메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 197-216

Regional soil moisture biases and their influence on WRF model temperature forecasts over the intermountain west

Author keywords

Land surface model; Mesoscale models; Model errors; Model evaluation performance; Models and modeling; Single column models

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARY LAYERS; ERRORS; FORECASTING; MOISTURE; NASA; SOIL MOISTURE; SOILS; SURFACE MEASUREMENT;

EID: 84958958058     PISSN: 08828156     EISSN: 15200434     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0073.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 84867195561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil moisture analyses at ECMWF: Evaluation using global ground-based in situ observations
    • Albergel, C., P. de Rosnay, G. Balsamo, L. Isaksen, and J. Muñoz-Sabater, 2012a: Soil moisture analyses at ECMWF: Evaluation using global ground-based in situ observations. J. Hydrometeor., 13, 1442-1460, doi:10.1175/JHM-D-11-0107.1.
    • (2012) J. Hydrometeor , vol.13 , pp. 1442-1460
    • Albergel, C.1    de Rosnay, P.2    Balsamo, G.3    Isaksen, L.4    Muñoz-Sabater, J.5
  • 2
  • 4
    • 0029446181 scopus 로고
    • Influence of soil moisture on simulations of katabatic flow
    • Banta, R. M., and P. T. Gannon, 1995: Influence of soil moisture on simulations of katabatic flow. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 52, 85-94, doi:10.1007/BF00865509.
    • (1995) Theor. Appl. Climatol , vol.52 , pp. 85-94
    • Banta, R.M.1    Gannon, P.T.2
  • 5
    • 0035303091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling an advanced land surface-hydrology model with the Penn State-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I:Model implementation and sensitivity
    • Chen, F., and J. Dudhia, 2001: Coupling an advanced land surface-hydrology model with the Penn State-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I:Model implementation and sensitivity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 569-585, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0569: CAALSH>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.129 , pp. 569-585
    • Chen, F.1    Dudhia, J.2
  • 6
    • 67651121530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the coupling strength between the land surface and the atmosphere: From viewpoint of surface exchange coefficients
    • Chen, F., and Y. Zhang, 2009: On the coupling strength between the land surface and the atmosphere: From viewpoint of surface exchange coefficients. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L10404, doi:10.1029/2009GL037980.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.36
    • Chen, F.1    Zhang, Y.2
  • 7
    • 0031432796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of atmospheric surface-layer parameterization in the new land-surface scheme of the NCEP mesoscale Eta Model
    • Chen, F., Z. Janjić, and K. Mitchell, 1997: Impact of atmospheric surface-layer parameterization in the new land-surface scheme of the NCEP mesoscale Eta Model. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 85, 391-421, doi:10.1023/A:1000531001463.
    • (1997) Bound.-Layer Meteor , vol.85 , pp. 391-421
    • Chen, F.1    Janjić, Z.2    Mitchell, K.3
  • 8
    • 28144436882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of surface sensible weather forecasts by the WRF and the Eta Models over the western United States
    • Cheng, W. Y. Y., and W. J. Steenburgh, 2005: Evaluation of surface sensible weather forecasts by the WRF and the Eta Models over the western United States. Wea. Forecasting, 20, 812-821, doi:10.1175/WAF885.1.
    • (2005) Wea. Forecasting , vol.20 , pp. 812-821
    • Cheng, W.Y.Y.1    Steenburgh, W.J.2
  • 11
    • 77952584875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quasi-global evaluation system for satellite-based surface soil moisture retrievals
    • Crow, W. T., D. G. Miralles, and M. H. Cosh, 2010: A quasi-global evaluation system for satellite-based surface soil moisture retrievals. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 48, 2516-2527, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2010.2040481.
    • (2010) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens , vol.48 , pp. 2516-2527
    • Crow, W.T.1    Miralles, D.G.2    Cosh, M.H.3
  • 12
    • 84959013975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of soil moisture initialization on simulations of atmospheric boundary layer evolution in Owens Valley
    • Santa Fe, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 7.2
    • Daniels, M. H., F. K. Chow, and G. S. Poulos, 2006: Effects of soil moisture initialization on simulations of atmospheric boundary layer evolution in Owens Valley. Preprints, 12th Conf. on Mountain Meteorology, Santa Fe, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 7.2. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/114757.pdf.].
    • (2006) Preprints, 12th Conf. on Mountain Meteorology
    • Daniels, M.H.1    Chow, F.K.2    Poulos, G.S.3
  • 15
    • 0024921060 scopus 로고
    • Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale twodimensional model
    • Dudhia, J., 1989: Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale twodimensional model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<3077:NSOCOD>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.46 , pp. 3077-3107
    • Dudhia, J.1
  • 16
    • 77952212845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) Mission
    • Entekhabi, D., and Coauthors, 2010: The Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) Mission. Proc. IEEE, 98, 704-716, doi:10.1109/JPROC.2010.2043918.
    • (2010) Proc. IEEE , vol.98 , pp. 704-716
    • Entekhabi, D.1
  • 17
    • 84984538465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The MATERHORN: Unraveling the intricacies of mountain weather
    • Fernando, H. J., and Coauthors, 2015: The MATERHORN: Unraveling the intricacies of mountain weather. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, 1945-1967, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00131.1.
    • (2015) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.96 , pp. 1945-1967
    • Fernando, H.J.1
  • 18
    • 80052699513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Completion of the 2006 national land cover database for the conterminous United States
    • Fry, J., and Coauthors, 2011: Completion of the 2006 national land cover database for the conterminous United States. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., 77, 858-864.
    • (2011) Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens , vol.77 , pp. 858-864
    • Fry, J.1
  • 19
    • 84875377795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal dependence ofWRFmodel biases and sensitivity to PBL schemes over Europe
    • García-Díez, M., J. Fernández, L. Fita, and C. Yagüe, 2013: Seasonal dependence ofWRFmodel biases and sensitivity to PBL schemes over Europe. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 139, 501-514, doi:10.1002/qj.1976.
    • (2013) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.139 , pp. 501-514
    • García-Díez, M.1    Fernández, J.2    Fita, L.3    Yagüe, C.4
  • 20
    • 0035359260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluations of mesoscale models' simulations of near-surface winds, temperature gradients, andmixing depths
    • Hanna, S. R., and R.Yang, 2001: Evaluations of mesoscale models' simulations of near-surface winds, temperature gradients, andmixing depths. J. Appl.Meteor., 40, 1095-1104, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<1095:EOMMSO>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2001) J. Appl.Meteor , vol.40 , pp. 1095-1104
    • Hanna, S.R.1    Yang, R.2
  • 21
    • 27544459449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model forecast improvements with decreased horizontal grid spacing over finescale intermountain orography during the 2002 Olympic Winter Games
    • Hart, K. A., W. J. Steenburgh, and D. J. Onton, 2005: Model forecast improvements with decreased horizontal grid spacing over finescale intermountain orography during the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. Wea. Forecasting, 20, 558-576, doi:10.1175/WAF865.1.
    • (2005) Wea. Forecasting , vol.20 , pp. 558-576
    • Hart, K.A.1    Steenburgh, W.J.2    Onton, D.J.3
  • 22
    • 33644785120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of land-atmosphere interactions on the IHOP 24-25 May 2002 convection case
    • Holt, T. R., D. Niyogi, F. Chen, K. Manning, M. A. LeMone, and A. Qureshi, 2006: Effect of land-atmosphere interactions on the IHOP 24-25 May 2002 convection case. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 113-133, doi:10.1175/MWR3057.1.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.134 , pp. 113-133
    • Holt, T.R.1    Niyogi, D.2    Chen, F.3    Manning, K.4    LeMone, M.A.5    Qureshi, A.6
  • 23
    • 33749016495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes
    • Hong, S. Y., Y. Noh, and J. Dudhia, 2006: A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2318-2341, doi:10.1175/MWR3199.1.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.134 , pp. 2318-2341
    • Hong, S.Y.1    Noh, Y.2    Dudhia, J.3
  • 24
    • 0036226813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MesoWest: Cooperative mesonets in the western United States
    • Horel, J., and Coauthors, 2002: MesoWest: Cooperative mesonets in the western United States. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 211-225, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0211: MCMITW>2.3.CO;2.
    • (2002) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.83 , pp. 211-225
    • Horel, J.1
  • 25
    • 84885967314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the updated YSU planetary boundary layer scheme within WRF for wind resource and air quality assessments
    • Hu, X. M., P. M. Klein, and M. Xue, 2013: Evaluation of the updated YSU planetary boundary layer scheme within WRF for wind resource and air quality assessments. J. Geophys. Res., 118, 10 490-10 505, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50823.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res , vol.118 , pp. 10490-10505
    • Hu, X.M.1    Klein, P.M.2    Xue, M.3
  • 26
    • 0030434716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of model-calculated soil moisture over the United States (1931-1993) and applications to long-range temperature forecasts
    • Huang, J., H.M. van denDool, and K. P.Georgarakos, 1996: Analysis of model-calculated soil moisture over the United States (1931-1993) and applications to long-range temperature forecasts. J. Climate, 9, 1350-1362, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1350: AOMCSM>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 1350-1362
    • Huang, J.1    van denDool, H.M.2    Georgarakos, K.P.3
  • 27
    • 50849139199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative forcing by longlived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models
    • Iacono, M. J., J. S. Delamere, E. J. Mlawer, M. W. Shepard, S. A. Clough, and W. D. Collins, 2008: Radiative forcing by longlived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D13103, doi:10.1029/2008JD009944.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res , vol.113
    • Iacono, M.J.1    Delamere, J.S.2    Mlawer, E.J.3    Shepard, M.W.4    Clough, S.A.5    Collins, W.D.6
  • 28
    • 77952580767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer soil moisture products
    • Jackson, T. J., and Coauthors, 2010: Validation of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer soil moisture products. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 48, 4256-4272, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2010.2051035.
    • (2010) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens , vol.48 , pp. 4256-4272
    • Jackson, T.J.1
  • 29
    • 1342310488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization: An update
    • Kain, J. S., 2004: The Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization: An update. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 170-181, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0170:TKCPAU>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.43 , pp. 170-181
    • Kain, J.S.1
  • 30
    • 77952137444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SMOS mission: New tool for monitoring key elements of the global water cycle
    • Kerr, Y. H., and Coauthors, 2010: The SMOS mission: New tool for monitoring key elements of the global water cycle. Proc. IEEE, 98, 666-687, doi:10.1109/JPROC.2010.2043032.
    • (2010) Proc. IEEE , vol.98 , pp. 666-687
    • Kerr, Y.H.1
  • 31
    • 36749059481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicit diffusion in the WRF Model
    • Knievel, J. C., G. H. Bryan, and J. P. Hacker, 2007: Explicit diffusion in the WRF Model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3808-3824, doi:10.1175/2007MWR2100.1.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.135 , pp. 3808-3824
    • Knievel, J.C.1    Bryan, G.H.2    Hacker, J.P.3
  • 33
    • 0020968202 scopus 로고
    • Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model
    • Lin, Y.-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<1065: BPOTSF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1983) J. Climate Appl. Meteor , vol.22 , pp. 1065-1092
    • Lin, Y.-L.1    Farley, R.D.2    Orville, H.D.3
  • 34
    • 57649165541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The operational mesogamma-scale analysis and forecast system of the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command. Part I: Overview of the modeling system, the forecast products, and how the products are used
    • Liu, Y., and Coauthors, 2008a: The operational mesogamma-scale analysis and forecast system of the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command. Part I: Overview of the modeling system, the forecast products, and how the products are used. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 1077-1092, doi:10.1175/2007JAMC1653.1.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol , vol.47 , pp. 1077-1092
    • Liu, Y.1
  • 35
    • 57649165539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The operational mesogamma-scale analysis and forecast system of the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command. Part II: Interrange comparison of the accuracy of model analyses and forecasts
    • Liu, Y., and Coauthors, 2008b: The operational mesogamma-scale analysis and forecast system of the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command. Part II: Interrange comparison of the accuracy of model analyses and forecasts. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 1093-1104, doi:10.1175/2007JAMC1654.1.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol , vol.47 , pp. 1093-1104
    • Liu, Y.1
  • 36
    • 0344036159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of the land surface physics in the operational NCEP Eta Model on simulating the diurnal cycle: Evaluation and testing using Oklahoma mesonet data
    • Marshall, C. H., K. C. Crawford, K. E. Mitchell, and D. J. Stensrud, 2003: The impact of the land surface physics in the operational NCEP Eta Model on simulating the diurnal cycle: Evaluation and testing using Oklahoma mesonet data. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 748-768, doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<0748: TIOTLS>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2003) Wea. Forecasting , vol.18 , pp. 748-768
    • Marshall, C.H.1    Crawford, K.C.2    Mitchell, K.E.3    Stensrud, D.J.4
  • 37
    • 0036243674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does increasing horizontal resolution produce more skillful forecasts? The results of two years of real-time numerical weather prediction over the Pacific Northwest
    • Mass, C. F., D. Ovens, K. Westrick, and B. A. Colle, 2002: Does increasing horizontal resolution produce more skillful forecasts? The results of two years of real-time numerical weather prediction over the Pacific Northwest. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 407-430, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0407: DIHRPM>2.3.CO;2.
    • (2002) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.83 , pp. 407-430
    • Mass, C.F.1    Ovens, D.2    Westrick, K.3    Colle, B.A.4
  • 38
    • 84905977294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of near-surface temperature forecasts to soil properties over a sparsely vegetated dryland region
    • Massey, J. D., W. J. Steenburgh, S. W. Hoch, and J. C. Knievel, 2014: Sensitivity of near-surface temperature forecasts to soil properties over a sparsely vegetated dryland region. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 53, 1976-1995, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0362.1.
    • (2014) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol , vol.53 , pp. 1976-1995
    • Massey, J.D.1    Steenburgh, W.J.2    Hoch, S.W.3    Knievel, J.C.4
  • 39
    • 0019675058 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the effects of surface fluxes of heat and moisture in a mesoscale numerical model
    • McCumber, M. C., and R. A. Pielke, 1981: Simulation of the effects of surface fluxes of heat and moisture in a mesoscale numerical model. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9929-9938, doi:10.1029/JC086iC10p09929.
    • (1981) J. Geophys. Res , vol.86 , pp. 9929-9938
    • McCumber, M.C.1    Pielke, R.A.2
  • 40
    • 0020330926 scopus 로고
    • Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems
    • Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada, 1982: Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 20, 851-875, doi:10.1029/RG020i004p00851.
    • (1982) Rev. Geophys. Space Phys , vol.20 , pp. 851-875
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Yamada, T.2
  • 41
    • 0000453046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave
    • Mlawer, E. J., S. J. Taubman, P. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S. A. Clough, 1997: Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16 663-16 682, doi:10.1029/97JD00237.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res , vol.102 , pp. 16663-16682
    • Mlawer, E.J.1    Taubman, S.J.2    Brown, P.D.3    Iacono, M.J.4    Clough, S.A.5
  • 42
    • 1842731677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved Mellor-Yamada level-3 model with condensation physics: Its design and verification
    • Nakanishi, M., and H. Niino, 2004: An improved Mellor-Yamada level-3 model with condensation physics: Its design and verification. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 112, 1-31, doi:10.1023/B:BOUN.0000020164.04146.98.
    • (2004) Bound.-Layer Meteor , vol.112 , pp. 1-31
    • Nakanishi, M.1    Niino, H.2
  • 43
    • 84890737417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State of the art in large-scale soil moisture monitoring
    • Ochsner, T. E., and Coauthors, 2013: State of the art in large-scale soil moisture monitoring. Soil. Sci. Soc. Amer. J., 77, 1888-1919, doi:10.2136/sssaj2013.03.0093.
    • (2013) Soil. Sci. Soc. Amer. J , vol.77 , pp. 1888-1919
    • Ochsner, T.E.1
  • 44
    • 35548984877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acombined local and nonlocal closure model for the atmospheric boundary layer. Part I: Model description and testing
    • Pleim, J. E., 2007: Acombined local and nonlocal closure model for the atmospheric boundary layer. Part I: Model description and testing. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 1383-1395, doi:10.1175/JAM2539.1.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol , vol.46 , pp. 1383-1395
    • Pleim, J.E.1
  • 45
    • 1442360274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar position algorithm for solar radiation applications
    • Reda, I., and A. Andreas, 2004: Solar position algorithm for solar radiation applications. Sol. Energy, 76, 577-589, doi:10.1016/j.solener.2003.12.003.
    • (2004) Sol. Energy , vol.76 , pp. 577-589
    • Reda, I.1    Andreas, A.2
  • 46
    • 0036538701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for diurnal boundary layer circulations in the Great Basin Desert
    • Rife, D. L., T. T. Warner, F. Chen, and E. G. Astling, 2002: Mechanisms for diurnal boundary layer circulations in the Great Basin Desert. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 921-938, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0921:MFDBLC>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.130 , pp. 921-938
    • Rife, D.L.1    Warner, T.T.2    Chen, F.3    Astling, E.G.4
  • 48
    • 78650971355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of surface-observation ensemble assimilation and model complexity for nowcasting of PBL profiles: A factor separation analysis
    • Rostkier-Edelstein, D., and J. P. Hacker, 2010: The roles of surface-observation ensemble assimilation and model complexity for nowcasting of PBL profiles: A factor separation analysis. Wea. Forecasting, 25, 1670-1690, doi:10.1175/2010WAF2222435.1.
    • (2010) Wea. Forecasting , vol.25 , pp. 1670-1690
    • Rostkier-Edelstein, D.1    Hacker, J.P.2
  • 49
    • 38549130264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The USDA natural resources conservation service Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN)
    • Schaefer, G. L., M. H. Cosh, and T. J. Jackson, 2007: The USDA natural resources conservation service Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN). J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 2073-2077, doi:10.1175/2007JTECHA930.1.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.24 , pp. 2073-2077
    • Schaefer, G.L.1    Cosh, M.H.2    Jackson, T.J.3
  • 50
    • 33750683111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dielectric loss and calibration of the Hydra Probe soil water sensor
    • Seyfried, M. S., L. E. Grant, E. Du, and K. Humes, 2005: Dielectric loss and calibration of the Hydra Probe soil water sensor. Vadose Zone J., 4, 1070-1079, doi:10.2136/vzj2004.0148.
    • (2005) Vadose Zone J , vol.4 , pp. 1070-1079
    • Seyfried, M.S.1    Grant, L.E.2    Du, E.3    Humes, K.4
  • 51
    • 0034018687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatology of lake-effect snowstorms of the Great Salt Lake
    • Steenburgh, W. J., S. F. Halvorson, and D. J. Onton, 2000: Climatology of lake-effect snowstorms of the Great Salt Lake. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 709-727, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<0709: COLESO>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.128 , pp. 709-727
    • Steenburgh, W.J.1    Halvorson, S.F.2    Onton, D.J.3
  • 52
    • 31444455273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a new spectral theory of stably stratified turbulence to atmospheric boundary layers over sea ice
    • Sukoriansky, S., B. Galperin, and V. Perov, 2005: Application of a new spectral theory of stably stratified turbulence to atmospheric boundary layers over sea ice. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 117, 231-257, doi:10.1007/s10546-004-6848-4.
    • (2005) Bound.-Layer Meteor , vol.117 , pp. 231-257
    • Sukoriansky, S.1    Galperin, B.2    Perov, V.3
  • 53
    • 0030423829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planetary boundary layer and surface layer sensitivity to land surface parameters
    • Sun, W. Y., and M. G. Bosilovich, 1996: Planetary boundary layer and surface layer sensitivity to land surface parameters. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 77, 353-378, doi:10.1007/BF00123532.
    • (1996) Bound.-Layer Meteor , vol.77 , pp. 353-378
    • Sun, W.Y.1    Bosilovich, M.G.2
  • 54
    • 1542645674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part I:Description and sensitivity analysis
    • Thompson, G., R. M. Rasmussen, and K. Manning, 2004: Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part I:Description and sensitivity analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 519-542, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0519: EFOWPU>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.132 , pp. 519-542
    • Thompson, G.1    Rasmussen, R.M.2    Manning, K.3
  • 55
    • 52149094734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the PBL and precipitation in 12-day simulations of warm-season convection using different land surface models and soil wetness conditions
    • Trier, S. B., F. Chen, K. W. Manning, M. A. LeMone, and C. A. Davis, 2008: Sensitivity of the PBL and precipitation in 12-day simulations of warm-season convection using different land surface models and soil wetness conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 2321-2343, doi:10.1175/2007MWR2289.1.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.136 , pp. 2321-2343
    • Trier, S.B.1    Chen, F.2    Manning, K.W.3    LeMone, M.A.4    Davis, C.A.5
  • 56
    • 84958957435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Western Region Climate Center
    • WRCC, 2015: Western historical climate summaries: Dugway, Utah. Western Region Climate Center. [Available online at http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ut2257.].
    • (2015) Western historical climate summaries: Dugway, Utah
  • 57
    • 84887551944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the surface temperature and wind forecast errors of the NCAR-AirDat operational CONUS 4-km WRF forecasting system
    • Wyszogrodzki, A. A., Y. Liu, N. Jacobs, P. Childs, Y. Zhang, G. Roux, and T. T. Warner, 2013: Analysis of the surface temperature and wind forecast errors of the NCAR-AirDat operational CONUS 4-km WRF forecasting system. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 122, 125-143, doi:10.1007/s00703-013-0281-5.
    • (2013) Meteor. Atmos. Phys , vol.122 , pp. 125-143
    • Wyszogrodzki, A.A.1    Liu, Y.2    Jacobs, N.3    Childs, P.4    Zhang, Y.5    Roux, G.6    Warner, T.T.7
  • 58
    • 84868307055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface skin temperature and the interplay between sensible and ground heat fluxes over arid regions
    • Zeng, X., Z. Wang, and A. Wang, 2012: Surface skin temperature and the interplay between sensible and ground heat fluxes over arid regions. J. Hydrometeor., 13, 1359-1370, doi:10.1175/JHM-D-11-0117.1.
    • (2012) J. Hydrometeor , vol.13 , pp. 1359-1370
    • Zeng, X.1    Wang, Z.2    Wang, A.3
  • 59
    • 84880016327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of errors in near-surface temperature and wind from WRF numerical simulations in regions of complex terrain
    • Zhang, H., Z. Pu, and X. Zhang, 2013: Examination of errors in near-surface temperature and wind from WRF numerical simulations in regions of complex terrain. Wea. Forecasting, 28, 893-914, doi:10.1175/WAF-D-12-00109.1.
    • (2013) Wea. Forecasting , vol.28 , pp. 893-914
    • Zhang, H.1    Pu, Z.2    Zhang, X.3
  • 60
    • 84859476839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of daytime land surface skin temperature over arid regions in the NCEP GFS model and its impact on satellite data assimilation
    • Zheng, W., H. Wei, Z. Wang, X. Zeng, J. Meng, M. Ek, K. Mitchell, and J. Derber, 2012: Improvement of daytime land surface skin temperature over arid regions in the NCEP GFS model and its impact on satellite data assimilation. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D06117, doi:10.1029/2011JD015901.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res , vol.117
    • Zheng, W.1    Wei, H.2    Wang, Z.3    Zeng, X.4    Meng, J.5    Ek, M.6    Mitchell, K.7    Derber, J.8
  • 61
    • 0043095502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the MM5, RAMS, and Meso-Eta models at subkilometer resolution using VTMX field campaign data in the Salt Lake valley
    • Zhong, S., and J. Fast, 2003: An evaluation of the MM5, RAMS, and Meso-Eta models at subkilometer resolution using VTMX field campaign data in the Salt Lake valley. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 1301-1322, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<1301: AEOTMR>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2003) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.131 , pp. 1301-1322
    • Zhong, S.1    Fast, J.2
  • 62
    • 84875659849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of soil moisture on the planetary boundary layer and on cumulus convection over an isolated mountain. Part I: Observations
    • Zhou, X., and B. Geerts, 2013: The influence of soil moisture on the planetary boundary layer and on cumulus convection over an isolated mountain. Part I: Observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141, 1061-1078, doi:10.1175/MWR-D-12-00150.1.
    • (2013) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.141 , pp. 1061-1078
    • Zhou, X.1    Geerts, B.2
  • 63
    • 0029462047 scopus 로고
    • Non-local turbulent transport: Pollution dispersion aspects of coherent structure of convective flows
    • H. Power, N. Moussiopoulos, and C. A. Brebbia, Eds., Computational Mechanics Publications
    • Zilitinkevich, S., 1995: Non-local turbulent transport: Pollution dispersion aspects of coherent structure of convective flows. Air Pollution Theory and Simulation, Air Pollution III, H. Power, N. Moussiopoulos, and C. A. Brebbia, Eds., Vol. I, Computational Mechanics Publications, 53-60.
    • (1995) Air Pollution Theory and Simulation, Air Pollution III , vol.1 , pp. 53-60
    • Zilitinkevich, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.