메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 63, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 136-151

Foot-and-mouth Disease Transmission in Africa: Implications for Control, a Review

Author keywords

Africa; Animal husbandry; Foot and mouth disease; Serotype; Topotype; Transmission; Wildlife

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; ANIMAL; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; BUFFALO; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS; FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE; GENETICS; TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT; TRANSMISSION; WILD ANIMAL;

EID: 84959497688     PISSN: 18651674     EISSN: 18651682     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12248     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (67)

References (106)
  • 2
    • 0036942180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional status and approaches to control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease in the Middle East and North Africa
    • Aidaros, H. A., 2002: Regional status and approaches to control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease in the Middle East and North Africa. Rev. Sci. Tech. 21, 451-458.
    • (2002) Rev. Sci. Tech. , vol.21 , pp. 451-458
    • Aidaros, H.A.1
  • 3
    • 84959484177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Livestock marketing in Kenya and Ethiopia: a review of policies and practice. Pastoral Areas Coordination, Analysis and Policy Support (PACAPS)
    • Project of the Feinstein International Centre, Tufts University, funded by USAID East Africa, Addis Ababa.
    • Aklilu, Y., 2008: Livestock marketing in Kenya and Ethiopia: a review of policies and practice. Pastoral Areas Coordination, Analysis and Policy Support (PACAPS). Project of the Feinstein International Centre, Tufts University, funded by USAID East Africa, Addis Ababa.
    • (2008)
    • Aklilu, Y.1
  • 4
    • 10644237088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot-and-mouth disease: host range and pathogenesis
    • Alexandersen, S., and N. Mowat, 2005: Foot-and-mouth disease: host range and pathogenesis. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 288, 9-42.
    • (2005) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.288 , pp. 9-42
    • Alexandersen, S.1    Mowat, N.2
  • 5
    • 0042036880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of quantitative parameters of virus excretion and transmission in pigs and cattle experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus
    • Alexandersen, S., M. Quan, C. Murphy, J. Knight, and Z. Zhang, 2003: Studies of quantitative parameters of virus excretion and transmission in pigs and cattle experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus. J. Comp. Pathol. 129, 268-282.
    • (2003) J. Comp. Pathol. , vol.129 , pp. 268-282
    • Alexandersen, S.1    Quan, M.2    Murphy, C.3    Knight, J.4    Zhang, Z.5
  • 7
    • 0027738689 scopus 로고
    • The role of wild animals, other than buffalo, in the current epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Zimbabwe
    • Anderson, E. C., C. Foggin, M. Atkinson, K. J. Sorensen, R. L. Madekurozva, and J. Nqindi, 1993: The role of wild animals, other than buffalo, in the current epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Zimbabwe. Epidemiol. Infect. 111, 559-564.
    • (1993) Epidemiol. Infect. , vol.111 , pp. 559-564
    • Anderson, E.C.1    Foggin, C.2    Atkinson, M.3    Sorensen, K.J.4    Madekurozva, R.L.5    Nqindi, J.6
  • 11
    • 77956264952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity and transboundary mobility of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus in East Africa: implications for vaccination policies
    • Balinda, S. N., A. K. Sangula, R. Heller, V. B. Muwanika, G. J. Belsham, C. Masembe, and H. R. Siegismund, 2010: Diversity and transboundary mobility of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus in East Africa: implications for vaccination policies. Infect. Genet. Evol. 10, 1058-1065.
    • (2010) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.10 , pp. 1058-1065
    • Balinda, S.N.1    Sangula, A.K.2    Heller, R.3    Muwanika, V.B.4    Belsham, G.J.5    Masembe, C.6    Siegismund, H.R.7
  • 12
    • 0001988196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic distribution of SAT-type Foot-and-mouth disease virus genotypes in Africa. Proceedings of the Southern African Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and preventive Medicine
    • Onderstepoort, South Africa.
    • Bastos, A. D. S., and O. Sangaré, 2001: Geographic distribution of SAT-type Foot-and-mouth disease virus genotypes in Africa. Proceedings of the Southern African Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and preventive Medicine, pp. 20-26. Onderstepoort, South Africa.
    • (2001) , pp. 20-26
    • Bastos, A.D.S.1    Sangaré, O.2
  • 14
    • 0033869490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus between African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and impala (Aepyceros melampus) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
    • Bastos, A. D. S., C. I. Boshoff, D. F. Keet, R. G. Bengis, and G. R. Thomson, 2000: Natural transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus between African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and impala (Aepyceros melampus) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Epidemiol. Infect. 124, 591-598.
    • (2000) Epidemiol. Infect. , vol.124 , pp. 591-598
    • Bastos, A.D.S.1    Boshoff, C.I.2    Keet, D.F.3    Bengis, R.G.4    Thomson, G.R.5
  • 17
    • 0037639110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The implications of virus diversity within the SAT 2 serotype for control of foot-and-mouth disease in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Bastos, A. D. S., D. T. Haydon, O. Sangaré, C. I. Boshoff, J. L. Edrich, and G. R. Thomson, 2003b: The implications of virus diversity within the SAT 2 serotype for control of foot-and-mouth disease in sub-Saharan Africa. J. Gen. Virol. 84, 1595-1606.
    • (2003) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.84 , pp. 1595-1606
    • Bastos, A.D.S.1    Haydon, D.T.2    Sangaré, O.3    Boshoff, C.I.4    Edrich, J.L.5    Thomson, G.R.6
  • 18
    • 19944376239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome organization, translation and replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA
    • Sobrino, F., and E. Domingo (eds), Horizon Bioscience, Norfolk, England.
    • Belsham, G. J., 2004: Genome organization, translation and replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA. In: Sobrino, F., and E. Domingo (eds), Foot and Mouth Disease Current Perspectives, p. 457. Horizon Bioscience, Norfolk, England.
    • (2004) Foot and Mouth Disease Current Perspectives , pp. 457
    • Belsham, G.J.1
  • 19
    • 10644274416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translation and replication of FMDV RNA
    • Belsham, G., 2005: Translation and replication of FMDV RNA. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 288, 43-70.
    • (2005) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.288 , pp. 43-70
    • Belsham, G.1
  • 21
    • 2442667509 scopus 로고
    • Wildlife disease in South Africa: a review
    • Bengis, R. G., and J. M. Erasmus, 1988: Wildlife disease in South Africa: a review. Rev. Sci. Tech. 7, 807-821.
    • (1988) Rev. Sci. Tech. , vol.7 , pp. 807-821
    • Bengis, R.G.1    Erasmus, J.M.2
  • 22
    • 0012552742 scopus 로고
    • The role of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in the Kruger National Park
    • Proceedings of the 13th World Congress of Diseases in Cattle, World Buiatrics Association. World Congress of Diseases in Cattle -
    • Bengis, R. G., R. S. Hedger, V. de Vos, and L. Hurter, 1984: The role of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in the Kruger National Park. In: Proceedings of the 13th World Congress of Diseases in Cattle, World Buiatrics Association. World Congress of Diseases in Cattle, pp. 39-44.
    • (1984) , pp. 39-44
    • Bengis, R.G.1    Hedger, R.S.2    de Vos, V.3    Hurter, L.4
  • 23
  • 25
    • 47049087603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serological survey for foot-and-mouth disease virus in wildlife in Eastern Africa and estimation of test parameters of a nonstructural protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for buffalo
    • Bronsvoort, B. M. D. C., S. Parida, I. Handel, S. McFarland, L. Fleming, P. Hamblin, and R. Kock, 2008: Serological survey for foot-and-mouth disease virus in wildlife in Eastern Africa and estimation of test parameters of a nonstructural protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for buffalo. CVI 15, 1003-1011.
    • (2008) CVI , vol.15 , pp. 1003-1011
    • Bronsvoort, B.M.D.C.1    Parida, S.2    Handel, I.3    McFarland, S.4    Fleming, L.5    Hamblin, P.6    Kock, R.7
  • 26
    • 0014447571 scopus 로고
    • Foot-and-mouth disease in wildlife in Rhodesia and other African territories: a serological survey
    • Condy, J. B., K. A. J. Herniman, and R. S. Hedger, 1969: Foot-and-mouth disease in wildlife in Rhodesia and other African territories: a serological survey. J. Comp. Pathol. 79, 27-31.
    • (1969) J. Comp. Pathol. , vol.79 , pp. 27-31
    • Condy, J.B.1    Herniman, K.A.J.2    Hedger, R.S.3
  • 27
    • 0022383052 scopus 로고
    • The duration of the foot-and-mouth disease virus carrier state in African buffalo (i) in the individual animal and (ii) in a free-living herd
    • Condy, J. B., R. S. Hedger, C. Hamblin, and I. T. R. Barnett, 1985: The duration of the foot-and-mouth disease virus carrier state in African buffalo (i) in the individual animal and (ii) in a free-living herd. Comp. Immunol. Microb. Infect. Dis 8, 259-265.
    • (1985) Comp. Immunol. Microb. Infect. Dis , vol.8 , pp. 259-265
    • Condy, J.B.1    Hedger, R.S.2    Hamblin, C.3    Barnett, I.T.R.4
  • 28
    • 0028764964 scopus 로고
    • Natural transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to cattle in a wildlife area of Zimbabwe
    • Dawe, P. S., and F. O. Flanagan, 1994: Natural transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to cattle in a wildlife area of Zimbabwe. Vet. Rec. 134, 230-232.
    • (1994) Vet. Rec. , vol.134 , pp. 230-232
    • Dawe, P.S.1    Flanagan, F.O.2
  • 29
    • 0028780635 scopus 로고
    • Experimental transmission of foot-and-mouth-disease virus from carrier African buffalo (Syncerus Caffer) to cattle in Zimbabwe
    • Dawe, P. S., K. Sorensen, N. P. Ferris, I. T. R. Barnett, R. M. Armstrong, and N. J. Knowles, 1994: Experimental transmission of foot-and-mouth-disease virus from carrier African buffalo (Syncerus Caffer) to cattle in Zimbabwe. Vet. Rec. 134, 211-215.
    • (1994) Vet. Rec. , vol.134 , pp. 211-215
    • Dawe, P.S.1    Sorensen, K.2    Ferris, N.P.3    Barnett, I.T.R.4    Armstrong, R.M.5    Knowles, N.J.6
  • 30
    • 79960264040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining livestock trade patterns with phylogenetics to help understand the spread of foot and mouth disease in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia
    • Di Nardo, A., N. J. Knowles, and D. J. Paton, 2011: Combining livestock trade patterns with phylogenetics to help understand the spread of foot and mouth disease in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Rev. Sci. Tech. 30, 63-85.
    • (2011) Rev. Sci. Tech. , vol.30 , pp. 63-85
    • Di Nardo, A.1    Knowles, N.J.2    Paton, D.J.3
  • 35
    • 84959486791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and agricultural organization statistical database
    • FAOSTAT.fao.org (accessed February 20, 2011).
    • FAOSTAT.fao.org. Food and agricultural organization statistical database. Available at FAOSTAT.fao.org (accessed February 20, 2011).
  • 37
    • 0016760608 scopus 로고
    • Foot-and-mouth disease in British deer: transmission of virus to cattle, sheep and deer
    • Gibbs, E. P. J., K. A. J. Herniman, M. J. P. Lawman, and R. F. Sellers, 1975: Foot-and-mouth disease in British deer: transmission of virus to cattle, sheep and deer. Vet. Rec. 96, 558-563.
    • (1975) Vet. Rec. , vol.96 , pp. 558-563
    • Gibbs, E.P.J.1    Herniman, K.A.J.2    Lawman, M.J.P.3    Sellers, R.F.4
  • 38
    • 84887171422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing geographical movements and host species transitions of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT 2
    • Hall, M. D., N. J. Knowles, J. Wadsworth, A. Rambaut, and M. E. J. Woolhouse, 2013: Reconstructing geographical movements and host species transitions of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT 2. mBio 4, 1-10.
    • (2013) mBio , vol.4 , pp. 1-10
    • Hall, M.D.1    Knowles, N.J.2    Wadsworth, J.3    Rambaut, A.4    Woolhouse, M.E.J.5
  • 39
    • 18244384757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation into the source and spread of foot and mouth disease virus from a wildlife conservancy in Zimbabwe
    • Hargreaves, S. K., C. M. Foggin, E. C. Anderson, A. D. Bastos, G. R. Thomson, N. P. Ferris, and N. J. Knowles, 2004: An investigation into the source and spread of foot and mouth disease virus from a wildlife conservancy in Zimbabwe. Rev. Sci. Tech. 23, 783-790.
    • (2004) Rev. Sci. Tech. , vol.23 , pp. 783-790
    • Hargreaves, S.K.1    Foggin, C.M.2    Anderson, E.C.3    Bastos, A.D.4    Thomson, G.R.5    Ferris, N.P.6    Knowles, N.J.7
  • 41
    • 0015409940 scopus 로고
    • Infection of some species of African wild life with foot-and-mouth disease virus
    • Hedger, R. S., J. B. Condy, and S. M. Golding, 1972: Infection of some species of African wild life with foot-and-mouth disease virus. J. Comp. Pathol. 82, 455-461.
    • (1972) J. Comp. Pathol. , vol.82 , pp. 455-461
    • Hedger, R.S.1    Condy, J.B.2    Golding, S.M.3
  • 43
    • 77952164580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A qualitative risk assessment of factors contributing to foot and mouth disease outbreaks in cattle along the western boundary of the Kruger National Park
    • Jori, F., W. Vosloo, B. Du Plessis, R. G. Bengis, D. Brahmbhatt, B. Gummow, and G. R. Thomson, 2009: A qualitative risk assessment of factors contributing to foot and mouth disease outbreaks in cattle along the western boundary of the Kruger National Park. Rev. Sci. Tech. 28, 917-931.
    • (2009) Rev. Sci. Tech. , vol.28 , pp. 917-931
    • Jori, F.1    Vosloo, W.2    Du Plessis, B.3    Bengis, R.G.4    Brahmbhatt, D.5    Gummow, B.6    Thomson, G.R.7
  • 44
    • 26944481616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary investigation of tuberculosis and other diseases in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda
    • Kalema-Zikusoka, G., R. G. Bengis, A. L. Michel, and M. H. Woodford, 2005: A preliminary investigation of tuberculosis and other diseases in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 72, 145-151.
    • (2005) Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. , vol.72 , pp. 145-151
    • Kalema-Zikusoka, G.1    Bengis, R.G.2    Michel, A.L.3    Woodford, M.H.4
  • 46
    • 14044261743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of foot-and-mouth disease with special consideration for the clinical and epidemiological factors relevant to predictive modelling of the disease
    • Kitching, R. P., A. M. Hutber, and M. V. Thrusfield, 2005: A review of foot-and-mouth disease with special consideration for the clinical and epidemiological factors relevant to predictive modelling of the disease. Vet. J. 169, 197-209.
    • (2005) Vet. J. , vol.169 , pp. 197-209
    • Kitching, R.P.1    Hutber, A.M.2    Thrusfield, M.V.3
  • 47
    • 84959468477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot-and-mouth disease - middle east: Egypt, Libya, Palestinian authority, genotyping. Promed, 2012507.1125683. Available at(accessed August 28, 2012).
    • Knowles, N. J., 2012: Foot-and-mouth disease - middle east: Egypt, Libya, Palestinian authority, genotyping. Promed, 2012507.1125683. Available at www.geostrategicforecasting.com/proahedr-foot-mouth-disease-7/ (accessed August 28, 2012).
    • (2012)
    • Knowles, N.J.1
  • 48
    • 0037235302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus
    • Knowles, N. J., and A. R. Samuel, 2003: Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Virus Res. 91, 65-80.
    • (2003) Virus Res. , vol.91 , pp. 65-80
    • Knowles, N.J.1    Samuel, A.R.2
  • 51
    • 70249148319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for foot and mouth disease seroprevalence in indigenous cattle in Southern Ethiopia: the effect of production system
    • Megersa, B., B. Beyene, F. Abunna, A. Regassa, K. Amenu, and T. Rufael, 2009: Risk factors for foot and mouth disease seroprevalence in indigenous cattle in Southern Ethiopia: the effect of production system. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 41, 891-898.
    • (2009) Trop. Anim. Health Prod. , vol.41 , pp. 891-898
    • Megersa, B.1    Beyene, B.2    Abunna, F.3    Regassa, A.4    Amenu, K.5    Rufael, T.6
  • 53
    • 77958085797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological study on foot-and-mouth disease in cattle: seroprevalence and risk factor assessment in south omo zone, south-western Ethiopia
    • Molla, B., G. Ayelet, Y. Asfaw, Y. Jibril, G. Ganga, and E. Gelaye, 2010: Epidemiological study on foot-and-mouth disease in cattle: seroprevalence and risk factor assessment in south omo zone, south-western Ethiopia. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 57, 340-347.
    • (2010) Transbound. Emerg. Dis. , vol.57 , pp. 340-347
    • Molla, B.1    Ayelet, G.2    Asfaw, Y.3    Jibril, Y.4    Ganga, G.5    Gelaye, E.6
  • 54
    • 84874044589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On not knowing zoonotic diseases: pastoralists' ethnoveterinary knowledge in the far north region of Cameroon
    • Moritz, M., D. Ewing, and R. B. Garabed, 2013: On not knowing zoonotic diseases: pastoralists' ethnoveterinary knowledge in the far north region of Cameroon. Hum. Organ. 72, 1-11.
    • (2013) Hum. Organ. , vol.72 , pp. 1-11
    • Moritz, M.1    Ewing, D.2    Garabed, R.B.3
  • 56
    • 27744480603 scopus 로고
    • Sahel, West Africa
    • Nierenberg, W. (ed.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
    • Nicholson, S. E., 1995: Sahel, West Africa. In: Nierenberg, W. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Environmental Biology, pp. 261-275. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
    • (1995) Encyclopedia of Environmental Biology , pp. 261-275
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 57
    • 84959459173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), World Animal Health Information Database (WAHID) Interface reports
    • (accessed December 10, 2013).
    • OIE, 2005-2013: World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), World Animal Health Information Database (WAHID) Interface reports. Available at http://www.oie.int/links/ (accessed December 10, 2013).
    • (2005)
  • 58
    • 84959475508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OIE 80th General session, Final report: resolution 15, endorsement of official control programmes for foot-and-mouth disease of member countries, Paris, France.
    • OIE, 2012: OIE 80th General session, Final report: resolution 15, endorsement of official control programmes for foot-and-mouth disease of member countries, Paris, France.
    • (2012)
  • 59
    • 84959451849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot and mouth disease
    • OIE (eds), OIE, Paris.
    • OIE, 2013: Foot and mouth disease. In: OIE (eds), Terrestrial Animal Health Code, pp. 1-22. OIE, Paris.
    • (2013) Terrestrial Animal Health Code , pp. 1-22
  • 60
    • 29144517843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation and development interventions at the wildlife/livestock interface: implications for wildlife, livestock and human health
    • Osofsky, S. A. (ed.), pp. IUCN - Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
    • Osofsky, S. A., S. A. Cleaveland, W. B. Karesh, M. D. Kock, P. J. Nyhus, L. Starr, and A. Yang, 2005: Conservation and development interventions at the wildlife/livestock interface: implications for wildlife, livestock and human health. In: Osofsky, S. A. (ed.), xxxiii + 220 pp. IUCN - Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
    • (2005)
    • Osofsky, S.A.1    Cleaveland, S.A.2    Karesh, W.B.3    Kock, M.D.4    Nyhus, P.J.5    Starr, L.6    Yang, A.7
  • 61
    • 70349329810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Options for control of foot-and-mouth disease: knowledge, capability and policy
    • Paton, D. J., K. J. Sumption, and B. Charleston, 2009: Options for control of foot-and-mouth disease: knowledge, capability and policy. Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond. A 364, 2657-2667.
    • (2009) Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond. A , vol.364 , pp. 2657-2667
    • Paton, D.J.1    Sumption, K.J.2    Charleston, B.3
  • 62
    • 0039751617 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the performance of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines under field conditions
    • Pay, T. W. F., 1984: Factors influencing the performance of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines under field conditions. Appl. Virol. 6, 73-86.
    • (1984) Appl. Virol. , vol.6 , pp. 73-86
    • Pay, T.W.F.1
  • 64
    • 61549134724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of SAT-2 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates obtained from cattle during a four-month period in 2001 in Limpopo Province, South Africa
    • Phologaine, B. S., R. M. Dwarka, D. T. Haydon, L. J. Gerber, and W. Vosloo, 2008: Molecular characterization of SAT-2 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates obtained from cattle during a four-month period in 2001 in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 75, 267-277.
    • (2008) Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. , vol.75 , pp. 267-277
    • Phologaine, B.S.1    Dwarka, R.M.2    Haydon, D.T.3    Gerber, L.J.4    Vosloo, W.5
  • 68
    • 37749053643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot and mouth disease in the Borana pastoral system, southern Ethiopia and implications for livelihoods and international trade
    • Rufael, T., A. Catley, A. Bogale, M. Sahle, and Y. Shiferaw, 2008: Foot and mouth disease in the Borana pastoral system, southern Ethiopia and implications for livelihoods and international trade. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 40, 29-38.
    • (2008) Trop. Anim. Health Prod. , vol.40 , pp. 29-38
    • Rufael, T.1    Catley, A.2    Bogale, A.3    Sahle, M.4    Shiferaw, Y.5
  • 70
    • 33947387982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of SAT-1 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates obtained from East Africa between 1971 and 2000 with viruses from the rest of sub-Saharan Africa
    • Sahle, M., R. M. Dwarka, E. H. Venter, and W. Vosloo, 2007: Comparison of SAT-1 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates obtained from East Africa between 1971 and 2000 with viruses from the rest of sub-Saharan Africa. Arch. Virol. 152, 797-804.
    • (2007) Arch. Virol. , vol.152 , pp. 797-804
    • Sahle, M.1    Dwarka, R.M.2    Venter, E.H.3    Vosloo, W.4
  • 71
    • 8744248519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus
    • Sobrino, F., and E. Domingo (eds), Horizon Bioscience, Wymondham, UK.
    • Salt, J. S., 2004: Persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus. In: Sobrino, F., and E. Domingo (eds), Foot and mouth Disease: Current Perspectives, pp. 103-143. Horizon Bioscience, Wymondham, UK.
    • (2004) Foot and mouth Disease: Current Perspectives , pp. 103-143
    • Salt, J.S.1
  • 72
    • 0035112620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot-and-mouth disease type O viruses exhibit genetically and geographically distinct evolutionary lineages (topotypes)
    • Samuel, A. R., and N. J. Knowles, 2001: Foot-and-mouth disease type O viruses exhibit genetically and geographically distinct evolutionary lineages (topotypes). J. Gen. Virol. 82, 609-621.
    • (2001) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.82 , pp. 609-621
    • Samuel, A.R.1    Knowles, N.J.2
  • 73
    • 0032766303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of type O viruses responsible for epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease in North Africa
    • Samuel, A. R., N. J. Knowles, and D. K. J. MacKay, 1999: Genetic analysis of type O viruses responsible for epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease in North Africa. Epidemiol. Infect. 122, 529-538.
    • (1999) Epidemiol. Infect. , vol.122 , pp. 529-538
    • Samuel, A.R.1    Knowles, N.J.2    MacKay, D.K.J.3
  • 75
    • 0034963427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus with emphasis on West and South Africa
    • Sangare, O., A. D. Bastos, O. Marquardt, E. H. Venter, W. Vosloo, and G. R. Thomson, 2001: Molecular epidemiology of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus with emphasis on West and South Africa. Virus Genes 22, 345-351.
    • (2001) Virus Genes , vol.22 , pp. 345-351
    • Sangare, O.1    Bastos, A.D.2    Marquardt, O.3    Venter, E.H.4    Vosloo, W.5    Thomson, G.R.6
  • 76
    • 2642531050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A first molecular epidemiological study of SAT-2 type foot-and-mouth disease viruses in West Africa
    • Sangare, O., A. D. S. Bastos, E. H. Venter, and W. Vosloo, 2004: A first molecular epidemiological study of SAT-2 type foot-and-mouth disease viruses in West Africa. Epidemiol. Infect. 132, 525-532.
    • (2004) Epidemiol. Infect. , vol.132 , pp. 525-532
    • Sangare, O.1    Bastos, A.D.S.2    Venter, E.H.3    Vosloo, W.4
  • 77
    • 84959506298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary genetics of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Kenya. PhD Thesis, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    • Sangula, A. K., 2010: Evolutionary genetics of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Kenya. PhD Thesis, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    • (2010)
    • Sangula, A.K.1
  • 78
    • 79952214544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low diversity of foot-and-mouth disease serotype C virus in Kenya: evidence for probable vaccine strain re-introductions in the field
    • Sangula, A. K., H. R. Siegismund, G. J. Belsham, S. N. Balinda, C. Masembe, and V. B. Muwanika, 2011: Low diversity of foot-and-mouth disease serotype C virus in Kenya: evidence for probable vaccine strain re-introductions in the field. Epidemiol. Infect. 139, 189-196.
    • (2011) Epidemiol. Infect. , vol.139 , pp. 189-196
    • Sangula, A.K.1    Siegismund, H.R.2    Belsham, G.J.3    Balinda, S.N.4    Masembe, C.5    Muwanika, V.B.6
  • 79
    • 32544441482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccines and foot-and-mouth disease eradication in South America
    • Brown, F., and J. Roth (eds), Karger, Basel.
    • Saraiva, V., 2003: Vaccines and foot-and-mouth disease eradication in South America. In: Brown, F., and J. Roth (eds), Vaccines for OIE List A and Emerging Animal Diseases, pp. 67-77. Karger, Basel.
    • (2003) Vaccines for OIE List A and Emerging Animal Diseases , pp. 67-77
    • Saraiva, V.1
  • 84
    • 84907009500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot-and-mouth disease: situation worldwide and major epidemiological events in 2005-2006
    • EMPRES Focus On Bulletin 1.
    • Sumption, K. J., J. Pinto, J. Lubroth, S. Morzaria, T. Murray, and S. Rocque, 2007: Foot-and-mouth disease: situation worldwide and major epidemiological events in 2005-2006. EMPRES Focus On Bulletin 1.
    • (2007)
    • Sumption, K.J.1    Pinto, J.2    Lubroth, J.3    Morzaria, S.4    Murray, T.5    Rocque, S.6
  • 85
    • 84911417480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serological evidence indicates that foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O, C and SAT1 are most dominant in Eritrea
    • Tekleghiorghis, T., R. J. M. Moormann, K. Weerdmeester, and A. Dekker, 2014: Serological evidence indicates that foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O, C and SAT1 are most dominant in Eritrea. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 61, e83-e88.
    • (2014) Transbound. Emerg. Dis. , vol.61 , pp. e83-e88
    • Tekleghiorghis, T.1    Moormann, R.J.M.2    Weerdmeester, K.3    Dekker, A.4
  • 86
    • 0000968322 scopus 로고
    • Foot and mouth disease
    • Coetzer, G. R. T. J. A. W., R. C. Tustin, and N. P. J. Kriek (eds), Oxford University Press, Cape Town.
    • Thomson, G. R., 1994: Foot and mouth disease. In: Coetzer, G. R. T. J. A. W., R. C. Tustin, and N. P. J. Kriek (eds), Infectious Diseases of Livestock with Special Reference to Southern Africa, pp. 825-952. Oxford University Press, Cape Town.
    • (1994) Infectious Diseases of Livestock with Special Reference to Southern Africa , pp. 825-952
    • Thomson, G.R.1
  • 87
    • 0037879541 scopus 로고
    • Overview of foot and mouth disease in southern Africa
    • Thomson, G. R., 1995: Overview of foot and mouth disease in southern Africa. Rev. Sci. Tech. 14, 503-520.
    • (1995) Rev. Sci. Tech. , vol.14 , pp. 503-520
    • Thomson, G.R.1
  • 88
    • 0001979017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OIE Comprehensive Reports on Technical Items Presented to the International Committee or to Regional Commissions, Paris.
    • Thomson, G. R., 1996: The Role of Carrier Animals in the Transmission of Foot-and-mouth Disease. OIE Comprehensive Reports on Technical Items Presented to the International Committee or to Regional Commissions, Paris.
    • (1996) The Role of Carrier Animals in the Transmission of Foot-and-mouth Disease
    • Thomson, G.R.1
  • 90
    • 0027023289 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of foot and mouth disease viruses in buffalo (Syncerus caffer Sparrman, 1779) in southern Africa
    • Thomson, G. R., W. Vosloo, J. J. Esterhuysen, and R. G. Bengis, 1992: Maintenance of foot and mouth disease viruses in buffalo (Syncerus caffer Sparrman, 1779) in southern Africa. Rev. Sci. Tech. 11, 1097-1107.
    • (1992) Rev. Sci. Tech. , vol.11 , pp. 1097-1107
    • Thomson, G.R.1    Vosloo, W.2    Esterhuysen, J.J.3    Bengis, R.G.4
  • 91
    • 0037230932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot and mouth disease in wildlife
    • Thomson, G. R., W. Vosloo, and A. D. S. Bastos, 2003: Foot and mouth disease in wildlife. Virus Res. 91, 145-161.
    • (2003) Virus Res. , vol.91 , pp. 145-161
    • Thomson, G.R.1    Vosloo, W.2    Bastos, A.D.S.3
  • 92
    • 56449131348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tale of a modern animal plague: tracing the evolutionary history and determining the time-scale for foot and mouth disease virus
    • Tully, D. C., and M. A. Fares, 2008: The tale of a modern animal plague: tracing the evolutionary history and determining the time-scale for foot and mouth disease virus. Virology 382, 250-256.
    • (2008) Virology , vol.382 , pp. 250-256
    • Tully, D.C.1    Fares, M.A.2
  • 93
    • 23644431813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Foot-and-mouth disease situation 2003-2004. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of EUFMD
    • Chania, Crete, Greece.
    • Valarcher, J. F., N. J. Knowles, R. Fernandez, R. J. Statham, P. R. Davies, R. J. Midgley, G. Hutchings, B. J. Newman, N. P. Ferris, and D. J. Paton, 2004: Global Foot-and-mouth disease situation 2003-2004. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of EUFMD, pp. 137-148. Chania, Crete, Greece.
    • (2004) , pp. 137-148
    • Valarcher, J.F.1    Knowles, N.J.2    Fernandez, R.3    Statham, R.J.4    Davies, P.R.5    Midgley, R.J.6    Hutchings, G.7    Newman, B.J.8    Ferris, N.P.9    Paton, D.J.10
  • 94
    • 31144440975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural habitats in which foot-and-mouth disease virus is maintained
    • Sobrino, F. and E. Domingo (eds), Horizon Bioscience, Wymondham, UK.
    • Vosloo, W., and G. R. Thomson, 2004: Natural habitats in which foot-and-mouth disease virus is maintained. In: Sobrino, F. and E. Domingo (eds), Foot and Mouth Disease: Current Perspectives. Horizon Bioscience, Wymondham, UK.
    • (2004) Foot and Mouth Disease: Current Perspectives
    • Vosloo, W.1    Thomson, G.R.2
  • 95
    • 0029922582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent infection of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with SAT-type foot-and-mouth disease viruses: rate of fixation of mutations, antigenic change and interspecies transmission
    • Vosloo, W., A. D. Bastos, E. Kirkbride, J. J. Esterhuysen, D. J. van Rensburg, R. G. Bengis, D. W. Keet, and G. R. Thomson, 1996: Persistent infection of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with SAT-type foot-and-mouth disease viruses: rate of fixation of mutations, antigenic change and interspecies transmission. J. Gen. Virol. 77, 1457-1467.
    • (1996) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.77 , pp. 1457-1467
    • Vosloo, W.1    Bastos, A.D.2    Kirkbride, E.3    Esterhuysen, J.J.4    van Rensburg, D.J.5    Bengis, R.G.6    Keet, D.W.7    Thomson, G.R.8
  • 96
    • 0344754139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the status and control of foot and mouth disease in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Vosloo, W., A. D. S. Bastos, O. Sangare, S. K. Hargreaves, and G. R. Thomson, 2002: Review of the status and control of foot and mouth disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Rev. Sci. Tech. 21, 437-449.
    • (2002) Rev. Sci. Tech. , vol.21 , pp. 437-449
    • Vosloo, W.1    Bastos, A.D.S.2    Sangare, O.3    Hargreaves, S.K.4    Thomson, G.R.5
  • 98
    • 31144458312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective genetic analysis of SAT-1 type foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in southern Africa
    • Vosloo, W., A. D. S. Bastos, and C. I. Boshoff, 2006: Retrospective genetic analysis of SAT-1 type foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in southern Africa. Arch. Virol. 151, 285-298.
    • (2006) Arch. Virol. , vol.151 , pp. 285-298
    • Vosloo, W.1    Bastos, A.D.S.2    Boshoff, C.I.3
  • 99
    • 33846828818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of a SAT-1 outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in captive African buffalo (Syncerus caffer): clinical symptoms, genetic characterisation and phylogenetic comparison of outbreak isolates
    • Vosloo, W., L. M. de Klerk, C. I. Boshoff, B. Botha, R. M. Dwarka, D. Keet, and D. T. Haydon, 2007: Characterisation of a SAT-1 outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in captive African buffalo (Syncerus caffer): clinical symptoms, genetic characterisation and phylogenetic comparison of outbreak isolates. Vet. Microbiol. 120, 226-240.
    • (2007) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.120 , pp. 226-240
    • Vosloo, W.1    de Klerk, L.M.2    Boshoff, C.I.3    Botha, B.4    Dwarka, R.M.5    Keet, D.6    Haydon, D.T.7
  • 100
    • 59549083775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study to investigate the role of impala (Aepyceros melampus) in foot-and-mouth disease maintenance in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
    • Vosloo, W., P. N. Thompson, B. Botha, R. G. Bengis, and G. R. Thomson, 2008: Longitudinal study to investigate the role of impala (Aepyceros melampus) in foot-and-mouth disease maintenance in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 56, 18-30.
    • (2008) Transbound. Emerg. Dis. , vol.56 , pp. 18-30
    • Vosloo, W.1    Thompson, P.N.2    Botha, B.3    Bengis, R.G.4    Thomson, G.R.5
  • 101
    • 59549083775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study to investigate the role of impala (Aepyceros melampus) in foot-and-mouth disease maintenance in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
    • Vosloo, W., P. N. Thompson, B. Botha, R. G. Bengis, and G. R. Thomson, 2009: Longitudinal study to investigate the role of impala (Aepyceros melampus) in foot-and-mouth disease maintenance in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 56, 18-30.
    • (2009) Transbound. Emerg. Dis. , vol.56 , pp. 18-30
    • Vosloo, W.1    Thompson, P.N.2    Botha, B.3    Bengis, R.G.4    Thomson, G.R.5
  • 103
    • 84959518472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent spread of new strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A in the Middle Eastand North Africa. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of EUFMD
    • Paphos, Cyprus.
    • Wadsworth, J., N. J. Knowles, K. G. Swabey, J. M. Stirling, R. J. Statham, Y. Li, G. H. Hutchings, N. P. Ferris, and D. Paton, 2006: Recent spread of new strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A in the Middle Eastand North Africa. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of EUFMD. Paphos, Cyprus.
    • (2006)
    • Wadsworth, J.1    Knowles, N.J.2    Swabey, K.G.3    Stirling, J.M.4    Statham, R.J.5    Li, Y.6    Hutchings, G.H.7    Ferris, N.P.8    Paton, D.9
  • 105
    • 84959553659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WRLFMD, 2013: Molecular epidemiology/genotyping, OIE/FAO FMD reference laboratory network reports. Available at(accessed December 19, 2013).
    • WRLFMD, 2003-2013: Molecular epidemiology/genotyping, OIE/FAO FMD reference laboratory network reports. Available at http://www.wrlfmd.org/fmd_genotyping/index.html (accessed December 19, 2013).
    • (2003)
  • 106
    • 84959552421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot and mouth disease control strategies in North Africa and the Middle East - the current situation. First OIE/FAO Global Conference on Foot and Mouth Disease: The way Towards Global Control
    • OIE, Asuncion, Paraguay.
    • Yehia, G., and P. Primot, 2009: Foot and mouth disease control strategies in North Africa and the Middle East - the current situation. First OIE/FAO Global Conference on Foot and Mouth Disease: The way Towards Global Control. OIE, Asuncion, Paraguay.
    • (2009)
    • Yehia, G.1    Primot, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.