Self-distancing from trauma memories reduces physiological but not subjective emotional reactivity among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

Clinical Psychological Science

Volumn 3, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 956-963

  Wisco, Blair E ^a   Marx, Brian P ^b,c   Sloan, Denise M ^b,c   Gorman, Kaitlyn R ^b   Kulish, Andrea L ^b   Pineles, Suzanne L ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT GREENSBORO   (United States)

^b VA BOSTON HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^c BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Memory; PTSD; Self distancing; Trauma; Visual perspective

Indexed keywords

EID: 84960431041     PISSN: 21677026     EISSN: 21677034     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/2167702614560745     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author. doi:10.1176/appibooks.9780890423349
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Ayduk, O., & Kross, E. (2008). Enhancing the pace of recovery: Self-distanced analysis of negative experiences reduces blood pressure reactivity. Psychological Science, 19, 229-231. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02073.x.
4. Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1995). The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8, 75-90. doi:10.1002/jts.2490080106
5. Foa, E. B., & Rothbaum, B. A. (1998). Treating the trauma of rape: Cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD. New York, NY: Guilford.
6. Gruber, J., Harvey, A. G., & Johnson, S. L. (2009). Reflective and ruminative processing of positive emotional memories in bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 697-704. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.05.005
7. Kenny, L. M., & Bryant, R. A. (2007). Keeping memories at an arm’s length: Vantage point of trauma memories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1915-1920. doi:10.1016/jbrat.2006.09.004
8. Kenny, L. M., Bryant, R. A., Silove, D., Creamer, M., O’Donnell, M., & McFarlane, A. C. (2009). Distant memories: A prospective study of vantage point of trauma memories. Psychological Science, 20, 1049-1052. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02393.x
9. Kross, E., & Ayduk, O. (2008). Facilitating adaptive emotional analysis: Distinguishing distanced-analysis of depressive experiences from immersed-analysis and distraction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 924-938.
10. Kross, E., & Ayduk, O. (2009). Boundary conditions and buffering effects: Does depressive symptomology moderate the effectiveness of distanced-analysis for facilitating adaptive self-reflection? Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 923-992. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.04.004
11. Kross, E., Ayduk, O., & Mischel, W. (2005). When asking “why” does not hurt: Distinguishing rumination from reflective processing of negative emotions. Psychological Science, 16, 709-715. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01600.x
12. Kross, E., Bruehlman-Senecal, E., Park, J., Burson, A., Dougherty, A., Shablack, H., Ayduk, O. (2014). Selftalk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106, 304-324. doi:10.1037/a0035173
13. Kross, E., Gard, D., Deldin, P., Clifton, J., & Ayduk, O. (2012). “Asking why” from a distance: Its cognitive and emotional consequences for people with major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 559-569. doi:10.1037/a0028808
14. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). Motivated attention: Affect, activation and action. In P. J. Lang, R. F. Simons, & M. T. Balaban (Eds.), Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 97-135). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
15. Marx, B. P., Bovin, M. J., Suvak, M. K., Monson, C. M., Sloan, D. M., Fredman, S. J., Keane, T. M. (2012). Concordance between physiological arousal and subjective distress among Vietnam combat veterans undergoing challenge testing for PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25, 416-425. doi:10.1002/jts.21729
16. McIsaac, H. K., & Eich, E. (2002). Vantage point in episodic memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 146-150
17. McIsaac, H. K., & Eich, E. (2004). Vantage point in traumatic memory. Psychological Science, 15, 248-253. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00660.x
18. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 3, 400-424. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x
19. Watson, E., & Clark, L. A. (1999). The PANAS-X: Manual for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form. Retrieved from http://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/watson/PANAS-X.pdf.
20. Weathers, F. W., Keane, T. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2001). Clinician-administered PTSD scale: A review of the first ten years of research. Depression and Anxiety, 13, 132-156. doi:10.1002/da.1029
21. Wisco, B. E., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). Effect of visual perspective on memory and interpretation in dysphoria. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 406-412. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.03.012