chiusano, M.L., Baldoni, L., Perrotta, G., Comparative 454 pyrosequencing of transcripts from two olive genotypes during fruit development. BMC Genomics, 10(1471), 2009, 399.
3. Alfei, B., Paoletti, A., Rosati, A., Santinelli, A., Pannelli, G., Agronomic and qualitative evaluation of new genotypes selected in Central Italy. Adv. Hortic. Sci. 22:2 (2008), 136–144.
4. Amiri, M.E., The status of genetic resources of deciduous, tropical, and subtropical fruit species in Iran. Acta Horticult. 769 (2008), 159–167.
5. Aradhya, M.K., Preece, J.E., Research on wild relatives of fruit and nut crops at the Davis repository. Acta Horticult. 948 (2012), 19–32.
6. Aranda, S., Montes Borrego, M., Jiménez Díaz, R.M., Landa, B.B., Microbial communities associated with the root system of wild olives (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) are good reservoirs of bacteria with antagonistic potential against Verticillium dahliae. Plant Soil 343 (2011), 329–345.
7. Arsel, H., Cirik, N., Breve ragguaglio sulle attività di miglioramento dell'olivo in Turchia. Olivae 52 (1994), 25–27.
8. Baldoni, L., Genomics in olive: applications and perspectives. Acta Horticult. 1057 (2014), 483–486.
9. Baldoni, L., Belaj, A., Oil crops: olive. Vollmann, J., Rajcan, I., (eds.) Handbook of Plant Breeding, 2009, Springer Series.
10. Baldoni, L., Pellegrini, M., Mencuccini, M., Angiolillo, A., Mulas, M., Genetic relationships among cultivated and wild olives revealed by AFLP markers. Acta Horticult. 521 (2000), 275–283.
11. Baldoni, L., Tosti, N., Ricciolini, C., Belaj, A., Arcioni, S., Pannelli, G., Germana, M.A., Mulas, M., Porceddu, A., Genetic structure of wild and cultivated olives in the Central Mediterranean Basin. Ann. Bot. 98 (2006), 935–942.
12. Bazakos, C., Manioudaki, M.E., Therios, I., Voyiatzis, D., Kafetzopoulos, D., Awada, T., Kalaitzis, P., Comparative transcriptome analysis of two olive cultivars in response to NaCl-stress. PLoS One, 2012, 2012, 7(8), 10.1371/journal.pone.0042931.
13. Belaj, A., Muñoz-Diez, C., Baldoni, L., Porceddu, A., Barranco, D., Satovic, Z., Genetic diversity and population structure of wild olives from the north-western mediterranean assessed by SSR markers. Ann. Bot. 100:3 (2007), 449–458.
14. Belaj, A., Munoz-Díez, C., Baldoni, L., Satovic, Z., Barranco, D., Genetic diversity and relationships of wild and cultivated olives at regional level in Spain. Sci. Hortic. 124 (2010), 323–330.
15. Belaj, A., Dominguez-Garcìa, M., Atienza, S., Urdíroz, N.M., De la Rosa, R., Satovic, Z., Martín, A., Kilian, A., Trujillo, I., Valpuesta, V., Del Río, C., Developing a core collection of olive (Olea europaea L.) based on molecular markers (DArTs, SSRs, SNPs) and agronomic traits. Tree Genet. Genomes 8 (2012), 365–378.
16. Bellini, E., Behavior of some genetic characters in olive seedlings obtained by cross-breeding. Proceedings of the 23rd International Horticultural Congress, Florence, Italy, 1990.
17. Bellini, E., Giordani, E., Parlati, M.V., Three new olive cultivars obtained by cross-breeding. Acta Horticult. 586 (2000), 221–223.
18. Bellini, E., Giordani, E., Rosati, A., Genetic improvement of olive from clonal selection to cross-breeding programs. Adv. Hortic. Sci. 22 (2008), 73–86.
19. Ben Sadok, I., Moutier, N., Garcia, G., Dosba, F., Grati-Kamoun, N., Rebai, A., Khadari, B., Costes, E., Genetic determinism of the vegetative and reproductive traits in an F1 olive tree progeny evidence of tree ontogeny effect. Tree Genet. Genomes 9 (2013), 205–221.
20. Ben-Ari, G., Biton, I., Mani, Y., Avidan, B., Lavee, S., The diversity in performance of commercial olive clones selected from the autochthonous CV. souri population for intensive irrigated cultivation. Hortscience 49:4 (2014), 425–429.
21. Benelli, C., De Carlo, A., Lambardi, M., Lynch, P.T., Vitrification of shoot tips, nodal segments and embryogenic tissue of olive (Olea europaea L.) for germplasm cryopreservation. Acta Horticult. 560 (2001), 137–140.
22. Benelli, C., De Carlo, A., Englmen, F., Recent advances in the cryopreservation of shoot-derived germplasm of economically important fruit trees of Actinidia, Diospyros, Malus, Olea, Prunus, Pyrus and Vitis. Biotechnol. Adv. 31 (2013), 175–185.
23. Besnard, G., Baradat, P., Chevalier, D., Tagmount, A., Bervillé, A., Genetic differentiation in the olive complex (Olea europaea) revealed by RAPDs and RFLPs in the rRNA genes. Genet. Resour. Crop. Evol. 48:2 (2001), 165–182.
24. Biton, I., Doron-Faigenboim, A., Jamwal, M., Mani, Y., Eshed, R., Rosen, A., Ben-Ari, G., Development of a large set of SNP markers for assessing phylogenetic relationships between the olive cultivars composing the Israeli olive germplasm collection. Mol. Breed., 2015, 35(4), 10.1007/s11032-015-0304-7.
25. Boulouha, B., Selection clonale de la Picholine Marocaine. Olea 17 (1986), 67–70.
26. Boulouha, B., Loussert, R., Saadi, R., Studio della variabilità fenotipica della varietà ‘Picholine marocchina’ nella regione dell'Haouz. Olivae 43 (1992), 30–33.
27. Bracci, T., Busconi, M., Fogher, C., Sebastiani, L., Molecular studies in olive (Olea europaea L.): overview on DNA markers applications and recent advances in genome analysis. Plant Cell Rep. 30 (2011), 449–462.
28. Bueno, M.A., Pintos, B., Höfer, M., Martin, A., Pro-embryos induction from Olea europaea L. isolated microspore culture. Acta Physiol. Plant. 27:4 B (2005), 695–701.
29. Cáceres, M.E., Ceccarelli, M., Pupilli, F., Sarri, V., Mencuccini, M., Obtainment of inter-subspecific hybrids in olive (Olea europaea L.). Euphytica 201:2 (2014), 307–319.
30. Cañas, L.A., Wyssmann, A.M., Benbadis, M.C., Isolation, culture and division of olive (Olea europaea L) protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep. 5 (1987), 369–371.
31. Capelo, A.M., Silva, S., Brito, G., Santos, C., Somatic embryogenesis induction in leaves and petioles of a mature wild olive. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 103:2 (2010), 237–242.
32. Ciccarese, F., Ambrico, A., Longo, O., Schiavone, D., Search for resistance to Verticillium-Wilt and leaf spot in olive. Acta Horticult. 586 (2002), 717–720.
33. Collani, S., Galla, G., Ramina, A., Barcaccia, G., Alagna, F., Càceres, E.M., Baldoni, L., Muleo, R., Perrotta, G., Self-incompatibility in olive: a new hypothesis on the S-locus genes controlling pollen–pistil interaction. Acta Horticult. 967 (2012), 133–140.
34. D'Angeli, S., Altamura, M.M., Osmotin induces cold protection in olive trees by affecting programmed cell death and cytoskeleton organization. Planta 225 (2007), 1147–1163.
35. D'Angeli, S., Gutiérrez-Pesce, P., Altamura, M., Biasi, R., Ruggiero, B., Muganu, M., Bressan, R., Rugini, E., Genetic transformation of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) with osmotin gene and in situ protein localisation in the transgenic tissues. Proceedings of the Società Italiana di Genetica Agraria, 2001 (Book of Abstracts).
36. Delmas, J.M., Olives de table, possibilités de relance de la production. Arboricult. Fruitiere 381:33 (1986), 30–36.
37. Fabbri, A., Bartolini, G., Lambardi, M., Kailis, S., Olive Propagation Manual CSIRO, Collingwood, Australia. 2004.
38. FAOSTAT database, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., 2013 available at http://faostat.fao.org/.
39. Fiorino, P., Miglioramento genetico in olivo (Olea europaea L.). Proceedings Seminario internazionale sulle ‘Innovazioni scientifiche e loro applicazioni in olivicoltura ed in elaiotecnica. Miglioramento delle risorse genetiche, 1999, 1–24 (Firenze, 10–12 March).
40. Fontanazza, G., Presentiamo la cultivar I-77. Terra e Vita 46 (1987), 10–11.
41. Fontanazza G, Bartolozzi F. Olive. Scarascia-Mugnozza GT, Pagnotta MA. Italian Contribution to Plant Genetics and Breeding 1998. 723–748.
42. Fontanazza, G., Bartolozzi, F., Vergati, G., Fs-17. Riv. Fruttic., 5, 1998, 61.
43. Galla, G., Barcaccia, G., Ramina, A., Collani, S., Alagna, F., Baldoni, L., Cultrera, N.G.M., Martinelli, F., Sebastiani, L., Tonutti, P., Computational annotation of genes differentially expressed along olive fruit development. BMC Plant Biol., 9(128), 2009.
44. Garcìa-Berenguer, A., Selection clonal en olivo (Olea europaea L.). Olea, Junio, 1978, 7–15.
45. Germanà, M.A., Doubled haploid production in fruit crops. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 86:2 (2006), 131–146.
46. Grati Kamoun, N., Ayadi, M., Khlif, M., Trigui, A., Karray, B., Rekik, H., Rekik Fakh, B., Hamdi, T., Arous, N., Pomological and chemical characterization of Tunisian olive tree (Olea europaea L.). 4th International Symposium on Olive Growing, 2000 (Valenzano (Bari), Italy, 25–30 September, Abstract).
47. Gregoriou, C., Assessment of variation of landraces of olive tree in Cyprus. Euphytica 87:3 (1996), 173–176.
48. Gregoriou, C., Seleccion clonal de la variedad de olivo “Local” de Chipre. Olivae 76 (1999), 26–30.
49. Hannachi, H., Sommerlatte, H., Breton, C., Msallem, M., El Gazzah, M., El Hadj S, Ben, Berville, A., Oleaster (var. sylvestris) and subsp. cuspidata are suitable genetic resources for improvement of the olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. europaea). Genet. Resour. Crop. Evol. 56 (2009), 393–403.
50. Hossein, A.S., Hajnajari, H., Obtaining embryo rescued hybrid plants of olive (Mary × Roghani M.) in cross breeding for precocity induction. Proceedings of the Second International Seminar on Biotechnology and Quality of Olive Tree Products Around the Mediterranean Basin, 5–10 November 2006, Marsala, Italy, 27-29, 2006.
51. Jardak, T., The olive industry in Tunisia. Proceedings Second International Seminar Olivebioteq 2006. Special Seminars and Invited Lectures. Mazara del Vallo (TP), 5–10 November, 2006, 35–46.
52. Kafazi, N., Identifying types and breeding in the olive Kokerrmadh i Beratit. Buletini i Shkencave Bujqesore 26:3 (1987), 55–61.
53. Khlif, M., Trigui, A., Observation preliminaires a une selection clonale de la variete d'olivier Chemlali (Olea europaea L.). Olea 17 (1986), 71–75.
54. Khlif, M., Trigui, A., Olive cultivars investigations. Preliminary results. Acta Horticult. 286 (1990), 65–68.
55. Klepo, T., De la Rosa, R., Satovic, Z., León, L., Belaj, A., Utility of wild germplasm in olive breeding. Sci. Hortic. 152 (2013), 92–101.
56. Krestnikov, A.D., New varieties of olive and jujube. Sadovodstvo, 1, 1981, 46.
57. Lambardi, M., Caccavale, A., Rugini, E., Caricato, G., Histological observations on somatic embryos of olive (Olea europaea L.). Acta Horticult. 474 (1999), 67–70.
58. Lambardi, M., Benelli, C., De Carlo, A., Fabbri, A., Grassi, S., Lynch, P.T., Medium and long term in vitro conservation of olive germplasm (Olea europaea L.). Acta Horticult. 586 (2000), 109–112.
59. Lansari, A., Bouchra, T.H.J., Contributo allo studio della variabilità morfologica in seno alla popolazione di ‘Picholine Marocaine’ nella regione di Zerhoun, Marocco. Olivae 60 (1996), 42–47.
60. Lavee, S., Evaluation of the need and present potential of olive breeding indicating the nature of the available genetic resources involved. Sci. Hortic. 61 (2013), 333–339.
61. Lavee, S., Zohary, D., Review: the potential of genetic diversity and the effect of geographically isolated resources in olive breeding. Isr. J. Plant Sci. 59:1 (2011), 3–13.
62. Lavee, S., Haskal, A., Wodner, M., ‘Barnea’ a new olive cultivar from first breeding generation. Olea 17 (1986), 95–99.
63. Lavee, S., Avidan, B., Meni, Y., Askal, a new high-performing oil variety for intensive and super-intensive olive orchard. Olivae 97 (2003), 53–59.
64. Lavee, S., Avidan, B., Ben-Ari, G., Trends in breeding new olive varieties in Israel for quality and economic management. Agric. Sci. 5 (2014), 701–709.
65. Laz, S.I., The olive industry in Tunisia. Proceedings Second International Seminar Olivebioteq 2006. Special Seminars and Invited Lectures. Mazara del Vallo (TP), 5–10 November, 2006, 51–64.
66. Leitao, F.A., Serrano, J.F., Potes, M.F., Henriques, M.I., FT, Rei, Studies on selection of Olea europaea L. cv. Negrinha. Acta Horticult. 356 (1994), 102–105.
67. Leitao, F., Serrano, J.F., Potes, M.F., Clara, M.I., Felix, M.R., Rei, F., Lopes, J., Preliminary results on clonal and sanitary selection of Olea europaea L. cv. ‘Santulhana'in North-east of Portugal. Acta Horticult. 474 (1999), 163–166.
68. Leva, A.R., Innovative protocol for ex-vitro rooting on olive micropropagation. Cent. Eur. J. Biol. 6 (2011), 352–358.
69. Leva, A.R., Petruccelli, R., Field performance of olive somaclones derived from somatic embryos. Acta Horticult. 748 (2007), 181–189.
70. Leva, A.R., Muleo, R., Petruccelli, R., Long-term somatic embryogenesis from immature olive cotyledons. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 70 (1995), 417–421.
71. Lopes, T., Capelo, A., Brito, G., Loureiro, J., Santos, C., Genetic variability analyses of the somatic embryogenesis induction process in Olea spp. using nuclear microsatellites. Trees-Struct. Funct. 23:1 (2009), 29–36.
72. Loreti, F., Guerriero, R., Triolo, E., Vitagliano, C., Proposal of a method for clonal and health selection in olive cultivation. — Acta Horticulturae, 356: 82–86.Leitao F., 1990 — productivity of twenty olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. Acta Horticult. 286 (1994), 69–72.
73. Lumaret, R., Ouazzani, N., Ancient wild olives in Mediterranean forests. Nature, 413, 2001, 700.
74. Lynch, P.T., Siddika, A., Mehra, A., Fabbri, A., Benelli, C., Lambardi, M., The challenge of successful cryopreservation of olive (Olea europaea L.) shoot tips. Adv. Hortic. Sci. 21:4 (2007), 211–214.
75. Lynch, P.T., Siddika, A., Johnston, J.W., Trigwell, S.M., Mehra, A., Benelli, C., et al. Effects of osmotic pretreatments on oxidative stress, antioxidant profiles and cryopreservation of olive somatic embryos. Plant Sci. 181 (2011), 47–56.
76. Mariotti, R., Cultrera, N.G.M., Munoz Diez, C., Baldoni, L., Rubini, A., Identification of new polymorphic regions and differentiation of cultivated olives (Olea europaea L.) through plastome sequence comparison. BMC Plant Biol., 2010, 211.
77. Martinez, D., Arroyo-Garcia, R., Revilla, A.M., Cryopreservation of in vitro grown shoots-tips of Olea europaea cv Arbequina. CryoLetters 20 (1999), 29–36.
78. Martins, A., Santos, L., Lopes, J., Gouveia, J., Selezione delle antiche varietà di olivo Galega e Cobrançosa. Olivae 66 (1997), 46–49.
79. Mazri, M.A., Belkoura, I., Pliego-Alfaro, F., Belkoura, M., Somatic embryogenesis from leaf and petiole explants of the Moroccan olive cultivar Dahbia. Sci. Hortic. 159 (2013), 88–95.
80. Meddad-Hamza, A., Beddiar, A., Gollotte, A., Lemoine, M.C., Kuszala, C., Gianinazzi, S., Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth of olive trees and their resistance to transplantation stress. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 9 (2010), 1159–1167.
81. Medina, E., Morales-Sillero, A., Ramìrez, E.M., Rallo, P., Brenes, M., Romero, C., New genotypes of table olives: profile of bioactive compounds. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 47 (2012), 2334–2341.
82. Mencuccini, M., Protoplast culture isolated from different tissues of olive (Olea europoea L.) cultivars. Physiol. Plant., 82, 1991, 14.
83. Mencuccini, M., Rugini, E., In vitro shoot regeneration from olive cultivar tissue. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 32 (1993), 283–288.
84. Mendoza-de Gyves, E., Mira, F.R., Ruiu, F., Rugini, E., Stimulation of node and lateral shoot formation in micropropagation of olive (Olea europea L.) by using dikegulac. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 92 (2008), 233–238.
85. Merkuria, G., Collins, G., Sedgley, M., Lavee, S., Identification of genetic markers in olive linked to olive leaf spot resistance and susceptibility. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 126 (2001), 305–308.
86. Miano, D., Gutierrez Pesce, P., Lupi, R., Dradi, G., Roncasaglia, R., Taratufolo, C., et al. RolABC genes are differently regulated in the organs and modify gene expression and morphology of olive cultivar ‘Canino’. Proceedings of XLVIII Italian Society of Agricultural Genetics SIFV-SIGA, Joint Meeting, Lecce, Italy, 2004.
87. Micheli, M., Mencuccini, M., Standardi, A., Encapsulation of in vitro proliferated buds of olive. Adv. Hortic. Sci. 12 (1998), 163–168.
88. Micheli, M., Hafiz, I.A., Standardi, A., Encapsulation of in vitro-derived explants of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Moraiolo) II. Effects of storage on capsule and derived shoots performance. Sci. Hortic. 113 (2007), 286–292.
89. Mitrakos, K., Alexaki, A., Papadimitriou, P., Dependence of olive morphogenesis on callus origin and age. J. Plant Physiol. 139 (1992), 269–273.
90. Mkize, N., Hoelmer, K.A., Villet, M.H., A survey of fruit-feeding insects and their parasitoids occurring on wild olives, Olea europaea ssp. cuspidate, in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Biocontrol Sci. Tech. 18 (2008), 991–1004.
91. Moral, J., Díez, C.M., León, L., De la Rosa, R., Santos-Antunes, F., Barranco, D., et al. Female genitor effect on the juvenile period of olive seedlings. Sci. Hortic. 156 (2013), 99–105.
92. Moutier, N., Ricard, J.M., Le Verge, S., Garcia, G., Ben Sadok, I., Hucbourg, B., et al. Agronomical and genetical approaches developed in France for new olive planting systems. Adv. Hortic. Sci. 24:1 (2010), 35–42.
93. Mulas, M., Characterisation of olive wild ecotypes. Acta Horticult. 474 (1999), 121–124.
94. Muzzalupo, I., Fodale, A., Mulè, R., Caravita, M.A., Salimonti, A., Pellegrino, M., et al. Genetic diversity and relationships in sicilian olive germplasm collections as determined by RAPD markers. Adv. Hortic. Sci. 21:1 (2007), 35–40.
95. Nardini, A., Gascó, A., Raimondo, F., Gortan, E., Lo Gullo, M.A., Caruso, T., et al. Is rootstock-induced dwarfing in olive an effect of reduced plant hydraulic efficiency?. Tree Physiol. 26:9 (2006), 1137–1144.
96. Naseer, M., Ullah, I., Narasimhan, M.L., Lee, H.Y., Bressan, R.A., Yoon, G.H., et al. Neuroprotective effect of osmotin against ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain. Cell Death Dis., 5, 2014, e1150.
97. Niaounakis, M., Halvadakis, C.P., Foreword to the First Edition. 2006.
98. Oražem, P., Štajner, N., Bohanec, B., Effect of X-ray irradiation on olive shoot culture evaluated by morphological measurements, nuclear DNA content and SSR and AFLP markers. Trees-Struct. Funct. 27:6 (2013), 1587–1595.
99. Orinos, P., Mitrakos, K., Rhizogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in calli from wild olive (Olea europaea var sylvestris (Miller) Lehr) mature zygotic embryos. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 27 (1991), 183–187.
100. Osmani, R., Aspetti del germoplasma olivicolo albanese. Riv. Frutt. 3 (1993), 59–63.
101. Ozair, M., IA, Hafiz, NA, Abbasi, Mahmood M, A., Bibi, N., Effect of different concentrations of Oryzalin on in vitro growth of explants of Olive cv. Moraiolo. Sch. J. Agric. Sci. 4:1 (2014), 51–59.
102. Pannelli, G., Famiani, F., Rugini, E., Bignami, D., Natali, S., Preliminary characteristics of olive somatic mutants from gamma irradiated ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Leccino’ plantlets. Acta Horticult. 286 (1990), 77–80.
103. Pannelli, G., Volpe, D., Preziosi, P., Famiani, F., Comparison of the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of traditional olive cultivar and selected low vigorous accessions in central Italy. Acta Horticult. 356 (1993), 123–126.
104. Parlati, M.V., Bellini, E., Perri, E., Pandolfi, S., Giordani, E., Martelli, S., Genetic improvement of olive: initial observations on selections made in Florence. Acta Horticult. 356 (1994), 87–90.
105. Peixe, A., Raposo, A., Lourenco, R., Cardoso, H., Macedo, E., Coconut and BAP successfully replaced Zeatin in olive (Olea europaea L.) micropropagation. Sci. Hortic. 113 (2007), 1–7.
106. Pérez, A., León, L., Pascual, M., Romero-Segura, C., Sánchez-Ortiz, A., la Rosa R, de, et al. Variability of virgin olive oil phenolic compounds in segregating progeny from a single cross in Olea europaea L. and sensory and nutritional quality implications. PLoS One, 9(3), 2014.
107. Perri, E., Parlati, M.V., Rugini, E., Isolation and culture of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivar protoplasts. Acta Horticult. 356 (1994), 51–53.
108. Rallo, L., Looking towards tomorrow in olive growing: challenges in breeding. Acta Horticult. 1057 (2014), 467–482.
109. Rallo, L., Barranco, D., JM, Caballero, CD, Rio, Tous, J., Trujillo, I., Variedades de olive en Espana. Junta de Andalucia, 2005, Mapa y edizione Mundi-Prensa, Madrid.
110. Rawashdeh, I., Detecting genetic variation in mutants of olive cultivar Nabali using RAPD-PCR technique in Jordan. Dirasat Agr. Sci. 30 (2003), 133–136.
111. Rosati, A., Caporali, S., Hammami, S.B.M., Moreno-Alías, I., Paoletti, A., Rapoport, H.F., Tissue size and cell number in the olive (Olea europaea) ovary determine tissue growth and partitioning in the fruit. Funct. Plant Biol. 39:7 (2012), 580–587.
112. Rosati, A., Paoletti, A., Caporali, S., Perri, E., The role of tree architecture in super high density olive orchards. Sci. Hortic. 161 (2013), 24–29.
113. Roselli, U., Donini, B., Briscola. Nuova cultivar di olivo a sviluppo compatto. Rivista di Ortoflorofrutticoltura Italiana 66 (1982), 103–114.
114. Rugini, E., In vitro propagation of some olive cultivars with different root-ability and medium development using analytical data from developing shoots and embryos. Sci. Hortic. 24 (1984), 123–134.
115. Rugini, E., Olive. Bajaj, Y.P.S., (eds.) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol. 10, 1986, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 253–267.
116. Rugini, E., Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in olive (Olea europaea L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 14 (1988), 207–214.
117. Rugini, E., Involvement of polyamines in auxin and Agrobacterium rhizogenes-induced rooting of fruit trees in vitro. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117 (1992), 532–536.
118. Rugini, E., Somatic embryogenesis in olive (Olea europaea L.). Jain, S.M., Gupta, P.k., Newton, R.J., (eds.) Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, vol. II, 1995, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 171–189.
119. Rugini, E., State of the art on transgenic fruit trees and considerations on the consequences of the prohibitions imposed on research in Italy Italus Hortus., 22, 2015, 31–57.
120. Rugini, E., Bottalico, G., Tecniche di risanamento. Univ. Degli Studi di Bari, 2011, 51–53.
121. Rugini, E., Caricato, G., Somatic embryogenesis and plant recovery from mature tissues of olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) “Canino” and “Moraiolo”. Plant Cell Rep. 14 (1995), 257–260.
122. Rugini, E., Fedeli, E., Olive (Olea europaea L.) as an oilseed crop. Y.P.S. Bajaj Legumes and Oilseed Crops I. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol. 10, 1990, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 593–641.
123. Rugini, E., Jacoboni, A., Bazzoffia, A., A simple in vitro method to avoid the initial dark period and to increase rooting in woody species. Acta Horticult. 227 (1987), 438–440.
124. Rugini, E., Pannelli, G., Ceccarelli, C., Muganu, Isolation of triploid and tetraploid olive (Olea europaea L.) plants from mixoploid cv. ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Leccino’ mutants by in vivo and in vitro selection. Plant Breed. 115:1 (1996), 23–27.
125. Rugini, E., Di Francesco, G., Muganu, M., Astolfi, S., Caricato, G., The effect of polyamines and hydrogen peroxide in root formation in olive cuttings and in the role of polyamines as an early marker for rooting ability. Altman, A., A.E.Waisel, (eds.) Biology of Root Formation and Development, 1997, 65–74.
126. Rugini, E., Biasi, R., Muleo, R., Olive (Olea europaea var. sativa) transformation. Jain, S.M., Minocha, S.C., (eds.) Molecular Biology of Woody Plants, vol. 2, 2000, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 245–279.
127. Rugini, E., Gutierrez-Pesce, P., Muleo, R., Olive. Kole, C., Hall, T.C., (eds.) Compendium of Transgenic Crop Plants: Transgenic Temperate Fruits and Nuts, 2008, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, 233–258.
128. Rugini, E., De Pace, C., Gutierrez-Pesce, P., Muleo, R., Olea. Kole, C., (eds.) Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources, Temperate Fruits, Temperate Fruits, 2011, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 79–117.
129. Rugini, E., Silvestri, C., Cristofori, V., Musco, G., Zecchini, M., Colao, M.C., et al. Phenotypical observations of novel olive genotypes suitable for an intensive plantation. Proceeding Olivebioteq; Chania, Crete, Greece, 2011.
130. Sánchez-Romero, C., Swennen, R., Panis, B., Cryopreservation of olive embryogenic cultures. Cryo-Letters 5 (2009), 359–372.
131. Sebastiani, L., Vitagliano, C., Obiettivi e nuove tec - nologie per il miglioramento genetico dell'olivo. - L'Informatore Agrario., 45, 1999, 67–70.
132. Serrano, J.M.F., Clonal selection in Portuguese olive varieties. Acta Horticult. 286 (1990), 53–56.
133. Serrano, J.M.F., Leitao, F., Potes, M.F., Clara, M.I., Rei, F.T., Maral, L., Selezione clonale e sanitaria di dieci cultivar di Olea europaea L. nel Portogallo Meridionale. Olivae 66 (1997), 51–53.
134. Serrano, J.F., Leitao, F., Potes, M.F., Serrano, M.C., Clara, M.I., Amaral, L., Preliminary observations on earliness of flowering and fructification of selected clones of Olea europaea L. Acta Horticult. 474 (1999), 167–169.
135. Sesli, M., Onan, E., Oden, S., Yener, H., Yegenoglu, E.D., Resistance of olive cultivars to Verticillium dahliae. Sci. Res. Essays 5 (2010), 1561–1565.
136. Shibli, R.A., Al-Juboory, K.H., Cryopreservation of ‘Nabali’ olive (Olea europea L.) somatic and encapsulation-vitrification. CryoLetters 21:6 (2000), 357–366.
137. Shibli, R.A., Shatnawi, M., Abu, E., Al-Juboory, K.H., Somatic embryogenesis and plant recovery from callus of “Nabali” olive (Olea europaea L.). Sci. Hortic. 88 (2001), 243–256.
138. Sholokhova, V.A., New olive varieties. Sadovodstvo 4 (1984), 20–22.
139. Strobel, G.A., Nachmias, A., Wilford, M.H., Improvements in the growth and yield of olive trees by transformation with the Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Can. J. Bot. 66 (1988), 2581–2585.
140. Suarez, M.P., Lopez-Rivares, E.P., Cantero, M.L., Ordovas, J., Clonal selection on ‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’. Acta Horticult. 286 (1990), 117–119.
141. Torreblanca, R., Cerezo, S., Palomo-Rìos, E., Marcado, J.A., Pliego-Alfaro, F., Development of a high throughput system for genetic transformation of olive (Olea europaea L.) plants. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 103 (2010), 61–69.
142. Tous, J., Romero, A., Plana, J., Selecciòn clonal de la poblaciòn de olivos ‘Arbequina’. Agricultura 730 (1993), 413–416.
143. Tous, J., Romero, A., Plana, J., IRTA-i 18, clone della varietà di olivo Arbequina. Olivae 77 (1999), 50–52.
144. Tous, J., Romero, A., Plana, J., Vigor (Banco de Germoplasma de Cataluna). Rallo, L., Barranco, D., Caballero, J., Martìn, A., del Rìo, C., Tous, J., Trujillo, I., (eds.) ‘Variedades de olivo en Espana (Libro II: Variabilidad y selecciòn)’, 2005, 247–256 (Madrid).
145. Trigui, A., Il miglioramento quantitativo e qualitativo della produzione olivicola in Tunisia: l'inevitabile necessità e le prospettive dell'identificazione e del miglioramento genetico dell'olivo. Olivae 61 (1996), 34–40.
146. Yakoub-Bougdal, S., Chérifi, D., Bonaly, J., Production de vitroplants d'Olea europaea var. Chemlali. Cah. Agric. 16 (2007), 125–127.
147. Yalcinkaya, E., Kaynas, N., Sutcu, A.R., Fidan, A.E., Olive cross breeding studies at Yalova-ACHRI. 4th International Symposium on Olive Growing, 2000 (Valenzano (Bari) Italy, 25–30 September).
148. Zafer Can, H., Isfendiyaroglu, M., Olive oil sector in Turkey. Proceedings Second International Seminar Olivebioteq. Special Seminars and Invited Lectures. Mazara del Vallo (TP), 2006, 109–120 (5–10 November).
149. Zeinanloo, A.A., The olive industry in Iran. Proceedings Second International Seminar Olivebioteq. Special Seminars and Invited Lectures, 2006, 173–182 (Mazara del Vallo (TP). 5–10 November).
150. Zeinanloo, A., Shahsavari, A., Mohammadi, A., Naghavi, M.R., Variance component and heritability of some fruit characters in olive (Olea europaea L.). Sci. Hortic. 123 (2009), 68–72.