Mortality in individuals treated with glucose-lowering agents: A large, controlled cohort study

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 101, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 461-469

  Claesen, Marc ^a,b   Gillard, Pieter ^c   De Smet, Frank ^c,d   Callens, Michiel ^c   De Moor, Bart ^a,b   Mathieu, Chantal ^a,d  

^a Signal Processing and Data Analytics   (United States)

^b IMinds Medical IT ^*  (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^d Department of Medical Management   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INSULIN; METFORMIN; SULFONYLUREA; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG USE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MONOTHERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX RATIO; SURVIVAL RATE; SURVIVAL TIME; AGE; AGED; BELGIUM; COMBINATION DRUG THERAPY; COMPLICATION; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FOLLOW UP; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; VERY ELDERLY;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BELGIUM; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COHORT STUDIES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; INSULIN; MALE; METFORMIN; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 84959370005     PISSN: 0021972X     EISSN: 19457197     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3184     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Prentki M, Nolan CJ. Islet cell failure in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2006;116(7):1802-1812.
2. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837-853.
3. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998; 352(9131):854-865.
4. Roumie CL, Hung AM, Greevy RA, et al. Comparative effectiveness of sulfonylurea and metformin monotherapy on cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157(9):601-610.
5. Currie CJ, PooleCD,EvansM,Peters JR,MorganCL. Mortality and other important diabetes-related outcomes with insulin vs other antihyperglycemic therapies in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(2):668-677.
6. Johnson JA, Majumdar SR, Simpson SH, Toth EL. Decreased mortality associated with the use of metformin compared with sulfonylurea monotherapy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002; 25(12):2244-2248.
7. Morgan CL, Mukherjee J, Jenkins-Jones S, Holden SE, Currie CJ. Association between first-line monotherapy with sulphonylurea versus metformin and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: a retrospective, observational study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014;16(10):957-962.
8. Tzoulaki I, Molokhia M, Curcin V, et al. Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database. BMJ. 2009;339:b4731.
9. Bannister CA, Holden SE, Jenkins-Jones S, et al. Can people with type 2 diabetes live longer than those without? A comparison of mortality in people initiated with metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy and matched, non-diabetic controls. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014;16(11):1165-1173.
10. World Health Organization. Guidelines for ATC Classification and DDDAssignment. Oslo:WHOCollaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology; 2015.
11. Kenneth J. Rothman SG, Timothy L. Lash. Modern Epidemiology. Lippincott Williams, Wilkins; Philadelphia, PA: 2008.
12. Shariff SZ, Cuerden MS, Jain AK, Garg AX. The secret of immortal time bias in epidemiologic studies. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19(5): 841-843.
13. John D. Kalbfleisch RLP. The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data. John Wiley, Sons; Hoboken, NJ: 2011.
14. Grambsch PM, Therneau TM. Proportional hazards tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals. Biometrika. 1994;81(3): 515-526.
15. R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2011. http://www. R-project. org/.
16. Therneau T. A Package for Survival Analysis in S, version 2. 36-14; 2012.
17. Wickham, Hadley. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. 1st ed. Corrected 3rd printing. 2010 edition. Springer-Verlag; New York, NY: 2009.
18. Azoulay L, Schneider-Lindner V, Dell'aniello S, Schiffrin A, Suissa S. Combination therapy with sulfonylureas and metformin and the prevention of death in type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2010;19(4):335-342.
19. Hemmingsen B, Lund SS, Gluud C, et al. Targeting intensive glycaemic control versus targeting conventional glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;11: CD008143.
20. Kahler KH, Rajan M, Rhoads GG, et al. Impact of oral antihyperglycemic therapy on all-cause mortality among patients with diabetes in the Veterans Health Administration. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(7):1689-1693.
21. ORIGIN Trial Investigators, Gerstein HC, Bosch J, et al. Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia. NEngl J Med. 2012;367(4):319-328.
22. Schramm TK, Gislason GH, Vaag A, et al. Mortality and cardiovascular risk associated with different insulin secretagogues compared with metformin in type 2 diabetes, with or without a previous myocardial infarction: a nationwide study. Eur Heart J. 2011; 32(15):1900-1908.
23. Wheeler S, Moore K, Forsberg CW, et al. Mortality among veterans with type 2 diabetes initiating metformin, sulfonylurea or rosiglitazone monotherapy. Diabetologia. 2013;56(9):1934-1943.
24. Gamble JM, Simpson SH, Eurich DT, Majumdar SR, Johnson JA. Insulin use and increased risk of mortality in type 2 diabetes: a cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010;12(1):47-53.
25. Betteridge DJ. Lipid control in patients with diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2011;8(5):278-290.
26. ColhounHM,Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;364(9435):685-696.
27. Rubin DB. Using multivariate matched sampling and regression adjustment to control bias in observational studies. J Am Stat Assoc. 1979;74(366):318-328.
28. Kupper LL, Karon JM, Kleinbaum DG, Morgenstern H, Lewis DK. Matching in epidemiologic studies: validity and efficiency considerations. Biometrics. 1981;37(2):271-291.
29. Grobbee DE, Hoes AW. ConfounDing and indication for treatment in evaluation of drug treatment for hypertension. BMJ. 1997; 315(7116):1151-1154.
30. Psaty BM, Koepsell TD, Lin D, l. Assessment and control for confounDing by indication in observational studies. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47(6):749-754.
31. Bosco JL, Silliman RA, Thwin SS, et al. A most stubborn bias: no adjustment method fully resolves confounDing by indication in observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(1):64-74.
32. Austin PC, Mamdani MM, Stukel TA, Anderson GM, Tu JV. The use of the propensity score for estimating treatment effects: administrative versus clinical data. Stat Med. 2005;24(10):1563-1578.