Applying critical realism in qualitative research: methodology meets method

International Journal of Social Research Methodology

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 181-194

  Fletcher, Amber J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF REGINA   (Canada)

Author keywords

coding; Critical realism; data analysis; feminist political economy; gender; qualitative; retroduction

Indexed keywords

EID: 84961215698     PISSN: 13645579     EISSN: 14645300     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13645579.2016.1144401     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Ackroyd, S., & Karlsson, J. C., (2014). Critical realism, research techniques, and research resigns. In P. K., Edwards, J., O’Mahoney, & S., Vincent (Eds.), Studying organizations using critical realism:A practical guide (pp. 21–45). Oxford:Oxford University Press.
2. Archer, M. S., (1995). Realist social theory:The morphogenetic approach. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511557675
3. Archer, M. S., (2010). Morphogenesis versus structuration:On combining structure and action. The British Journal of Sociology, 61, 225–252. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2009.01245.x10.1111/(ISSN)1468-4446
4. Archer, M., Bhaskar, R., Collier, A., Lawson, T., & Norrie, A., (1998). General introduction. In M., Archer, R., Bhaskar, A., Collier, T., Lawson, & A., Norrie (Eds.), Critical realism:Essential readings (pp. ix–xxiv). London:Routledge.
5. Bakker, I., (2007). Social reproduction and the constitution of a gendered political economy. New Political Economy, 12, 541–556.doi:10.1080/1356346070166156110.1080/13563460701661561
6. Bakker, I., & Gill, S., (2008). New constitutionalism and social reproduction. In I., Bakker & R., Silvey (Eds.), Beyond states and markets:The challenges of social reproduction (pp. 19–33). New York, NY:Routledge.
7. Bezanson, K., & Luxton, M. (2006). Social reproduction:Feminist political economy challenges neo-liberalism. Montreal:McGill-Queen’s University Press.
8. Bhaskar, R., (1979). The possibility of naturalism:A philosophical critique of the contemporary human sciences. Atlantic Highlands, NJ:Humanities Press.
9. Bhaskar, R., (1998). Philosophy and scientific realism. In M., Archer, R., Bhaskar, A., Collier, T., Lawson, & A., Norrie (Eds.), Critical realism:Essential readings (pp. 16–47). London:Routledge.
10. Bhaskar, R., (2014). Foreword. In P. K., Edwards, J., O’Mahoney, & S., Vincent (Eds.), Studying organizations using critical realism:A practical guide (pp. v—xv). Oxford:Oxford University Press.
11. Braedley, S., & Luxton, M., (2010). Competing philosophies:Neoliberalism and the challenges of everyday life. In S., Braedley & M., Luxton (Eds.), Neoliberalism and everyday life (pp. 3–21). Montreal:McGill-Queen’s University Press.
12. Brodie, J., (2008). We are all equal now:Contemporary gender politics in Canada. Feminist Theory, 9, 145–164. doi:10.1177/1464700108090408.
13. Brown, A., Fleetwood, S., & Roberts, J. M., (2002). The marriage of critical realism and Marxism:Happy, unhappy or on the rocks? In A., Brown, S., Fleetwood, & J. M., Roberts (Eds.), Critical realism and Marxism (pp. 1–22). London:Routledge.
14. Carter, B., & New, C., (2004). Introduction:Realist social theory and empirical research. In B., Carter & C., New (Eds.), Making realism work:Realist social theory and empirical research (pp. 1–20). London:Routledge.
15. Charmaz, K., (2006). Constructing grounded theory:A practical guide through qualitative analysis. London:Sage.
16. Clarke, J., & Alston, M., (in press). Understanding the “local” and “global”:Intersections engendering change for women in family farming in Australia. In A., Fletcher & W., Kubik (Eds.), Women in agriculture worldwide:Key issues and practical approaches. Farnham:Gower/Ashgate.
17. Collier, A., (1994). Critical realism:An introduction to Roy Bhaskar’s philosophy. London:Verso.
18. Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. L., (2008). Basics of qualitative research:Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Los Angeles, CA:Sage.
19. Danermark, B., Ekström, M., Jakobsen, L., & Karlsson, J. C., (2002). Explaining society:An introduction to critical realism in the social sciences. London:Routledge.
20. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S., (2011). The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
21. Edwards, P. K., O’Mahoney, J., & Vincent, S., (Eds.). (2014). Studying organizations using critical realism:A practical guide. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
22. Epp, R., & Whitson, D., (Eds.). (2001). Writing off the rural West:Globalization, governments and the transformation of rural communities. Edmonton:University of Alberta Press and Parkland Institute.
23. Fletcher, A., (2013). The view from here:Agricultural policy, climate change, and the future of farm women in Saskatchewan (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Regina, Regina, SK.
24. Gilgun, J., (2011). Coding in deductive qualitative analysis. Current Issues in Qualitative Research:An Occasional Publication for Field Researchers from a Variety of Disciplines, 2(1), 1–4.
25. Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L., (1967). The discovery of grounded theory:Strategies for qualitative research. New Brunswick, NJ:Aldine Transaction.
26. Hart, A., New, C., & Freeman, M., (2004). Health visitors and “disadvantaged” parent-clients. In B., Carter & C., New (Eds.), Making realism work:Realist social theory and empirical research (pp. 151–170). London:Routledge.
27. Harvey, D., (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
28. Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E., (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15, 1277–1288. doi:10.1177/104973230527668710.1177/1049732305276687
29. Jaffe, J., & Blakley, B., (1999). Coping as a rural caregiver:The impact of health care reforms on rural women informal caregivers. Regina:Prairie Women’s Health Centre of Excellence.
30. Kubik, W., (2004). The changing roles of farm women and the consequences for their health, well being, and quality of life (Doctoral dissertation). University of Regina, Regina.
31. Kubik, W., (2005). Farm women:The hidden subsidy in our food. Canadian Woman Studies, 24, 85–90.
32. Kuyek, D., (2007). Sowing the seeds of corporate agriculture:The rise of Canada’s Third Seed Regime. Studies in Political Economy, 80, 31–54.
33. Lawson, T., (1997). Economics and reality. London:Routledge.10.4324/SE0085
34. Lawson, T., (1998). Economic science without experimentation. In M., Archer, R., Bhaskar, A., Collier, T., Lawson, & A., Norrie (Eds.), Critical realism:Essential readings (pp. 144–169). London:Routledge.
35. Luxton, M., (2006). Feminist political economy in Canada and the politics of social reproduction. In K., Bezanson & M., Luxton (Eds.), Social reproduction:Feminist political economy challenges neo-liberalism (pp. 11–44). Montreal:McGill-Queen’s University Press.
36. Martz, D. J. F., (2006). Canadian farm women and their families:Restructuring, work and decision making (Doctoral dissertation). Saskatoon:University of Saskatchewan.
37. Maxwell, J. A., (2012). A realist approach for qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
38. Morse, J. M., Barrett, M., Mayan, M., Olson, K., & Spiers, J., (2008). Verification strategies for establishing reliability and validity in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1, 13–22.
39. New, C., (2005). Sex and gender:A critical realist approach. New Formations, 56, 54–70.
40. Nielsen, P., (2002). Reflections on critical realism in political economy. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 26, 727–738.10.1093/cje/26.6.727
41. O’Mahoney, J., & Vincent, S., (2014). Critical realism as an empirical project:A beginner’s guide. In P. K., Edwards, J., O’Mahoney, & S., Vincent (Eds.), Studying organizations using critical realism:A practical guide (pp. 1–20). Oxford:Oxford University Press.
42. Oliver, C., (2012). Critical realist grounded theory:A new approach for social work research. British Journal of Social Work, 42, 371–387. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcr06410.1093/bjsw/bcr064
43. Parr, S., (2013). Integrating critical realist and feminist methodologies:Ethical and analytical dilemmas. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 18, 193–207. doi:10.1080/13645579.2013.868572
44. Psillos, S., (2007). Causality. In M., Hartwig (Ed.), Dictionary of critical realism (pp. 57–61). London:Routledge.
45. Redman-MacLaren, M., & Mills, J., (2015). Transformational grounded theory:Theory, voice, and action. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 14(3), 1–12.
46. Rioux, M., (1969). A study of Canadian farm women:A report of the results of a survey by the Family Herald magazine. Conducted for the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, 1970.
47. Roppel, C., Desmarais, A. A., & Martz, D., (2006). Farm women and Canadian agricultural policy. Ottawa:Status of Women Canada. Retrieved from http://www.aic.ca/gender/pdf/Farm_Women.pdf
48. Saldaña, J., (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, CA:Sage.
49. Sayer, A., (1992). Methods in social science:A realist approach. London:Routledge.
50. Springer, S., (2013). Neoliberalism. In K., Dodds, M., Kuus, & J., Sharpe (Eds.), The Ashgate research companion to critical geopolitics (pp. 147–164). Surrey:Ashgate Publishing.
51. Statistics Canada. (2011). 2011 census of agriculture. Ottawa:Government of Canada. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/120510/dq120510a-eng.htm
52. Statistics Canada. (2012). Snapshot of Canadian agriculture:Farm and farm operator data (No. 95-640-XWE). Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/95-640-x/2012002/01-eng.htm
53. Suddaby, R., (2006). From the editors:What grounded theory is not. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 633–642.10.5465/AMJ.2006.22083020
54. Vosko, L. F., (2003). The pasts (and futures) of feminist political economy in Canada:Reviving the debate. In C., Andrew, P., Armstrong, H., Armstrong, W., Clement, & L. F., Vosko (Eds.), Studies in political economy:Developments in feminism (pp. 305–332). Toronto:Women’s Press.
55. Yeung, H. W., (1997). Critical realism and realist research in human geography:A method or a philosophy in search of a method? Progress in Human Geography, 21, 51–74.10.1191/030913297668207944