The role of travel conditions in cycling tourism: implications for destination and event management

Journal of Sport and Tourism

Volumn 20, Issue 3-4, 2016, Pages 175-193

  Buning, Richard J ^a   Gibson, Heather J ^b  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

active sport event travel career; Active sport tourism; cycling tourism; event and destination management; travel conditions

Indexed keywords

EID: 84961210341     PISSN: 14775085     EISSN: 10295399     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14775085.2016.1155474     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Agresti, A., & Finlay, B., (2009). Statistical methods for the social sciences (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice Hall.
2. Buning, R. J., & Gibson, H. J., (2015). The evolution of active sport event travel careers. Journal of Sport Management, 29(5), 555–569. doi:10.1123/jsm.2014-0215.
3. Buning, R. J., & Gibson, H. J., (2016). The trajectory of active sport event travel careers:A social worlds perspective. Journal of Sport Management. Advance online publication. doi:10.1123/jsm.2015-0213.
4. Bull, C. J., (2006). Racing cyclists as sports tourists:The experiences and behaviours of a case study group of cyclists in East Kent, England. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 11, 259–274. doi:10.1080/14775080701400927
5. Chalip, L., & McGuirty, J., (2004). Bundling sport events with the host destination. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 9, 267–282. doi:10.1080/1477508042000320241
6. Chen, C., & Chen, P., (2013). Estimating recreational cyclists’ preferences for bicycle routes–Evidence from Taiwan. Transport Policy, 26, 23–30. doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.01.001
7. Chen, C. F., & Tsai, D. C., (2007). How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28(4), 1115–1122. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2006.07.007
8. Chi, C. G. Q., & Qu, H., (2008). Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty:An integrated approach. Tourism Management, 29(4), 624–636. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.06.007
9. Cobb, S., & Olberding, D. J., (2010). Shipping the runners to the race:A sport tourism interpretation of the Alchian-Allen theorem. International Journal of Sport Finance, 5, 268–279.
10. Coghlan, A., (2012). An autoethnographic account of a cycling charity challenge event:Exploring manifest and latent aspects of the experience. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 17(2), 105–124. doi:10.1080/14775085.2012.729899
11. Crompton, J. L., (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(1), 408–424. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(79)90004-5
12. Cumberland County. (2000). Cumberland county bike trail study. Retrieved from the South Jersey Transportation Planning Origination website. http://www.sjtpo.org/Documents/Studies/CumbCoBikeStudy_Dec2000.pdf
13. Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M., (2009). Internet, mail, and mixed-mode surveys:The tailored design method (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley & Sons.
14. Downward, P., & Lumsdon, L., (2001). The development of recreational cycle routes:An evaluation of user needs. Managing Leisure, 6, 50–60. doi:10.1080/13606710010026368
15. Downward, P., Lumsdon, L., & Weston, R., (2009). Visitor expenditure:The case of cycle recreation and tourism. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 14(1), 25–42. doi:10.1080/14775080902847397
16. Drennan, J., (2003). Cognitive interviewing:Verbal data in the design and pretesting of questionnaires. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 42(1), 57–63. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02579.x
17. Faulks, P., Ritchie, B., & Fluker, M., (2007). Cycle tourism in Australia:An investigation into its size and scope. Retrieved from the Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre website. http://www.crctourism.com.au/BookShop/BookDetail.aspx?d=500
18. Freeman, R., & Thomlinson, E., (2014). Mountain bike tourism and community development in British Columbia:Critical success factors for the future. Tourism Review International, 18, 9–22. doi:10.3727/154427214X13990420684400
19. Getz, D., (2008). Event tourism:Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management, 29, 403–428. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.07.017
20. Getz, D., & Andersson, T. D., (2010). The event-tourist career trajectory:A study of high-involvement amateur distance runners. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 10, 468–491. doi:10.1080/15022250.2010.524981
21. Getz, D., & McConnell, A., (2011). Serious sport tourism and event travel careers. Journal of Sport Management, 25, 326–338. doi:10.1123/jsm.25.4.326
22. Getz, D., & Patterson, I., (2013). Social worlds as a framework for event and travel careers. Tourism Analysis, 18, 485–501. doi:10.3727/108354213X13782245307632
23. Gibson, H., Willming, C., & Holdnak, A., (2003). Small-scale event sport tourism:Fans as tourists. Tourism Management, 24, 181–190. doi:10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00058-4
24. Gibson, H. J., (1998). Sport tourism:A critical analysis of research. Sport Management Review, 1(1), 45–76. doi:10.1016/S1441-3523(98)70099-3
25. Gibson, H. J., & Chang, S., (2012). Cycling in mid and later life:Involvement and benefits sought from a bicycle tour. Journal of Leisure Research, 44(1), 23–51.
26. Gibson, H. J., Kaplanidou, K., & Kang, S. J., (2012). Small-scale event sport tourism:A case study in sustainable tourism. Sport Management Review, 15(2), 160–170. doi:10.1016/j.smr.2011.08.013
27. Gillett, P., & Kelly, S., (2006). ‘Non-local’ masters games participants:An investigation of competitive active sport tourist motives. Journal of Sport Tourism, 11(3-4), 239–257. doi:10.1080/14775080701400760
28. Gunn, C., (1972). Vacationscape:Designing tourist regions. Austin:Bureau of Business Research, University of Texas.
29. Kaplanidou, K., & Gibson, H. J., (2010). Predicting behavioral intentions of active event sport tourists:The case of a small-scale recurring sports event. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 15(2), 163–179. doi:10.1080/14775085.2010.498261
30. Kaplanidou, K., Kerwin, S., & Karadakis, K., (2013). Understanding sport event success:Exploring perceptions of sport event consumers and event providers. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 18(3), 137–159. doi:10.1080/14775085.2013.861358
31. Kaplanidou, K., & Vogt, C., (2007). The interrelationship between sport event and destination image and sport tourists’ behaviours. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 12(3-4), 183–206. doi:10.1080/14775080701736932
32. Kulczycki, C., & Halpenny, E., (2014). Sport cycling tourists’ setting preferences, appraisals, and attachments. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 19(2), 169–197. doi:10.1080/14775085.2015.1070741
33. Lamont, M., (2009). Reinventing the wheel:A definitional discussion of bicycle tourism. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 14(1), 5–23. doi:10.1080/14775080902847363
34. Lamont, M., & Buultjens, J., (2011). Putting the brakes on:Impediments to the development of independent cycle tourism in Australia. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(1), 57–78. doi:10.1080/13683500903250799
35. Lamont, M., & Jenkins, J., (2013). Segmentation of cycling event participants:A two-step cluster method utilizing recreation specialization. Event Management, 17, 391–407. doi:10.3727/152599513X13769392444666
36. Lamont, M., & Kennelly, M., (2011). I can't do everything! Competing priorities as constraints in triathlon event travel careers. Tourism Review International, 14(2), 85–97. doi:10.3727/154427211X13044361606333
37. Lamont, M., Kennelly, M., & Wilson, E., (2012). Competing priorities as constraints in event travel careers. Tourism Management, 33, 1068–1079. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.12.005
38. Larson, D. J., (2013). Membership survey and analysis. Retrieved from USA Cycling Inc website:https://s3.amazonaws.com/USACWeb/forms/encyc/2013-USAC-Membership-Survey-Report.pdf
39. Larson, D. J., & Won, D., (2012). Road cycling event preferences for racing cyclists. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 13(2), 27–42. doi:10.1108/IJSMS-13-02-2012-B004
40. Lawson, R., (1991). Patterns of tourist expenditures and types of vacation across the family life cycle. Journal of Travel Research, 29(4), 12–18. doi:10.1177/004728759102900403
41. Lee, C., Chen, P., & Huang, H., (2014). Attributes of destination attractiveness in Taiwanese bicycle tourism:The perspective of active experienced bicycle tourists. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 15, 275–297. doi:10.1080/15256480.2014.925726
42. Lee, C., & Huang, H., (2014). The attractiveness of Taiwan as a bicycle tourism destination:A supply-side approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(3), 273–299. doi:10.1080/10941665.2012.739190
43. Lepp, A., & Gibson, H., (2003). Tourist roles, perceived risk and international tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), 606–624. doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(03)00024-0
44. Lepp, A., & Gibson, H., (2008). Sensation seeking and tourism:Tourist role, perception of risk and destination choice. Tourism Management, 29(4), 740–750. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.08.002
45. McGehee, N., Yoon, Y., & Cardenas, D., (2003). Involvement and travel for recreational runners in North Carolina. Journal of Sport Management, 17, 305–324. doi:10.1123/jsm.17.3.305
46. Nickerson, N. P., Jorgenson, J., Berry, M., Kwenye, J., Kozel, D., & Schutz, J., (2013). Analysis of touring cyclists:Impacts, needs and opportunities for Montana. Retrieved from the Institute for Tourism Recreation Research website. http://scholarworks.umt.edu/itrr_pubs/226/
47. Parks & Trails New York. (2010). Bicyclists bring business:A guide for attracting bicyclists to New York's canal communities. Retrieved from the Parks & Trails New York website. http://www.ptny.org/application/files/8514/3387/5238/Bicyclists_bring_business.pdf
48. Patterson, I., Getz, D., & Gubb, K., (2015). The social world and event travel career of the serious yoga devotee. Leisure Studies, 23, 1–18.
49. Patterson, I., Getz, D., & Gubb, K., (2016). The social world and event travel career of the serious yoga devotee. Leisure Studies, 35(3), 296–316. doi:10.1080/02614367.2014.962583
50. Pearce, P. L., (1988). The Ulysses factor:Evaluating visitors in tourist settings. New York, NY:Springer-Verlag New York.
51. Pearce, P. L., (2005). Tourist behaviour:Themes and conceptual schemes. Buffalo, NY:Channel View Publications.
52. Physical Activity Council. (2015). 2015 Participation report. Retrieved from www.physicalactivitycouncil.com/pdfs/current.pdf
53. Qi, C. X., Gibson, H. J., & Zhang, J. J., (2009). Perceptions of risk and travel intentions:The case of China and the Beijing Olympic Games. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 14(1), 43–67. doi:10.1080/14775080902847439
54. Ritchie, B., Mosedale, L., & King, J., (2002). Profiling sport tourists:The case of Super 12 Rugby Union in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Current Issues in Tourism, 5(1), 33–44. doi:10.1080/13683500208667906
55. Ritchie, B. W., (1998). Bicycle tourism in the South Island of New Zealand:Planning and management issues. Tourism Management, 19(6), 567–582. doi:10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00063-6
56. Ritchie, B. W., Tkaczynski, A., & Faulks, P., (2010). Understanding the motivation and travel behavior of cycle tourists using involvement profiles. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 27(4), 409–425. doi:10.1080/10548408.2010.481582
57. Robinson, T., & Gammon, S., (2004). A question of primary and secondary motives:Revisiting and applying the sport tourism framework. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 9(3), 221–233. doi:10.1080/1477508042000320223
58. Running USA. (2015). National running survey. Retrieved from http://www.runningusa.org/statistics
59. Ryan, C., & Glendon, I., (1998). Application of leisure motivation scale to tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(1), 169–184. doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00066-2
60. Ryan, C., & Lockyer, T., (2002). Masters’ games–The nature of competitors’ involvement and requirements. Event Management, 7(4), 259–270. doi:10.3727/152599502108751640
61. Sato, M., Jordan, J. S., Kaplanidou, K., & Funk, D. C., (2014). Determinants of tourists’ expenditure at mass participant sport events:A five-year analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(9), 763–771. doi:10.1080/13683500.2014.892918
62. Schanzel, H. A., & Yeoman, I., (2014). The future of family tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 39(3), 343–360. doi:10.1080/02508281.2014.11087005
63. Seelye, K., (2014). Boston plans to tighten security at marathon. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/11/us/boston-marathon-to-get-new-security-measures.html?_r=0
64. Shipway, R., & Jones, I., (2008). The great suburban Everest:An ‘insiders’ perspective on experiences at the 2007 Flora London Marathon. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 13(1), 61–77. doi:10.1080/14775080801972213
65. Snelgrove, R., & Wood, L., (2010). Attracting and leveraging visitors at a charity cycling event. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 15(4), 269–285. doi:10.1080/14775085.2010.533918
66. Stebbins, R. A., (1982). Serious leisure:A conceptual statement. The Pacific Sociological Review, 25, 251–272. doi:10.2307/1388726
67. Stebbins, R. A., (1992). Amateurs, professionals, and serious leisure. Buffalo, NY:McGill-Queen's University Press.
68. Taks, M., Chalip, L., Green, B. C., Kesenne, S., & Martyn, S., (2009). Factors affecting repeat visitation and flow-on tourism as sources of event strategy sustainability. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 14(2–3), 121–142. doi:10.1080/14775080902965066
69. Tang, Q., & Turco, D. M., (2001). Spending behaviors of event tourists. Journal of Convention & Exhibition Management, 3(2), 33–40. doi:10.1300/J143v03n02_04
70. Unruh, D. R., (1980). The nature of social worlds. The Pacific Sociological Review, 23(3), 271–296. doi:10.2307/1388823
71. Weed, M., (2003). Why the two won't tango! Explaining the lack of integrated policies for sport and tourism in the UK. Journal of Sport Management, 17, 258–283. doi:10.1123/jsm.17.3.258
72. Weed, M., Bull, C., Brown, M., Dowse, S., Lovell, J., Mansfield, L., & Wellard, I., (2014). A systematic review and meta-analyses of the potential local economic impact of tourism and leisure cycling and the development of an evidence-based market segmentation. Tourism Review International, 18, 37–55. doi:10.3727/154427214X13990420684482
73. Willis, G. B., (2005). Cognitive interviewing:A tool for improving questionnaire design. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publications.