메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 895-900

Atrial Fibrillation and Mechanisms of Stroke: Time for a New Model

Author keywords

atrial cardiomyopathy; atrial cardiopathy; atrial fibrillation; cardioembolism; embolic stroke

Indexed keywords

ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE MODEL; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); NEUROPATHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; NOTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RISK FACTOR; ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; STROKE;

EID: 84959496346     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: 15244628     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.012004     Document Type: Note
Times cited : (484)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 84896723562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: A Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study
    • Chugh SS, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K, Singh D, Rienstra M, Benjamin EJ, et al. Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study. Circulation. 2014;129:837-847. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005119.
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.129 , pp. 837-847
    • Chugh, S.S.1    Havmoeller, R.2    Narayanan, K.3    Singh, D.4    Rienstra, M.5    Benjamin, E.J.6
  • 2
    • 84897937637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular electrophysiology of atrial fibrillation initiation, maintenance, and progression
    • Heijman J, Voigt N, Nattel S, Dobrev D. Cellular and molecular electrophysiology of atrial fibrillation initiation, maintenance, and progression. Circ Res. 2014;114:1483-1499. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302226.
    • (2014) Circ Res , vol.114 , pp. 1483-1499
    • Heijman, J.1    Voigt, N.2    Nattel, S.3    Dobrev, D.4
  • 4
    • 0017900027 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic assessment of chronic atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke: The Framingham study
    • Wolf PA, Dawber TR, Thomas HE Jr, Kannel WB. Epidemiologic assessment of chronic atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke: the Framingham study. Neurology. 1978;28:973-977.
    • (1978) Neurology , vol.28 , pp. 973-977
    • Wolf, P.A.1    Dawber, T.R.2    Thomas, H.E.3    Kannel, W.B.4
  • 5
    • 31844443695 scopus 로고
    • The environment and disease: Association or causation
    • Hill AB. The environment and disease: association or causation Proc R Soc Med. 1965;58:295-300.
    • (1965) Proc R Soc Med , vol.58 , pp. 295-300
    • Hill, A.B.1
  • 6
    • 0029846932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shortterm predictors of incident stroke in older adults
    • The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Manolio TA, Kronmal RA, Burke GL, O'Leary DH, Price TR. Shortterm predictors of incident stroke in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke. 1996;27:1479-1486.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 1479-1486
    • Manolio, T.A.1    Kronmal, R.A.2    Burke, G.L.3    O'Leary, D.H.4    Price, T.R.5
  • 7
    • 84878935294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of apixaban vs. Warfarin by type and duration of atrial fibrillation: Results from the ARISTOTLE trial
    • Al-Khatib SM, Thomas L, Wallentin L, Lopes RD, Gersh B, Garcia D, et al. Outcomes of apixaban vs. warfarin by type and duration of atrial fibrillation: results from the ARISTOTLE trial. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:2464-2471. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht135.
    • (2013) Eur Heart J , vol.34 , pp. 2464-2471
    • Al-Khatib, S.M.1    Thomas, L.2    Wallentin, L.3    Lopes, R.D.4    Gersh, B.5    Garcia, D.6
  • 8
    • 84928403462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of ischaemic stroke according to pattern of atrial fibrillation: Analysis of 6563 aspirin-treated patients in ACTIVE-A and AVERROES
    • Vanassche T, Lauw MN, Eikelboom JW, Healey JS, Hart RG, Alings M, et al. Risk of ischaemic stroke according to pattern of atrial fibrillation: analysis of 6563 aspirin-treated patients in ACTIVE-A and AVERROES. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:281-287a. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu307.
    • (2015) Eur Heart J , vol.36 , pp. 281-287a
    • Vanassche, T.1    Lauw, M.N.2    Eikelboom, J.W.3    Healey, J.S.4    Hart, R.G.5    Alings, M.6
  • 9
    • 70449520921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between daily atrial tachyarrhythmia burden from implantable device diagnostics and stroke risk: The TRENDS study
    • Glotzer TV, Daoud EG, Wyse DG, Singer DE, Ezekowitz MD, Hilker C, et al. The relationship between daily atrial tachyarrhythmia burden from implantable device diagnostics and stroke risk: the TRENDS study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2:474-480. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.109.849638.
    • (2009) Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol , vol.2 , pp. 474-480
    • Glotzer, T.V.1    Daoud, E.G.2    Wyse, D.G.3    Singer, D.E.4    Ezekowitz, M.D.5    Hilker, C.6
  • 10
    • 84905899759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time to cardioversion for acute atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic complications
    • Nuotio I, Hartikainen JE, Grönberg T, Biancari F, Airaksinen KE. Time to cardioversion for acute atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic complications. JAMA. 2014;312:647-649. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.3824.
    • (2014) JAMA , vol.312 , pp. 647-649
    • Nuotio, I.1    Hartikainen, J.E.2    Grönberg, T.3    Biancari, F.4    Airaksinen, K.E.5
  • 11
    • 84857351821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of dabigatran compared to warfarin in patients with paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent atrial fibrillation: Results from the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) study
    • Flaker G, Ezekowitz M, Yusuf S, Wallentin L, Noack H, Brueckmann M, et al. Efficacy and safety of dabigatran compared to warfarin in patients with paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent atrial fibrillation: results from the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:854-855. doi: 10.1016/j. jacc.2011.10.896.
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.59 , pp. 854-855
    • Flaker, G.1    Ezekowitz, M.2    Yusuf, S.3    Wallentin, L.4    Noack, H.5    Brueckmann, M.6
  • 13
    • 84866733882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation and the risk of ischemic stroke: Does it still matter in patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 or 1
    • Chao TF, Liu CJ, Chen SJ, Wang KL, Lin YJ, Chang SL, et al. Atrial fibrillation and the risk of ischemic stroke: does it still matter in patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 or 1 Stroke. 2012;43:2551-2555. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.667865.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 2551-2555
    • Chao, T.F.1    Liu, C.J.2    Chen, S.J.3    Wang, K.L.4    Lin, Y.J.5    Chang, S.L.6
  • 14
    • 0025371872 scopus 로고
    • Are hypertension or cardiac embolism likely causes of lacunar infarction
    • Lodder J, Bamford JM, Sandercock PA, Jones LN, Warlow CP. Are hypertension or cardiac embolism likely causes of lacunar infarction Stroke. 1990;21:375-381.
    • (1990) Stroke , vol.21 , pp. 375-381
    • Lodder, J.1    Bamford, J.M.2    Sandercock, P.A.3    Jones, L.N.4    Warlow, C.P.5
  • 15
    • 0025223161 scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation-risk marker for stroke
    • Chesebro JH, Fuster V, Halperin JL. Atrial fibrillation-risk marker for stroke. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:1556-1558. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199011293232209.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , pp. 1556-1558
    • Chesebro, J.H.1    Fuster, V.2    Halperin, J.L.3
  • 16
    • 84944682521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation burden and short-term risk of stroke: Case-crossover analysis of continuously recorded heart rhythm from cardiac electronic implanted devices
    • Turakhia MP, Ziegler PD, Schmitt SK, Chang Y, Fan J, Than CT, et al. Atrial fibrillation burden and short-term risk of stroke: case-crossover analysis of continuously recorded heart rhythm from cardiac electronic implanted devices. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015;8:1040-1047. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.114.003057.
    • (2015) Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol , vol.8 , pp. 1040-1047
    • Turakhia, M.P.1    Ziegler, P.D.2    Schmitt, S.K.3    Chang, Y.4    Fan, J.5    Than, C.T.6
  • 17
    • 84901603173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal relationship between subclinical atrial fibrillation and embolic events
    • ASSERT Investigators
    • Brambatti M, Connolly SJ, Gold MR, Morillo CA, Capucci A, Muto C, et al; ASSERT Investigators. Temporal relationship between subclinical atrial fibrillation and embolic events. Circulation. 2014;129:2094-2099. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007825.
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.129 , pp. 2094-2099
    • Brambatti, M.1    Connolly, S.J.2    Gold, M.R.3    Morillo, C.A.4    Capucci, A.5    Muto, C.6
  • 18
    • 84942409774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of atrial arrhythmia monitoring to guide anticoagulation in patients with implanted defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization devices
    • IMPACT Investigators
    • Martin DT, Bersohn MM, Waldo AL, Wathen MS, Choucair WK, Lip GY, et al; IMPACT Investigators. Randomized trial of atrial arrhythmia monitoring to guide anticoagulation in patients with implanted defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization devices. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:1660-1668. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv115.
    • (2015) Eur Heart J , vol.36 , pp. 1660-1668
    • Martin, D.T.1    Bersohn, M.M.2    Waldo, A.L.3    Wathen, M.S.4    Choucair, W.K.5    Lip, G.Y.6
  • 21
    • 84899622741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the autonomic nervous system in atrial fibrillation: Pathophysiology and therapy
    • Chen PS, Chen LS, Fishbein MC, Lin SF, Nattel S. Role of the autonomic nervous system in atrial fibrillation: pathophysiology and therapy. Circ Res. 2014;114:1500-1515. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.303772.
    • (2014) Circ Res , vol.114 , pp. 1500-1515
    • Chen, P.S.1    Chen, L.S.2    Fishbein, M.C.3    Lin, S.F.4    Nattel, S.5
  • 22
    • 0035846667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein elevation in patients with atrial arrhythmias: Inflammatory mechanisms and persistence of atrial fibrillation
    • Chung MK, Martin DO, Sprecher D, Wazni O, Kanderian A, Carnes CA, et al. C-reactive protein elevation in patients with atrial arrhythmias: inflammatory mechanisms and persistence of atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2001;104:2886-2891.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2886-2891
    • Chung, M.K.1    Martin, D.O.2    Sprecher, D.3    Wazni, O.4    Kanderian, A.5    Carnes, C.A.6
  • 24
    • 33645752977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insular involvement in brain infarction increases risk for cardiac arrhythmia and death
    • GENIC Investigators
    • Abboud H, Berroir S, Labreuche J, Orjuela K, Amarenco P; GENIC Investigators. Insular involvement in brain infarction increases risk for cardiac arrhythmia and death. Ann Neurol. 2006;59:691-699. doi: 10.1002/ana.20806.
    • (2006) Ann Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 691-699
    • Abboud, H.1    Berroir, S.2    Labreuche, J.3    Orjuela, K.4    Amarenco, P.5
  • 25
    • 0025721804 scopus 로고
    • Lacunar infarcts. Pathogenesis and validity of the clinical syndromes
    • Boiten J, Lodder J. Lacunar infarcts. Pathogenesis and validity of the clinical syndromes. Stroke. 1991;22:1374-1378.
    • (1991) Stroke , vol.22 , pp. 1374-1378
    • Boiten, J.1    Lodder, J.2
  • 26
    • 0037180407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downregulation of endocardial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in atrial fibrillation: Potential mechanisms for atrial thrombosis and stroke
    • Cai H, Li Z, Goette A, Mera F, Honeycutt C, Feterik K, et al. Downregulation of endocardial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in atrial fibrillation: potential mechanisms for atrial thrombosis and stroke. Circulation. 2002;106:2854-2858.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 2854-2858
    • Cai, H.1    Li, Z.2    Goette, A.3    Mera, F.4    Honeycutt, C.5    Feterik, K.6
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
    • 0028147269 scopus 로고
    • Echocardiographic predictors of nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation
    • The Framingham Heart Study
    • Vaziri SM, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Echocardiographic predictors of nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1994;89:724-730.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.89 , pp. 724-730
    • Vaziri, S.M.1    Larson, M.G.2    Benjamin, E.J.3    Levy, D.4
  • 30
    • 84899974921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical discordance of the left atrium and appendage: A novel mechanism of stroke in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
    • Warraich HJ, Gandhavadi M, Manning WJ. Mechanical discordance of the left atrium and appendage: a novel mechanism of stroke in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Stroke. 2014;45:1481-1484. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.004800.
    • (2014) Stroke , vol.45 , pp. 1481-1484
    • Warraich, H.J.1    Gandhavadi, M.2    Manning, W.J.3
  • 32
    • 84937411566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excessive atrial ectopy and short atrial runs increase the risk of stroke beyond incident atrial fibrillation
    • Larsen BS, Kumarathurai P, Falkenberg J, Nielsen OW, Sajadieh A. Excessive atrial ectopy and short atrial runs increase the risk of stroke beyond incident atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:232-241. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.05.018.
    • (2015) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.66 , pp. 232-241
    • Larsen, B.S.1    Kumarathurai, P.2    Falkenberg, J.3    Nielsen, O.W.4    Sajadieh, A.5
  • 33
    • 84880170626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and the risk of ischemic stroke
    • Kamel H, Elkind MS, Bhave PD, Navi BB, Okin PM, Iadecola C, et al. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and the risk of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2013;44:1550-1554. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001118.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 1550-1554
    • Kamel, H.1    Elkind, M.S.2    Bhave, P.D.3    Navi, B.B.4    Okin, P.M.5    Iadecola, C.6
  • 34
    • 84945492794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic left atrial abnormality and stroke subtype in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study
    • Kamel H, O'Neal WT, Okin PM, Loehr LR, Alonso A, Soliman EZ. Electrocardiographic left atrial abnormality and stroke subtype in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Ann Neurol. 2015;78:670-678. doi: 10.1002/ana.24482.
    • (2015) Ann Neurol , vol.78 , pp. 670-678
    • Kamel, H.1    O'Neal, W.T.2    Okin, P.M.3    Loehr, L.R.4    Alonso, A.5    Soliman, E.Z.6
  • 35
    • 85027940552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P-wave morphology and the risk of incident ischemic stroke in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
    • Kamel H, Soliman EZ, Heckbert SR, Kronmal RA, Longstreth WT Jr, Nazarian S, et al. P-wave morphology and the risk of incident ischemic stroke in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Stroke. 2014;45:2786-2788. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006364.
    • (2014) Stroke , vol.45 , pp. 2786-2788
    • Kamel, H.1    Soliman, E.Z.2    Heckbert, S.R.3    Kronmal, R.A.4    Longstreth, W.T.5    Nazarian, S.6
  • 36
    • 84946474953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic left atrial abnormality and risk of stroke: Northern Manhattan Study
    • Kamel H, Hunter M, Moon YP, Yaghi S, Cheung K, Di Tullio MR, et al. Electrocardiographic left atrial abnormality and risk of stroke: Northern Manhattan Study. Stroke. 2015;46:3208-3212. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.009989.
    • (2015) Stroke , vol.46 , pp. 3208-3212
    • Kamel, H.1    Hunter, M.2    Moon, Y.P.3    Yaghi, S.4    Cheung, K.5    Di Tullio, M.R.6
  • 38
    • 84942944119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left atrial enlargement and stroke recurrence: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study
    • Yaghi S, Moon YP, Mora-McLaughlin C, Willey JZ, Cheung K, Di Tullio MR, et al. Left atrial enlargement and stroke recurrence: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Stroke. 2015;46:1488-1493. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.008711.
    • (2015) Stroke , vol.46 , pp. 1488-1493
    • Yaghi, S.1    Moon, Y.P.2    Mora-Mclaughlin, C.3    Willey, J.Z.4    Cheung, K.5    Di Tullio, M.R.6
  • 39
    • 0032824646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left atrial size and the risk of ischemic stroke in an ethnically mixed population
    • Di Tullio MR, Sacco RL, Sciacca RR, Homma S. Left atrial size and the risk of ischemic stroke in an ethnically mixed population. Stroke. 1999;30:2019-2024.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 2019-2024
    • Di Tullio, M.R.1    Sacco, R.L.2    Sciacca, R.R.3    Homma, S.4
  • 40
    • 77951880216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excessive supraventricular ectopic activity and increased risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke
    • Binici Z, Intzilakis T, Nielsen OW, Køber L, Sajadieh A. Excessive supraventricular ectopic activity and increased risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke. Circulation. 2010;121:1904-1911. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.874982.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , pp. 1904-1911
    • Binici, Z.1    Intzilakis, T.2    Nielsen, O.W.3    Køber, L.4    Sajadieh, A.5
  • 41
    • 84930339509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between left atrial abnormality on ECG and vascular brain injury on MRI in the Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Kamel H, Bartz TM, Longstreth WT Jr, Okin PM, Thacker EL, Patton KK, et al. Association between left atrial abnormality on ECG and vascular brain injury on MRI in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke. 2015;46:711-716. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007762.
    • (2015) Stroke , vol.46 , pp. 711-716
    • Kamel, H.1    Bartz, T.M.2    Longstreth, W.T.3    Okin, P.M.4    Thacker, E.L.5    Patton, K.K.6
  • 42
    • 84857641842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incremental value of biochemical and echocardiographic measures in prediction of ischemic stroke: The Strong Heart Study
    • Karas MG, Devereux RB, Wiebers DO, Whisnant JP, Best LG, Lee ET, et al. Incremental value of biochemical and echocardiographic measures in prediction of ischemic stroke: the Strong Heart Study. Stroke. 2012;43:720-726. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.631168.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 720-726
    • Karas, M.G.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Wiebers, D.O.3    Whisnant, J.P.4    Best, L.G.5    Lee, E.T.6
  • 43
    • 3442891744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left atrial volume in the prediction of first ischemic stroke in an elderly cohort without atrial fibrillation
    • Barnes ME, Miyasaka Y, Seward JB, Gersh BJ, Rosales AG, Bailey KR, et al. Left atrial volume in the prediction of first ischemic stroke in an elderly cohort without atrial fibrillation. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004;79:1008-1014. doi: 10.4065/79.8.1008.
    • (2004) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.79 , pp. 1008-1014
    • Barnes, M.E.1    Miyasaka, Y.2    Seward, J.B.3    Gersh, B.J.4    Rosales, A.G.5    Bailey, K.R.6
  • 44
    • 84875346206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LA volumes and reservoir function are associated with subclinical cerebrovascular disease: The CABL (Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Brain Lesions) study
    • Russo C, Jin Z, Liu R, Iwata S, Tugcu A, Yoshita M, et al. LA volumes and reservoir function are associated with subclinical cerebrovascular disease: the CABL (Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Brain Lesions) study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6:313-323. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.10.019.
    • (2013) JACC Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.6 , pp. 313-323
    • Russo, C.1    Jin, Z.2    Liu, R.3    Iwata, S.4    Tugcu, A.5    Yoshita, M.6
  • 45
    • 84878024773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autosomal recessive atrial dilated cardiomyopathy with standstill evolution associated with mutation of Natriuretic Peptide Precursor A
    • Disertori M, Quintarelli S, Grasso M, Pilotto A, Narula N, Favalli V, et al. Autosomal recessive atrial dilated cardiomyopathy with standstill evolution associated with mutation of Natriuretic Peptide Precursor A. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2013;6:27-36. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.112.963520.
    • (2013) Circ Cardiovasc Genet , vol.6 , pp. 27-36
    • Disertori, M.1    Quintarelli, S.2    Grasso, M.3    Pilotto, A.4    Narula, N.5    Favalli, V.6
  • 46
    • 77955174344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke subtype classification to mechanism-specific and undetermined categories by TOAST A-S-C-O and causative classification system: Direct comparison in the North Dublin population stroke study
    • Marnane M, Duggan CA, Sheehan OC, Merwick A, Hannon N, Curtin D, et al. Stroke subtype classification to mechanism-specific and undetermined categories by TOAST, A-S-C-O, and causative classification system: direct comparison in the North Dublin population stroke study. Stroke. 2010;41:1579-1586. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.575373.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , pp. 1579-1586
    • Marnane, M.1    Duggan, C.A.2    Sheehan, O.C.3    Merwick, A.4    Hannon, N.5    Curtin, D.6
  • 47
    • 84903485570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation
    • CRYSTAL AF Investigators
    • Sanna T, Diener HC, Passman RS, Di Lazzaro V, Bernstein RA, Morillo CA, et al.; CRYSTAL AF Investigators. Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2478-2486. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1313600.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.370 , pp. 2478-2486
    • Sanna, T.1    Diener, H.C.2    Passman, R.S.3    Di Lazzaro, V.4    Bernstein, R.A.5    Morillo, C.A.6
  • 48
    • 84857688641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P wave indices, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study
    • Magnani JW, Lopez FL, Soliman EZ, Maclehose RF, Crow RS, Alonso A. P wave indices, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20:666-672. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.53.
    • (2012) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.20 , pp. 666-672
    • Magnani, J.W.1    Lopez, F.L.2    Soliman, E.Z.3    MacLehose, R.F.4    Crow, R.S.5    Alonso, A.6
  • 49
    • 84880718773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity begets atrial fibrillation: A contemporary summary
    • Magnani JW, Hylek EM, Apovian CM. Obesity begets atrial fibrillation: a contemporary summary. Circulation. 2013;128:401-405. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001840.
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.128 , pp. 401-405
    • Magnani, J.W.1    Hylek, E.M.2    Apovian, C.M.3
  • 50
    • 84948730557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggressive risk factor reduction study for atrial fibrillation and implications for the outcome of ablation: The ARREST-AF cohort study
    • Pathak RK, Middeldorp ME, Lau DH, Mehta AB, Mahajan R, Twomey D, et al. Aggressive risk factor reduction study for atrial fibrillation and implications for the outcome of ablation: the ARREST-AF cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:2222-2231. doi: 10.1016/j. jacc.2014.09.028.
    • (2014) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.64 , pp. 2222-2231
    • Pathak, R.K.1    Middeldorp, M.E.2    Lau, D.H.3    Mehta, A.B.4    Mahajan, R.5    Twomey, D.6
  • 51
    • 84908220640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society
    • American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
    • January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, Calkins H, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC Jr, et al; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e1-e76. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.022.
    • (2014) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.64 , pp. e1-e76
    • January, C.T.1    Wann, L.S.2    Alpert, J.S.3    Calkins, H.4    Cigarroa, J.E.5    Cleveland, J.C.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.