A source-to-sink perspective of the Waipaoa River margin

Earth-Science Reviews

Volumn 153, Issue , 2016, Pages 301-334

  Kuehl, Steven A ^a   Alexander, Clark R ^b   Blair, Neal E ^c,k   Harris, Courtney K ^a   Marsaglia, Kathleen M ^d   Ogston, Andrea S ^e   Orpin, Alan R ^f   Roering, Joshua J ^g   Bever, Aaron J ^h   Bilderback, Eric L ⁱ   Carter, Lionel ^j   Cerovski Darriau, Corina ^g   Childress, Laurel B ^k   Reide Corbett, D ^l   Hale, Richard P ^m   Leithold, Elana L ⁿ   Litchfield, Nicola ^o   Moriarty, Julia M ^a   Page, Mike J ^o   Pierce, Lila E R ^a   Upton, Phaedra ^o   Walsh, John P ^l   more..

^a VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE   (United States)

^b SKIDAWAY INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY   (United States)

^c Northwestern University   (United States)

^d CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^f NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

^g UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

^h Anchor QEA   (United States)

ⁱ NATIONAL PARK SERVICE   (United States)

^j VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

^k NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^l EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^m VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

ⁿ NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^o GNS SCIENCE   (New Zealand)

more..

Author keywords

Carbon cycle; Continental margin; Landscape evolution; New Zealand; Sediment transport; Sedimentology; Stratigraphy; Waipaoa River

Indexed keywords

ACCUMULATION RATE; CARBON CYCLE; CONTINENTAL MARGIN; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTATION; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS;

GISBORNE; NEW ZEALAND; NORTH ISLAND; POVERTY BAY; WAIPAOA RIVER;

EID: 84960145897     PISSN: 00128252     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.10.001     Document Type: Review

References (216)

1. Adams J. Earthquake-dammed lakes in New Zealand. Geology 1981, 9:215-219.
2. Alexander C.R., Lee H. Sediment Accumulation on the Southern California Bight Continental Margin During the Twentieth Century. GSA Special Paper 2009, 454, Ch. 2.4:69-88. H. Lee, B. Normark (Eds.).
3. Alexander C.R., Simoneau A. Spatial variability in sedimentary processes on the Eel continental slope. Mar. Geol. 1999, 154:243-254.
4. Alexander C.R., Walsh J.P., Orpin A.R. Modern sediment dispersal and accumulation on the outer Poverty continental margin. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270:213-226.
5. Aller R.C., Blair N.E. Carbon remineralization in the Amazon-Guianas tropical mobile mudbelt: a sedimentary incinerator. Cont. Shelf Res. 2006, 26:2241-2259.
6. Aller R.C., Blair N.E., Brunskill G.J. Early diagenetic cycling, incineration, and burial of sedimentary organic carbon in the central Gulf of Papua (Papua New Guinea). J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 2008, 113(F1). 10.1029/2006jf000689.
7. Alloway B.V., Pillans B.J., Carter L., Niash T.R., Westgate J.A. Onshore-offshore correlation of Pleistocene rhyolitic eruptions from New Zealand: implications for TVZ eruptive history and paleoenvironmental construction. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2005, 24:1601-1622.
8. Alloway B.V., Lowe D.J., Barrell D.J., Newnham R.M., Almond P.C., Augustinius P.C., Bertler N.A., Carter L., Litchfield N.J., McGlone M.S., Shumeister J., Vandergoes M.J., Williams P.W., NZ-Intimate members Towards a climate event stratigraphy for the New Zealand over the past 30 000 years (NZ-INTIMATE project). J. Quat. Sci. 2007, 22:9-35.
9. Amundson R., Richter D.D., Humphreys G.S., Jobbagy E.G., Gaillardet J. Coupling between biota and earth materials in the Critical Zone. Elements 2007, 3:327-332.
10. Barrell D.J.A., Almond P.C., Vandergoes M.J., Lowe D.J., Newnham R.M., INTIMATE members A composite pollen-based stratotype for inter-regional evaluation of climatic events in New Zealand over the past 30,000 years (NZ-INTIMATE project). Quat. Sci. Rev. 2013, 74:4-20.
11. Berryman K. Age, height, and deformation of Holocene marine terraces at Mahia Peninsula, Hikurangi Subduction Margin, New Zealand. Tectonics 1993, 12:1347-1364.
12. Berryman K.B., Marden M., Eden D., Mazengarb C., Ota Y., Moriya I. Tectonic and paleoclimatic significance of Quaternary river terraces of the Waipaoa River, east coast, North Island, New Zealand. NZ J. Geol. Geophys. 2000, 43:229-245.
13. Berryman K., Marden M., Palmer A., Wilson K., Mazengarb C., Litchfield N. The post-glacial down cutting history in the Waihuka tributary of Waipaoa River, Gisborne district: implications for tectonics and landscape evolution in the Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270:55-71.
14. Bever A.J. Integrating Space- and Time-Scales of Sediment-Transport for Poverty Bay, New Zealand 2010, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Ph.D. dissertation. (275 pp.).
15. Bever A.J., Harris C.K. Storm and fair-weather driven sediment-transport within Poverty Bay, New Zealand, evaluated using coupled numerical models. Cont. Shelf Res. 2014, 86:34-51.
16. Bever A.J., McNinch J.E., Harris C.K. Hydrodynamics and sediment-transport in the nearshore of Poverty Bay, New Zealand: observations of nearshore sediment segregation and oceanic storms. Cont. Shelf Res. 2011, 31(6):507-526.
17. Bilderback E.L. Hillslope response to climate-modulated river incision and the role of deep-seated landslides in post-glacial sediment flux: Waipaoa Sedimentary System, New Zealand 2012, PhD. Thesis, University of Canterbury. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7439.
18. Bilderback E.L., Pettinga J., Litchfield N.J., Quigley M., Marden M., Roering J.J., Palmer A.S. Hillslope response to climate-modulated river incision in the Waipaoa Catchment, East Coast North Island, New Zealand. Geol. Soc. Am. 2014, 10.1130/B31015.1.
19. Black, R.D., 1977. Rivers of change; early history of the upper Waipaoa and Mangatu catchments. New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute: Christchurch, New Zealand. Unpub. Rep.
20. Blair N.E., Aller R.C. The fate of terrestrial organic carbon in the marine environment. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 2012, 4:401-423.
21. Blair N.E., Leithold E.L., Aller R.C. From bedrock to burial: the evolution of particulate organic carbon across coupled watershed-continental margin systems. Mar. Chem. 2004, 92(1-4):141-156.
22. Blair N.E., Fournillier K., Leithold E.L., Childress L.B. Resolving organic carbon of differing diagenetic/catagenetic states in riverine and marine sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2010, 74(12):A95-A95.
23. Blair N.E., Leithold E.L., Brackley H., Trustrum N., Page M., Childress L. Terrestrial sources and export of particulate organic carbon in the Waipaoa sedimentary system: problems, progress and processes. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270(1-4):108-118.
24. Blair N., Ginnane C., Childress L., Leithold L. The Fate of Small Active Margin River POC in the Marine Environment Goldschmidt Conference, Florence, Italy 2013.
25. Brackley H.L., Blair N.E., Trustrum N.A., Carter L., Leithold E.L., Canuel E.A., Johnston J.H., Tate K.R. Dispersal and transformation of organic carbon across an episodic, high sediment discharge continental margin, Waipaoa Sedimentary System, New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270(1-4):202-212.
26. Brown L.J. Holocene shoreline depositional processes at Poverty Bay, a tectonically active area, northeastern North Island, New Zealand. Quat. Res. 1995, 26:21-33.
27. Carrasco J. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of Late-Pleistocene Lacustrine to Alluvial Deposits from the Waipaoa River Catchment, North Island, New Zealand 2012, 109. M.S. thesis, California State University Northridge, CA.
28. Carter L., Manighetti B. Glacial/interglacial control of terrigenous and biogenic fluxes off a high input, collisional margin; a 139 kyr-record from New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2006, 226:307-322.
29. Carter R.M., Carter L., Williams J.J., Landis C.A. Modern and relict sedimentation on the South Otago continental shelf, New Zealand. NZ Oceanogr. Inst. Mem. 1985, 93:43.
30. Carter L., Manighetti B., Elliot M., Trustrum N., Gomez B. Source, sea level and circulation effects on the sediment flux to the deep ocean over the past 15 ka off eastern New Zealand. Glob. Planet. Chang. 2002, 33:339-355.
31. Carter L., Manighetti B., Ganssen G., Northcote L. SW Pacific modulation of abrupt climate change during the Antarctic Cold Reversal-Younger Dryas. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2008, 260:284-298.
32. Carter, L., Orpin, A.R. and Kuehl, S.A., 2010. From mountain source to ocean sink - the passage of sediment across an active margin, Waipaoa Sedimentary System, New Zealand, Mar. Geol., 270(1-4), 1-10.
33. Cerovski-Darriau C., Roering J., Marden M., Palmer A., Bilderback E. Quantifying temporal variations in landslide-driven sediment production by reconstructing paleolandscapes using tephrochronology and lidar: Waipaoa River, New Zealand. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2014, 10.1002/2014GC005467.
34. Chiswell S.M. The Wairarapa coastal current. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 2000, 34:303-315.
35. Chiswell S.M. Mean and variability in the Wairarapa and Hikurangi eddies. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 2005, 39:121-134.
36. Chiswell S.M., Roemmich D. The East Cape Current and two eddies: a mechanism for larval retention. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 1998, 32:385-397.
37. Claridge G.G.C. Clay minerals, accelerated erosion, and sedimentation in the Waipaoa River catchment. NZ J. Geol. Geophys. 1960, 3:184-191.
38. Cochran U., Berryman K., Zachariasen J., Mildenhall D., Hayward B., Southall K., Hollis C., Barker P., Wallace L., Alloway B. Paleoecological insights into subduction zone earthquake occurrence, eastern North Island, New Zealand. Geol. Soc. Am. 2006, 118(9):1051-1074.
39. Crockett J.S., Nittrouer C.A. The sandy inner shelf as a repository for muddy sediment: an example from Northern California. Cont. Shelf Res. 2004, 24(1):55-73.
40. Crosby B., Whipple K. Knickpoint initiation and distribution within fluvial networks: 236 waterfalls in the Waipaoa River, North Island, New Zealand. Geomorphology 2006, 82(1-2):16-38.
41. Crozier, M., Preston, N., 1999. Modelling changes in terrain resistance as a component of landform evolution in unstable hill country, In: Process Model. Landf. Evol. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 78 (Ed. by S. Hergarten & H.J. Neugebauer), pp. 267-284.
42. Culver S.J., Camp R.L., Walsh J.P., Hayward B.W., Corbett D.R., Alexander C.R. Distribution of foraminifera of the Poverty continental margin, New Zealand: implications for sediment transport. J. Foraminifer. Res. 2012, 42(4):305-326.
43. Curran K.J., Hill P.S., Milligan T.G. Fine-grained suspended sediment dynamics in the Eel River flood plume. Cont. Shelf Res. 2002, 22(17):2537-2550.
44. Davy, B., R. Wood, R., 1994. Gravity and magnetic modelling of the Hikurangi Plateau, Mar. Geol., 118, 139-151.
45. DeRose R.C., Gomez B., Marden M., Trustrum N.A. Gully erosion in Mangatu forest, New Zealand, estimated from digital elevation models. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 1998, 23(11):1045-1053.
46. Doser D.I., Webb T.H. Source parameters of large historical (1917-1961) earthquakes, North Island, New Zealand. Geophys. J. Int. 2003, 152:795-832.
47. Dowrick D.J., Rhoades D.A., Babor J., Beetham R.D. Bull. N. Z. Soc. Earthq. Eng. 1995, 28:134-145.
48. Eberhart-Phillips D., Reyners M., Chadwick M., Chiu J.-M. Crustal heterogeneity and subduction processes: 3-D Vp, Vp/Vs and Q in the southern North Island, New Zealand. Geophys. J. Int. 2005, 162(1):270-288.
49. Eden D.N., Page M.J. Palaeoclimatic implications of a storm erosion record from late Holocene lake sediments, North Island, New Zealand. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 1998, 139:37-58.
50. Eden D.N., Palmer A.S., Cronin S.J., Marden M., Berryman K.R. Dating the culmination of river aggradation at the end of the last glaciation using distal tephra compositions, eastern North Island, New Zealand. Geomorphology 2001, 38(1-2):133-151.
51. Field B.D., Uruski C.I., Beu A., Browne G., Crampton J., Funnell R., Killops S., Laird M., Mazengarb C., Morgans H., Rait G., Smale D., Strong P. Cretaceous-Cenozoic geology and petroleum systems of the east coast region, New Zealand. Inst. Geol. Nucl. Sci. Geol. Monogr 1997, 19:301.
52. Fleming K., Johnston P., Zwart D., Yokoyama Y., Lambeck K. Refining the eustatic sea-level curve since the last glacial maximum using far- and intermediate-field sites. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1998, 163:327-342.
53. Foster G., Carter L. Mud sedimentation on the continental shelf at an accretionary margin - Poverty Bay, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 1997, 40(2):157-173.
54. François-Holden C., Bannister S., Beavan J., Cousins J., Field B., McCaffrey R., McVerry G., Reyners M., Ristau J., Samsonov S., Wallace L. The Mw 6.6 Gisborne earthquake of 2007: preliminary records and general source characterization. Bull. N. Z. Soc. Earthq. Eng. 2008, 41:266-277.
55. Froggatt P.C., Lowe D.J. A review of Quaternary silicic and some other tephra formations from New Zealand: their stratigraphy, nomenclature, distribution, volume and age. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 1990, 33:89-109.
56. Fuller I.C., Marden M. Rapid channel response to variability in sediment supply: cutting and filling of the Tarndale Fan, Waipaoa catchment, New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270:45-54.
57. Fuller I.C., Marden M. Slope-channel coupling in steepland terrain: a field-based conceptual model from the Tarndale gully and fan, Waipaoa catchment, New Zealand. Geomorphology 2011, 128:105-115.
58. Gage M., Black R.D. Slope-stability and geological investigations at Mangatu State Forest. New Zeal For. Serv. Tech. Pap 1979, 66.
59. Gerber T.P., Pratson L.F., Kuehl S.A., Walsh J.P., Alexander C., Palmer A. The influence of sea level and tectonics on Late Pleistocene through Holocene sediment storage along the high-sediment supply Waipaoa continental shelf. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270:139-159.
60. Gibb J.G. A New Zealand regional Holocene sea level curve and its application to vertical tectonic movements. Bull. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 1986, 24:377-395.
61. Gomez B., Livingston D.M. The river it goes right on: post-glacial landscape evolution in the upper Waipaoa River basin, eastern North Island, New Zealand. Geomorphology 2012, 159-160:73-83.
62. Gomez B., Eden D.N., Hicks D.M., Trustrum N.A., Peacock D.H., Wilmshurst J.M. Contribution of floodplain sequestration to the sediment budget of theWaipaoa River, New Zealand. Floodplains: interdisciplinary approaches 1999, 163:69-88. S.B. Mariott, J. Alexander (Eds.).
63. Gomez B., Rosser B.J., Peacock D.H., Hicks D.M. Downstream fining in a rapidly aggrading gravel bed river. Water Res. 2001, 37:1813-1823.
64. Gomez B., Page M.J., Bak P., Trustrum N.A. Self-organized criticality in layered, lacustrine sediments formed by landsliding. Geology 2002, 30:519-522.
65. Gomez B., Trustrum N.A., Hicks D.M., Rogers K.M., Page M.J., Tate K.R. Production, storage, and output of particulate organic carbon: Waipaoa River basin, New Zealand. Water Res. 2003, 39(6).
66. Gomez B., Brackley H.L., Hicks D.M., Neff H., Rogers K.M. Organic carbon in floodplain alluvium: signature of historic variations in erosion processes associated with deforestation, Waipaoa River basin, New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 2004, 109(F4).
67. Gomez B., Carter L., Trustrum N.A., Palmer A.S., Roberts A.P. El Niño-Southern Oscillation signal associated with middle Holocene climate change in intercorrelated terrestrial and marine sediment cores, North Island, New Zealand. Geology 2004, 32:653-656.
68. Gomez B., Carter L., Trustrum N.A. A 2400 yr record of natural events and anthropogenic impacts in intercorrelated terrestrial and marine sediment cores: Waipaoa sedimentary system, New Zealand. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 2007, 119:1415-1432.
69. Gomez B., Baisden W.T., Rogers K.M. Variable composition of particle-bound organic carbon in steepland river systems. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 2010, 115.
70. Gomez B., Carter L., Orpin A.R., Cobb K.M., Page M.J., Trustrum N.A., Palmer A.S. ENSO/SAM interactions during the middle and late Holocene. The Holocene 2012, 22:23-30.
71. Gomez B., Carter L., Trustrum N.A., Page M.J., Orpin A.R. Coherent rainfall response to middle- and late-Holocene climate variability across the mid-latitude South Pacific. The Holocene 2013, 23:1000-1005.
72. Gomez B., Corral A., Orpin A.R., Page M.J., Pouderoux H., Upton P. Lake Tutira paleoseismic record confirms random, moderate to great Hawke's Bay earthquakes. Geology 2015, 43:103-106.
73. Guthrie-Smith H. Tutira: the story of a New Zealand sheep station 1999, 464. (Reprinted) University of Washington Press, Seattle.
74. Hale R.P. Investigating Sediment Transport on the Waipaoa Margin: Linking in situ Observations with Preserved Deposits 2014, University of Washington, Ph.D. dissertation. (132 pp.).
75. Hale R.P., Ogston A.S. In-situ observations of wave-supported fluid-mud generation on an active continental margin. JGR- Earth Surf. 2016, (in press).
76. Hale R.P., Ogston A.S., Walsh J.P., Orpin A.R. Sediment transport and event deposition on the Waipaoa River Shelf, New Zealand. Cont. Shelf Res. 2014, 86:52-65.
77. Harris, C.K., Traykovski, P., Geyer, W.R., 2005. Flood dispersal and deposition by near-bed gravitational sediment flows and oceanographic transport: a numerical modeling study of the Eel River shelf, northern California. J. Geophys. Res., 110(C09025): doi: . doi:10.1029/2004JC002727.
78. Hartnett H.E., Keil R.G., Hedges J.I., Devol A.H. Influence of oxygen exposure time on organic carbon preservation in continental margin sediments. Nature 1998, 391(6667):572-574.
79. Healey T. Muddy coasts of mid-latitude oceanic islands on an active plate margin - New Zealand. 2002, Muddy Coasts of the World-Processed, Deposits and Function, Elsevier, Chapter 14 2002, 347-374. T.R. Healey, Y. Wang, J.-A. Healey (Eds.).
80. Hedges J.I., Keil R.G. Sedimentary organic-matter preservation - an assessment and speculative synthesis. Mar. Chem. 1995, 49(2-3):81-115.
81. Herzer R.H. Late Quaternary stratigraphy and sedimentation of the Canterbury continental shelf, New Zealand. NZ Oceanogr. Inst. Mem. 1981, 89:71.
82. Hicks D.M., Gomez B., Trustrum N.A. Erosion thresholds and suspended sediment yields, Waipaoa River Basin, New Zealand. Water Res. 2000, 36(4):1129-1142.
83. Hicks D.M., Gomez B., Trustrum N.A. Event suspended sediment characteristics and the generation of hyperpycnal plumes at river mouths: East Coast Continental Margin, North Island, New Zealand. J. Geol. 2004, 112(4):471-485.
84. Hilton R.G., Galy A., Hovius N. Riverine particulate organic carbon from an active mountain belt: importance of landslides. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2008, 22(1).
85. Hilton R.G., Meunier P., Hovius N., Bellingham P.J., Galy A. Landslide impact on organic carbon cycling in a temperate montane forest. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2011, 36(12):1670-1679.
86. Hovius N., Galy A., Hilton R.G., Sparkes R., Smith J., Shuh-Ji K., Hongey C., In-Tian L., West A.J. Erosion-driven drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide: the organic pathway. Appl. Geochem. 2011, 26:S285-S287.
87. Irwin J. Lakes Tutira: Waikapiro: Orakai Bathymetry 1:5000. New Zealand. Oceanogr. Inst. Chart, Lake Series 1978.
88. James, D.E., DeVaughn, A.M., Marsaglia, K.M., 2007. Sand and gravel provenance in the Waipaoa River System: sedimentary recycling in an actively deforming forearc basin, North Island, New Zealand: Special Paper Geological Society of America v. 420, Sedimentary Provenance and Petrogenesis: Perspectives from Petrography and Geochemistry: J. Arribas et al., eds., pp. 253-276.
89. Jones K.E., Preston N.J. Spatial and temporal patterns of off-slope sediment delivery for small catchments subject to shallow landslides within the Waipaoa catchment, New Zealand. Geomorphology 2012, 141-142:150-159.
90. Kettner A.J., Syvitski J.P.M. HydroTrend v.3.0: a climate-driven hydrological transport model that simulates discharge and sediment load leaving a river system. Comput. Geosci. 2008, 34:1170-1183.
91. Kettner A.J., Gomez B., Syvitski P.M. Modeling suspended sediment discharge from the Waipaoa River system, New Zealand: the last 3000 years. Water Res. 2007, 43:1-15.
92. Kniskern T.A. Shelf sediment dispersal mechanisms and deposition on the Waiapu river shelf, New Zealand. School of Marine Science: The College of William and Mary 2007, Dissertation.
93. Kniskern T.A., Kuehl S.A., Harris C.K., Carter L. Sediment accumulation patterns and fine-scale strata formation on the Waiapu River shelf, New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270(1-4):188-201.
94. Kniskern T.A., Warrick J.A., Farnsworth K.L., Wheatcroft R.A., Goni M.A. Coherence of river and ocean conditions along the US West Coast during storms. Cont. Shelf Res. 2011, 31(7):789-805.
95. Kniskern T.A., Mitra S., Orpin A.R., Harris C.K., Walsh J.P., Corbett D.R. Characterization of a flood-associated deposit on the Waipaoa River shelf using radioisotopes and terrigenous organic matter abundance and composition. Cont. Shelf Res. 2014, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2014.04.012.
96. Kuehl, S.A., Carter, L., Gomez. B., Trustrum, N., 2003. Holistic approach offers potential to quantify mass fluxes across continental margins, AGU Eos, 84:379/388.
97. Kuehl S.A., Alexander C., Carter L., Gerald L., Gerber T., Harris C., McNinch J., Orpin A., Pratson L., Syvitski J., Walsh J.P. Understanding sediment transfer from land to ocean. AGU Eos Feature Article 2006, 87(No. 29):281/286.
98. Lal R. Soil erosion and the global carbon budget. Environ. Int. 2003, 29(4):437-450.
99. Lang A., Moya J., Corominas J., Schrott L., Dikau R. Classic and new dating methods for assessing the temporal occurrence of mass movements. Geomorphology 1999, 30(1-2):33-52.
100. Larsen I.J., Montgomery D.R. Landslide erosion coupled to tectonics and river incision. Nat. Geosci. 2012, 5(7):468-473.
101. Leithold E.L., Blair N.E., Childress L.B., Brulet B.R., Marden M., Orpin A.R., Kuehl S.A., Alexander C.R. Signals of watershed change preserved in organic carbon buried on the continental margin seaward of the Waipaoa River, New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2013, 346:355-365.
102. Lewis K.B. Erosion and deposition on a tilting continental shelf during Quaternary oscillations of sea level. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 1973, 16:281-301.
103. Lewis K.B. Quaternary sedimentation on the Hikurangi oblique-subduction and transform margin. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication 1980, Vol. 4.:171-189. P.F. Balance, H.G. Reading (Eds.).
104. Lewis K.B., Pettinga J.R. The emerging, imbricate frontal wedge of the Hikurangi Margin. South Pacific Sedimentary Basins: Sedimentary Basins of the World 1993, 225-250. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V, Amsterdam. P.F. Ballance (Ed.).
105. Lewis K.B., Collot J.-Y., Lallemand S.E. The Dammed Hikurangi Trough: A Channel-fed Trench Blocked by Subducting Seamounts and their Wake Avalanches (New Zealand-France GeodyNZ Project): Basin Research, 10, 441-468 1998.
106. Lewis K.B., Lallemand S.E., Carter L. Collapse in a Quaternary shelf basin off East Cape. New Zealand: evidence for passage of a subducted seamount inboard of the Ruatoria giant avalanche. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 2004, 47:415-429.
107. Litchfield N.J., Berryman K.R. Correlation of fluvial terraces within the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand: implications for climate and baselevel controls. Geomorphology 2005, 68(3-4):291-313.
108. Litchfield N., Berryman K. Relations between postglacial fluvial incision rates and uplift rates in the North Island, New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111(F2). 10.1029/2005JF000374.
109. Litchfield N., Ellis S., Berryman K., Nicol A. Insights into subduction-related uplift along the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand, using numerical modeling. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112(F2). 10.1029/2006JF000535.
110. Liu J.P., Milliman J.D., Gao S., Cheng P. Development of the Yellow River's subaqueous delta, North Yellow Sea. Mar. Geol. 2004, 209:45-67.
111. Lowe D.A. The geology and landslides of the Lake Tutira-Waikoau area, northern Central Hawke's Bay. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis 1987, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
112. Lowe D.J., Shane P.A.R., Alloway B.V., Newnham R.M. Fingerprints and age models for widespread New Zealand tephra marker beds erupted since 30,000 years ago: a framework for NZ-INTIMATE. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2008, 27(1-2):95-126.
113. Lowe D., Blaauw M., Hogg A.G., Newnham R.M. Ages of 24 widespread tephras erupted since 30,000 years ago in New Zealand, with re-evaluation of the timing and palaeoclimatic implications of the Late Glacial cool. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2013, 74:170-194.
114. Lyons W.B., Nezat C.A., Carey A.E., Hicks D.M. Organic carbon fluxes to the ocean from high-standing islands. Geology 2002, 30(5):443-446.
115. Ma Y. Continental shelf sediment transport and depositional processes on an energetic, active margin: the Waiapu River shelf, New Zealand 2009, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Ph.D. dissertation. (216 pp.).
116. Ma Y., Harris C.K., Friedrichs C.T., Harris C.K., Wright L.D. Deposition by seasonal wave- and current-supported sediment gravity flows interacting with spatially varying bathymetry: Waiapu shelf, New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2010, 275:199-211.
117. Mackey B.H., Roering J.J. Sediment yield, spatial characteristics, and the long-term evolution of active earthflows determined from airborne LiDAR and historical aerial photographs, Eel River, California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 2011, 123(7-8):1560-1576.
118. Mackey B.H., Roering J.J., McKean J.A. Long-term kinematics and sediment flux of an active earthflow, Eel River, California. Geology 2009, 37(9):803-806.
119. Macquaker, J.H.S., Bentley, S. J., Bohacs, K.M., 2010. Wave-enhanced sediment-gravity flows and mud dispersal across continental shelves: reappraising sediment transport processes operation gin ancient mudstone successions. Geology, 38 (10), 947-950. do:. doi:10.1130/G31093.1.
120. Marden M., Rowan D. Protective value of vegetation on tertiary terrain before and during Cyclone Bola, East Coast, North Island, New Zealand. N. Z. J. For. Sci. 1993, 23:255-263.
121. Marden M., Arnold G., Gomez B., Rowan D. Pre- and post-reforestation gully development in Mangatu Forest, East Coast, North Island, New Zealand. River Res. Appl. 2005, 21(7):757-771.
122. Marden M., Mazengarb C., Palmer A., Berryman K., Rowan D. Last glacial aggradation and postglacial sediment production from the non-glacial Waipaoa and Waimata catchments, Hikurangi Margin, North Island, New Zealand. Geomorphology 2008, 99(1-4):404-419.
123. Marden M., Betts H., Arnold G. Gully erosion and sediment load: Waipaoa, Waiapu and Uawa rivers, eastern North Island, New Zealand, IAHS-AISH Publ., (December), 2008 2008.
124. Marden M., Arnold G., Seymour A., Hambling R. History and distribution of steepland gullies in response to land use change, East Coast Region, North Island, New Zealand. Geomorphology 2012, 153:81-90.
125. Marden M., Betts H., Palmer A., Taylor R., Bilderback E., Litchfield N. Post-Last Glacial Maximum fluvial incision and sediment generation in the unglaciated Waipaoa catchment, North Island, New Zealand. Geomorphology 2014, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.02.012.
126. MARGINS NSF MARGINS Program Science Plans 2004. Margins Office, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory 2004, (170 pp.). http://www.nsf-margins.org/Publications/SciencePlans/MARGINS_SciencePlans2004.pdf.
127. Marr J.P., Carter L., Bostock H.C., Smith E., Bolton A. Southwest Pacific Ocean response to a warming world: using Mg/Ca, Zn/Ca and Mn/Ca in foraminifera to track surface ocean water masses during the last deglaciation. Paleoceanography 2013, 28:1-16.
128. Marsaglia K.M., DeVaughn A.M., James D.E., Marden M. Provenance of fluvial terrace sediments within the Waipaoa sedimentary system and their importance to New Zealand source-to-sink studies. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270:84-93.
129. Mazengarb C., Speden I.G. Geology of the Raukumara Area, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences 1: 250,000 geological map 6 2000, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
130. McGlone M. A late Quaternary pollen record from marine core P69, southeastern North Island, New Zealand. NZ J. Geol. Geophys. 2001, 44:69-77.
131. McGlone M.S., Wilmshurst J.M. Dating initial Maori environmental impacts in New Zealand. Quat. Int. 1999, l(59):5-16.
132. Meyers P.A. Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic, paleolimnologic, and paleoclimatic processes. Org. Geochem. 1997, 27(5-6):213-250.
133. Mildenhall D.C., Orpin A.R. Terrestrial palynology from marine cores as an indicator of environmental change for the Waipaoa Sedimentary System and north-eastern New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270(1-4):227-234.
134. Miller A.J., Kuehl S.A. Shelf sedimentation on a tectonically active margin: a modern sediment budget for Poverty continental shelf, New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270(1):175-187.
135. Milliman J.D., Syvitski J.P.M. Geomorphic tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean - the importance of small mountainous rivers. J. Geol. 1992, 100(5):525-544.
136. Moriarty J.M., Harris C.K., Hadfield M.G. A hydrodynamic and sediment transport model for the Waipaoa Shelf, New Zealand: sensitivity of fluxes to spatially-varying erodibility and model nesting. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2014, 2(2):336-369.
137. Moriarty J.M., Harris C.K., Hadfield M.G. Event-to-seasonal sediment dispersal on the Waipaoa River shelf, New Zealand: a numerical modeling study. Cont. Shelf Res. 2015, 10.1016/j.csr.2015.10.005.
138. Mortimer N. Origin of the Torlesse Terrane and coeval rocks, North island, New Zealand. Int. Geol. Rev. 1994, 7:891-910.
139. Mountjoy J.J., Micallef A. Polyphase Emplacement of a 30 km(3) Blocky Debris Avalanche and Its Role in Slope-Gully Development. Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences 2012, 31:213-222.
140. Nelson C.S., Hendy I.L., Neil H.L., Hendy C.H., Weaver P.P.E. Late glacial jetting of cold waters through the Subtropical Convergence zone in the Southwest Pacific off eastern New Zealand, and some geological implications. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2000, 156:103-121.
141. Newnham R., McGlone M., Moar N., Wilmshurst J., Vandergoes M. The vegetation cover of New Zealand at the Last Glacial Maximum. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2013, 74(0):202-214.
142. O'Byrne T.N. A correlation of rock types with soils, topography and erosion in the Gisborne-East Cape region. NZ J. Geol. Geophys. 1967, 10:217-231.
143. Ogston A.S., Cacchione D.A., Sternberg R.W., Kineke G.C. Observations of storm and river flood-driven sediment transport on the northern California continental shelf. Cont. Shelf Res. 2000, 20(16):2141-2162.
144. Orpin A.R. Holocene sediment deposition on the Poverty-slope margin by the muddy Waipaoa River, East Coast New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2004, 209:69-90.
145. Orpin A.R., Alexander C., Carter L., Kuehl S., Walsh J.P. Temporal and spatial complexity in post-glacial sedimentation on the tectonically active, Poverty Bay continental margin of New Zealand. Cont. Shelf Res. 2006, 26:2205-2224.
146. Orpin A.R., Carter L., Page M.J., Cochran U.A., Trustrum N.A., Gomez B., Palmer A.S., Mildenhall D.C., Rogers K.M., Brackley H.L., Northcote L. Holocene sedimentary record from Lake Tutira: a template for upland watershed erosion proximal to the Waipaoa Sedimentary System, northeastern New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270:11-29.
147. Page M., Lukovic B. An Inventory of Deep-seated Landslides in the Waipaoa and Waimata Catchments 2011, Lower Hutt.
148. Page M.J., Trustrum N.A. A late Holocene lake sediment record of the erosional response to land use change in a steepland catchment, New Zealand. Z. Geomorphol. N.F. 1997, 413:369-392.
149. Page M.J., Trustrum N.A., De Rose R.C. A high resolution record of storm-induced erosion from lake sediments, New Zealand. J. Paleolimnol. 1994, 11:333-348.
150. Page M.J., Trustrum N.A., Dymond J.R. Sediment budget to assess the geomorphic effect of a cyclonic storm, New Zealand. Geomorphology 1994, 9:169-188.
151. Page M.J., Reid L.M., Lynn I.H. Sediment production from Cyclone Bola landslides, Waipaoa catchment. J. Hydrol. 1999, 38:289-308.
152. Page M.J., Trustrum N.A., Brackley H.L., Baisden W.T. Erosion-related soil carbon fluxes in a pastoral steepland catchment, New Zealand. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2004, 103(3):561-579.
153. Page M., Marden M., Kasai M., Gomez B., Peacock D., Betts H., Parkner T., Marutani T., Trustrum N. Changes in basin-scale sediment supply and transfer in a rapidly transformed New Zealand landscape. Earth Surf. Processes 2008, 337-358. H. Habersack, H. Piegay, M. Rinaldi (Eds.).
154. Page M.J., Trustrum N., Orpin A.R., Carter L., Gomez B., Cochran U.A., Mildenhall D.C., Rogers K.M., Brackley H.L., Palmer A.S., Northcote L. Storm frequency and magnitude in response to Holocene climate variability, Lake Tutira, North-Eastern New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270:30-34.
155. Pahnke, K., Sachs, J.P., 2006. Sea surface temperatures of southern midlatitudes 0-160 kyr BP. Paleoceanography. 21, PA2003, doi:, 2006. doi:10.1029/2005PA001191.
156. Parra J.G., Marsaglia K.M., Rivera K.S., Dawson S.T., Walsh J.P. Provenance of sand on the Poverty Bay shelf, the link between source and sink sectors of the Waipaoa River sedimentary system. Sediment. Geol. 2012, 280:208-233.
157. Pearce A.J., Black R.D., Nelson C.S. Lithologic and weathering influences on slope form and process, eastern Raukumara Range, New Zealand. Int. Assoc. Hydrol. Sci. Publ. 1981, 132:95-122.
158. Pedley K.L., Barnes P.M., Pettinga J.R., Lewis K.B. Seafloor structural geomorphic evolution of the accretionary frontal wedge in response to seamount subduction, Poverty Indentation, New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270(1-4):119-138.
159. Pere V.H. Formation and consequences of the Totangi landslide dam in the Ngatapa Valley, Gisborne, New Zealand 2003, 180. M.Sc. thesis, Canterbury University, Christchurch, New Zealand.
160. Petsch S.T., Berner R.A., Eglinton T.I. A field study of the chemical weathering of ancient sedimentary organic matter. Org. Geochem. 2000, 31(5):475-487.
161. Phillips J.D., Gomez B. Controls on sediment export from the Waipaoa River basin, New Zealand. Basin Res. 2007, 19:241-252.
162. Phillips J.D., Marden M., Gomez B. Residence time of alluvium in an aggrading fluvial system. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2007, 32(2):307-316.
163. Pierce L.E.R. Poverty Shelf, New Zealand from the Holocene to present: stratigraphic development and event layer preservation in response to sediment supply, tectonics and climate 2012, College of William and Mary, Ph.D. Dissertation. (274 pp.).
164. Pouderoux H., Lamarche G., Proust J.N. Building an 18 000-year-long paleo-earthquake record from detailed deep-sea turbidite characterisation in Poverty Bay, New Zealand. Nat. Hazard Earth Syst. 2012, 12(6):2077-2101.
165. Pouderoux H., Proust J.N., Lamarche G., Orpin A., Neil H. Postglacial (after 18 ka) deep-sea sedimentation along the Hikurangi subduction margin (New Zealand): characterisation, timing and origin of turbidites. Mar. Geol. 2012, 295:51-76.
166. Pouderoux H., Proust J.-N., Lamarche G. Submarine paleoseismology of the northern Hikurangi subduction margin of New Zealand as deduced from Turbidite record since 16 ka. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2014, 84:116-131.
167. Preston N.J. Off-slope sediment delivery from landsliding during a storm, Muriwai Hills, North Island, New Zealand. Sediment Dynamics in Changing Environments 2008, 325:237-241. IAHS Publication. J. Schmidt, T. Cochrane, C. Phillips, D.,.T. Elliott, L. Basher (Eds.).
168. Preston N., Crozier M. Resistance to shallow landslide failure through root-derived cohesion in east coast hill country soils, North Island, New Zealand. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 1999, 675:665-675.
169. Pullar W.A. Soils and Agriculture of the Gisborne Plains. Bull. 20 1962, 92. N.Z. Soil Bureau, Wellington.
170. Rait G., Chanier F., Waters D.W. Landward- and seaward-directed thrusting accompanying the onset of subduction beneath New Zealand. Geology 1991, 19(3):230-233.
171. Reid C. Waipaoa River at Kanakanaia: a review of flood data. Unpublished report to the Gisborne District Council, New Zealand, 52 1999.
172. Reid L.M., Page M.J. Magnitude and frequency of landsliding in a large New Zealand catchment. Geomorphology 2002, 49:71-88.
173. 10Be to track fluvial sand through the Waipaoa River basin New Zealand. Geology 2010, 38:47-50.
174. Rose L.E., Kuehl S.A. Recent sedimentation patterns and facies distribution on the Poverty Shelf, New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270:160-174.
175. Schneider J.-L., Le Ruyet A., Chanier F., Buret C., Ferriere J.-N., Rosseel J.-B. Primary or secondary distal volcaniclastic turbidites: how to make the distinction? An example from the Miocene of New Zealand (Mahia Peninsula, North Island). Sediment. Geol. 2001, 145:1-22.
176. Scott D.T., Baisden W.T., Davies-Colley R., Gomez B., Hicks D.M., Page M.J., Preston N.J., Trustrum N.A., Tate K.R., Woods R.A. Localized erosion affects national carbon budget. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33(1).
177. Scully M.E., Friedrichs C.T., Wright L.D. Application of an analytical model of critically stratified gravity-driven sediment transport and deposition to observations from the Eel River continental shelf, northern California. Cont. Shelf Res. 2002, 22(14):1951-1974.
178. Smith R.K. Poverty Bay, New Zealand: a case of coastal accretion. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 1988, 22(1):135-142.
179. Smith V., Shane P., Nairn I. Trends in rhyolite geochemistry, mineralogy, and magma storage during the last 50 kyr at Okataina and Taupo volcanic centres, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2005, 148:372-406.
180. Sparling G., Ross D., Trustrum N., Arnold G., West A., Speir T., Schipper L. Recovery of topsoil characteristics after landslip erosion in dry hill country of New Zealand, and a test of the space-for-time hypothesis. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2003, 35(12):1575-1586.
181. Stanford J.D., Rohling E.J., Hunter S.E., Roberts A.P., Rasmussen S.O., Bard E., McManus J., Fairbanks R.G. Timing of meltwater pulse 1a and climate responses to meltwater injections. Paleoceanography 2006, 21. 10.1029/2006PA00134.
182. Stephens S.A., Bell R.G., Black K.P. Complex circulation in a coastal embayment: shelf-current, wind, and density-driven circulation in Poverty Bay, New Zealand. J. Coast. Res. 2001, 34(Special Issue):45-59.
183. Suggate R.P. Late Pliocene and Quaternary Glaciations of New Zealand. Quat. Sci. Rev. 1990, 9:175-197.
184. Sumner B.W. Sedimentation and Morphology on the Outer Shelf/Upper Slope Transition, Waipaoa River Margin, New Zealand 2007, M.S. Thesis, East Carolina University, (129 pp.).
185. Sutherland R., Stagpole V., Uruski C., Kennedy C., Bassett D., Henrys S., Schwerwath M., Kopp H., Field B., Goumlin S., Barker C., Bannister S., Davey F., Stern T., Flueh E. Reactivation of tectonics, crustal underplating, and uplift after 60 Myr of passive subsidence, Raukumara Basin, Hikurangi-Kermadec fore arc, New Zealand: implications for global growth and recycling of continents. Tectonics 2009, 28. 10.1029/2008TC002356.
186. Syvitski J.P.M., Kettner A. Sediment flux and the Anthropocene. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 2011, 369(1938):957-975.
187. Syvitski J.P.M., Vorosmarty C.J., Kettner A.J., Green P. Impact of humans on the flux of terrestrial sediment to the global coastal ocean. Science 2005, 308(5720):376-380.
188. Taylor R.J. Catchment Sediment Dynamics and the Role of Deep-seated Landslide-dams; Waipaoa catchment, Raukumara Peninsula, New Zealand. Unpublished MSc Thesis 2011, Victoria University of Wellington, pp. 223.
189. Thompson C.E. Tracking Organic Matter from Source to Sink in the Waiapu River Watershed, New Zealand: A Geochemical Perspective, North Carolina State University 2009, Ph.D. Dissertation. (356 pp.).
190. Tolman H.L., Balasubramaniyan B., Burroughs L.D., Chalikov D.V., Chao Y.Y., Chen H.S., Gerald V.M. Development and implementation of wind-generated ocean surface wave modelsat NCEP*. Weather Forecast. 2002, 17:311-333.
191. Traykovski P., Geyer W.R., Irish J.D., Lynch J.F. The role of wave-induced density-driven fluid mud flows for cross-shelf transport on the Eel River continental shelf. Cont. Shelf Res. 2000, 20(16):2113-2140.
192. Traykovski P., Wiberg P.L., Geyer W.R. Observations and modeling of wave-supported sediment gravity flows on the Po prodelta and comparison to prior observations from the Eel shelf. Cont. Shelf Res. 2007, 27(3):375-399.
193. Trustrum N.A., DeRose R.C. Soil depth-age relationship of landslides on deforested hillslopes, Taranaki, New Zealand. Geomorphology 1988, 1:143-160.
194. Trustrum N.A., Page M.J. The long-term erosion history of Lake Tutira watershed: implications for sustainable land use management. Proceedings of International Conference on Sustainable Land Management. Napier, New Zealand 1992, 212-215.
195. Trustrum N.A., Gomez B., Reid L.M., Page M.J., Hicks D.M. Sediment production, storage and output: the relative role of large magnitude events in steepland catchments. Z. Geomorphol. Suppl.bd 1999, 115:71-86.
196. Upton P., Kettner A.J., Gomez B., Orpin A.R., Litchfield N., Page M.J. Simulating post-LGM riverine fluxes to the coastal zone, The Waipaoa River System, New Zealand. Comput. Geosci. 2013, 53:48-57.
197. Wadman H.M., McNinch J.E. Stratigraphic spatial variation on the inner shelf of a high-yield river, Waiapu River, New Zealand: implications for fine-sediment dispersal and preservation. Cont. Shelf Res. 2008, 28(7):865-886.
198. Wallace L.M., Beavan J. Diverse slow slip behavior at the Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115(B12402). 10.1029/2010JB007717.
199. Wallace L.M., Beavan J., McCaffrey R., Darby D. Subduction zone coupling and tectonic block rotation in the North Island, New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109. 10.1029/2004JB003241.
200. Walsh J.P., Alexander C.R., Gerber T., Orpin A.R., Sumners B.W. Demise of a submarine canyon? Evidence for highstand infilling on the Waipaoa River continental margin, New Zealand. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34. 10.1029/2007gl031142.
201. Walsh J.P., Corbett D.R., Kiker J., Orpin A., Hale R., Ogston A. Spatial and temporal variability in sediment deposition and seabed character on the Waipaoa River margin, New Zealand. Cont. Shelf Res. 2014, 86:85-102.
202. Weaver P.P.E., Carter L., Neil H. Response of surface water masses and circulation to late Quaternary climate change, east of New Zealand. Paleoceanography 1998, 13:70-83.
203. West A.J., Lin C.W., Lin T.C., Hilton R.G., Liu S.H., Chang C.T., Lin K.C., Galy A., Sparkes R.B., Hovius N. Mobilization and transport of coarse woody debris to the oceans triggered by an extreme tropical storm. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2011, 56(1):77-85.
204. Wheatcroft R.A. Oceanic flood sedimentation: a new perspective. Cont. Shelf Res. 2000, 20(16):2059-2066.
205. Wilmshurst J.M. The impact of human settlement on vegetation and soil stability in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Bot. 1997, 35:97-111.
206. Wilmshurst J.M., McGlone M.S. Forest disturbance in the central North Island, New Zealand following the 1850 BP Taupo eruption. The Holocene 1996, 6:399-411.
207. Wilmshurst J.M., McGlone M.S., Partridge T.R. A late Holocene history of natural disturbance in lowland podocarp/hardwood forest, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Bot. 1997, 35:79-96.
208. Wilmshurst J.M., Eden D.N., Froggatt P.C. Late Holocene forest disturbance in Gisborne, New Zealand: a comparison of terrestrial and marine pollen records. N. Z. J. Bot. 1999, 37(3):523-540.
209. Wilmshurst J.M., McGlone M.S., Leathwick J.R., Newnham R.M. A pre-deforestation pollen-climate calibration model for New Zealand and quantitative temperature reconstructions for the past 18 000 years BP. J. Quat. Sci. 2007, 22(5):535-547.
210. Wilmshurst, J.M., Anderson, A.J., Higham, T.F.G, Worthy, T.H., 2008. Dating the late prehistoric dispersal of Polynesians to New Zealand using the commensal Pacific rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, doi/. doi:10.1073/pnas.0801507105.
211. Wilson K., Berryman K., Cochran U., Little T. Holocene coastal evolution and uplift mechanisms of the northeastern Raukumara Peninsula, North Island, New Zealand. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2007, 26:1106-1128.
212. Wolinsky M.A., Swenson J.B., Litchfield N., McNinch J.E. Coastal progradation and sediment partitioning in the Holocene Waipaoa Sedimentary System, New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 2010, 270:94-107.
213. Wood M.P. Sedimentation on a high input continental shelf at the active Hikurangi Margin, Poverty Bay, New Zealand. Unpublished MSc thesis 200pp 2006, Lodged Library, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
214. Wright L.D., Friedrichs C.T. Gravity-driven sediment transport on continental shelves: a status report. Cont. Shelf Res. 2006, 26(17):2092-2107.
215. Young A.P., Ashford S.A. Application of airborne LIDAR for seacliff volumetric change and beach-sediment budget contributions. J. Coast. Res. 2006, 22:307-318.
216. Zhang X., Phillips C., Marden M. Internal deformation of a fast-moving earthflow, Raukumara Peninsula, New Zealand. Geomorphology 1991, 4(2):145-154.