메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 188, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 1-15

Inherent variability in lead and copper collected during standardized sampling

Author keywords

Copper; Lead; Premise plumbing; Variability

Indexed keywords

BRASS; HEALTH RISKS; LEAD; PLUMBING;

EID: 84958771822     PISSN: 01676369     EISSN: 15732959     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5182-x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 33845596502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorine decay in drinking-water transmission and distribution systems: pipe service age effect
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlCmt73F
    • Al-Jasser, A. O. (2007). Chlorine decay in drinking-water transmission and distribution systems: pipe service age effect. Water Research, 41(2), 387–396.
    • (2007) Water Research , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 387-396
    • Al-Jasser, A.O.1
  • 3
    • 84870022686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential reversal and the effects of flow pattern on galvanic corrosion of lead
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1WqurzE
    • Arnold, R. B., & Edwards, M. (2012). Potential reversal and the effects of flow pattern on galvanic corrosion of lead. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(20), 10941–10947. doi:10.1021/es3017396.
    • (2012) Environmental Science & Technology , vol.46 , Issue.20 , pp. 10941-10947
    • Arnold, R.B.1    Edwards, M.2
  • 5
    • 40749091199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead release from new end-use plumbing components in Seattle public schools
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjsl2qtb8%3D
    • Boyd, G., Pierson, G., Kirmeyer, G., Britton, M., & English, R. (2008a). Lead release from new end-use plumbing components in Seattle public schools. Journal American Water Works Association, 100(3), 105–114.
    • (2008) Journal American Water Works Association , vol.100 , Issue.3 , pp. 105-114
    • Boyd, G.1    Pierson, G.2    Kirmeyer, G.3    Britton, M.4    English, R.5
  • 8
    • 0031171983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copper corrosion in drinking water distribution systems—the influence of water quality
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXktVCku7s%3D
    • Broo, A. E., Berghult, B., & Hedberg, T. (1997). Copper corrosion in drinking water distribution systems—the influence of water quality. Corrosion Science, 39(6), 1119–1132.
    • (1997) Corrosion Science , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 1119-1132
    • Broo, A.E.1    Berghult, B.2    Hedberg, T.3
  • 9
    • 84925386699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High velocity household and service line flushing following LSL replacement
    • Brown, R. A., & Cornwell, D. A. (2015). High velocity household and service line flushing following LSL replacement. Journal American Water Works Association. doi:10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0012.
    • (2015) Journal American Water Works Association
    • Brown, R.A.1    Cornwell, D.A.2
  • 10
    • 35948951510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced copper release from pipes by alternating stagnation and flow events
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFWqtbnO
    • Calle, G. R., Vargas, I. T., Alsina, M. A., Pasten, P. A., & Pizarro, G. E. (2007). Enhanced copper release from pipes by alternating stagnation and flow events. Environmental Science & Technology, 41(21), 7430–7436.
    • (2007) Environmental Science & Technology , vol.41 , Issue.21 , pp. 7430-7436
    • Calle, G.R.1    Vargas, I.T.2    Alsina, M.A.3    Pasten, P.A.4    Pizarro, G.E.5
  • 11
    • 0037527726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of chlorine on corrosion in drinking water systems
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjvVemurk%3D
    • Cantor, A. F., Park, J., & Vaiyavatjamai, P. (2003). Effect of chlorine on corrosion in drinking water systems. Journal American Water Works Association, 95(5), 112–123.
    • (2003) Journal American Water Works Association , vol.95 , Issue.5 , pp. 112-123
    • Cantor, A.F.1    Park, J.2    Vaiyavatjamai, P.3
  • 13
    • 84862765970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of flow rate and lead/copper pipe sequence on lead release from service lines
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XotFKlsLs%3D
    • Cartier, C., Arnold, R. B., Jr., Triantafyllidou, S., Prévost, M., & Edwards, M. (2012). Effect of flow rate and lead/copper pipe sequence on lead release from service lines. Water Research, 46(13), 4142–4152.
    • (2012) Water Research , vol.46 , Issue.13 , pp. 4142-4152
    • Cartier, C.1    Arnold, R.B.2    Triantafyllidou, S.3    Prévost, M.4    Edwards, M.5
  • 14
    • 84902596911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profile sampling to characterize particulate lead risks in potable water
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXosFCgsb4%3D
    • Clark, B., Masters, S., & Edwards, M. (2014). Profile sampling to characterize particulate lead risks in potable water. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(12), 6836–6843.
    • (2014) Environmental Science & Technology , vol.48 , Issue.12 , pp. 6836-6843
    • Clark, B.1    Masters, S.2    Edwards, M.3
  • 15
    • 0034174464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A practical model for estimating total lead intake from drinking water
    • Clement, M., Seux, R., & Rabarot, S. (2000). A practical model for estimating total lead intake from drinking water. Water Research, 34(5), 1533–1542.
    • (2000) Water Research , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 1533-1542
    • Clement, M.1    Seux, R.2    Rabarot, S.3
  • 17
    • 0023594307 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of plumbosolvency propensity to guide the control of lead in tapwaters
    • Colling, J., Whincup, P., & Hayes, C. (1987). The measurement of plumbosolvency propensity to guide the control of lead in tapwaters. Water and Environment Journal, 1(3), 263–269.
    • (1987) Water and Environment Journal , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 263-269
    • Colling, J.1    Whincup, P.2    Hayes, C.3
  • 20
    • 84882620575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and evaluation of elevated lead release from service lines: a field study
    • Del Toral, M. A., Porter, A., & Schock, M. R. (2013). Detection and evaluation of elevated lead release from service lines: a field study. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(16), 9300–9307.
    • (2013) Environmental Science & Technology , vol.47 , Issue.16 , pp. 9300-9307
    • Del Toral, M.A.1    Porter, A.2    Schock, M.R.3
  • 21
    • 84875602155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of lead monitoring results to predict 0–7 year old children's exposure at the tap
    • Deshommes, E., Prevost, M., Levallois, P., Lemieux, F., & Nour, S. (2013). Application of lead monitoring results to predict 0–7 year old children's exposure at the tap. Water Research, 47(7), 2409–2420.
    • (2013) Water Research , vol.47 , Issue.7 , pp. 2409-2420
    • Deshommes, E.1    Prevost, M.2    Levallois, P.3    Lemieux, F.4    Nour, S.5
  • 22
    • 16244380516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculation of the mean residence time in distribution systems from tracer studies and models
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjsF2hsLo%3D
    • DiGiano, F. A., Zhang, W. D., & Travaglia, A. (2005). Calculation of the mean residence time in distribution systems from tracer studies and models. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology—Aqua, 54(1), 1–14.
    • (2005) Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology—Aqua , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • DiGiano, F.A.1    Zhang, W.D.2    Travaglia, A.3
  • 23
    • 0003913592 scopus 로고
    • Lead control strategies
    • Denver, AWWARF
    • Economic and Engineering Services. (1990). Lead control strategies. Denver: AWWARF.
    • (1990)
  • 24
    • 84891823386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal death and reduced birth rates associated with exposure to lead-contaminated drinking water
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvV2mt7rL
    • Edwards, M. (2014). Fetal death and reduced birth rates associated with exposure to lead-contaminated drinking water. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(1), 739–746.
    • (2014) Environmental Science & Technology , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 739-746
    • Edwards, M.1
  • 25
    • 19644379941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of chlorine and chloramine in corrosion of lead-bearing plumbing materials
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXos1KntL8%3D
    • Edwards, M., & Dudi, A. (2004). Role of chlorine and chloramine in corrosion of lead-bearing plumbing materials. Journal American Water Works Association, 96(10), 69–81.
    • (2004) Journal American Water Works Association , vol.96 , Issue.10 , pp. 69-81
    • Edwards, M.1    Dudi, A.2
  • 26
    • 34547401015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio and lead leaching to water
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXns1OqtLs%3D
    • Edwards, M., & Triantafyllidou, S. (2007). Chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio and lead leaching to water. Journal American Water Works Association, 99(7), 96–109.
    • (2007) Journal American Water Works Association , vol.99 , Issue.7 , pp. 96-109
    • Edwards, M.1    Triantafyllidou, S.2
  • 27
    • 64349117395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated blood lead in young children due to leadcontaminated drinking water: Washington, DC, 2001–2004
    • Edwards, M., Triantafyllidou, S., & Best, D. (2009). Elevated blood lead in young children due to leadcontaminated drinking water: Washington, DC, 2001–2004. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(5), 1618–1623.
    • (2009) Environmental Science & Technology , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 1618-1623
    • Edwards, M.1    Triantafyllidou, S.2    Best, D.3
  • 31
    • 84865610403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of new copper corrosion in high-alkalinity drinking water
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtFSqtb0%3D
    • Grace, S., Lytle, D. A., & Goltz, M. N. (2012). Control of new copper corrosion in high-alkalinity drinking water. Journal American Water Works Association, 104(1), 39–40.
    • (2012) Journal American Water Works Association , vol.104 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-40
    • Grace, S.1    Lytle, D.A.2    Goltz, M.N.3
  • 32
    • 0005011441 scopus 로고
    • Reducing lead in drinking water
    • Water Research Centre, Stevenage Laboratory
    • Gregory, R., & Jackson, P.J. (1983). Reducing lead in drinking water. Report 219-S, Water Research Centre, Stevenage Laboratory.
    • (1983) Report 219-S
    • Gregory, R.1    Jackson, P.J.2
  • 33
    • 84938712456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Durham’s reassuring lead-testing results appear to have missed the glass
    • Gronberg, R. (2007). Durham’s reassuring lead-testing results appear to have missed the glass. The Herald Sun.
    • (2007) The Herald Sun
    • Gronberg, R.1
  • 35
    • 84969338773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of lead corrosion in the city of Rochester Water Distribution System. Bellevue
    • HDR Engineering Inc. (2011). Study of lead corrosion in the city of Rochester Water Distribution System. Bellevue, WA.
    • (2011) WA
    • Engineering Inc, H.D.R.1
  • 37
    • 27644456170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modified Larsons ratio incorporating temperature, water age, and electroneutrality effects on red water release
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFSqu7jJ
    • Imran, S., Dietz, J., Mutoti, G., Taylor, J., & Randall, A. (2005). Modified Larsons ratio incorporating temperature, water age, and electroneutrality effects on red water release. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 131(11), 1514–1520.
    • (2005) Journal of Environmental Engineering , vol.131 , Issue.11 , pp. 1514-1520
    • Imran, S.1    Dietz, J.2    Mutoti, G.3    Taylor, J.4    Randall, A.5
  • 38
    • 0027560235 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of corrosion control alternatives to meet the lead and copper rule for Eastern Massachusetts
    • Johnson, J., Tran, T., & Yorton, R. (1993). Evaluation of corrosion control alternatives to meet the lead and copper rule for Eastern Massachusetts. Journal of New England Water Works Association, 107(1), 24–45.
    • (1993) Journal of New England Water Works Association , vol.107 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-45
    • Johnson, J.1    Tran, T.2    Yorton, R.3
  • 40
    • 0028990282 scopus 로고
    • The effects of water residence time on the biological quality in a distribution network
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXlvFSgurY%3D
    • Kerneis, A., Nakache, F., Deguin, A., & Feinberg, M. (1995). The effects of water residence time on the biological quality in a distribution network. Water Research, 29(7), 1719–1727.
    • (1995) Water Research , vol.29 , Issue.7 , pp. 1719-1727
    • Kerneis, A.1    Nakache, F.2    Deguin, A.3    Feinberg, M.4
  • 42
    • 0020858080 scopus 로고
    • A mass transfer model to describe lead concentrations in drinking water
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXlvVWitrs%3D
    • Kuch, A., & Wagner, I. (1983). A mass transfer model to describe lead concentrations in drinking water. Water Research, 17(10), 1303–1307.
    • (1983) Water Research , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 1303-1307
    • Kuch, A.1    Wagner, I.2
  • 45
    • 33646948276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of changing water flow velocity on the formation of biofilms and water quality in pilot distribution system consisting of copper or polyethylene pipes
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xlt12rtbo%3D
    • Lehtola, M. J., Laxander, M., Miettinen, I. T., Hirvonen, A., Vartiainen, T., & Martikainen, P. J. (2006). The effects of changing water flow velocity on the formation of biofilms and water quality in pilot distribution system consisting of copper or polyethylene pipes. Water Research, 40(11), 2151–2160.
    • (2006) Water Research , vol.40 , Issue.11 , pp. 2151-2160
    • Lehtola, M.J.1    Laxander, M.2    Miettinen, I.T.3    Hirvonen, A.4    Vartiainen, T.5    Martikainen, P.J.6
  • 46
    • 32044473898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EPA concludes WASA broke lead law: order cites violations in six categories but levies no penalties
    • Leonnig, C. (2004). EPA concludes WASA broke lead law: order cites violations in six categories but levies no penalties. Washington Post, p. B01.
    • (2004) Washington Post , pp. B01
    • Leonnig, C.1
  • 48
    • 77954227368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium silicate impacts on lead release in a blended potable water distribution system
    • Lintereur, P., Duranceau, S., Taylor, J., & Stone, E. (2010). Sodium silicate impacts on lead release in a blended potable water distribution system. Desalination and Water Treatment, 16(1–3), 427–438.
    • (2010) Desalination and Water Treatment , vol.16 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 427-438
    • Lintereur, P.1    Duranceau, S.2    Taylor, J.3    Stone, E.4
  • 49
    • 0028861425 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous transport of substrates, disinfectants and microorganisms
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjs1Wlt7Y%3D
    • Lu, C., Biswas, P., & Clark, R. (1995). Simultaneous transport of substrates, disinfectants and microorganisms. Water Research, 29(3), 881–894.
    • (1995) Water Research , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 881-894
    • Lu, C.1    Biswas, P.2    Clark, R.3
  • 50
    • 84969332611 scopus 로고
    • Variability of household water lead levels in american cities. Report from Battelle Arlington Operations to U.S. EPA. Contract No
    • Marcus, A.H., Hogan, K., & Cox, M. (1990). Variability of household water lead levels in american cities. Report from Battelle Arlington Operations to U.S. EPA. Contract No. 68-D8-0115.
    • (1990) 68-D8-0115
    • Marcus, A.H.1    Hogan, K.2    Cox, M.3
  • 51
    • 84928950874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased lead in water associated with iron corrosion
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXnslGis78%3D
    • Masters, S., & Edwards, M. A. (2015). Increased lead in water associated with iron corrosion. Environmental Engineering Science, 32(5), 361–369.
    • (2015) Environmental Engineering Science , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 361-369
    • Masters, S.1    Edwards, M.A.2
  • 53
    • 84908321097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox gradients in distribution systems influence water quality, corrosion, and microbial ecology
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhslGju73P
    • Masters, S., Wang, H., Pruden, A., & Edwards, M. A. (2015b). Redox gradients in distribution systems influence water quality, corrosion, and microbial ecology. Water Research, 68(1), 140–149.
    • (2015) Water Research , vol.68 , Issue.1 , pp. 140-149
    • Masters, S.1    Wang, H.2    Pruden, A.3    Edwards, M.A.4
  • 54
    • 0019007568 scopus 로고
    • Lead in drinking water and health
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXhtlehtLc%3D
    • Matthew, G. K. (1981). Lead in drinking water and health. Science of the Total Environment, 18, 61–75.
    • (1981) Science of the Total Environment , vol.18 , pp. 61-75
    • Matthew, G.K.1
  • 55
    • 1242265206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of Pb and Cu particulate species for corrosion control
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXkt1OksA%3D%3D
    • McNeill, L., & Edwards, M. (2004). Importance of Pb and Cu particulate species for corrosion control. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 130(2), 136–144.
    • (2004) Journal of Environmental Engineering , vol.130 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-144
    • McNeill, L.1    Edwards, M.2
  • 56
    • 13044257443 scopus 로고
    • Plumbosolvency of waters. Nature
    • Moore, M. (1973). Plumbosolvency of waters. Nature. doi:10.1038/243222a0.
    • (1973) doi:10.1038/243222a0
    • Moore, M.1
  • 57
    • 36049007518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined chlorine dissipation: pipe material, water quality, and hydraulic effects
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFOiurnL
    • Mutoti, G., Dietz, J. D., Arevalo, J., & Taylor, J. S. (2007). Combined chlorine dissipation: pipe material, water quality, and hydraulic effects. Journal American Water Works Association, 99(10), 96–106.
    • (2007) Journal American Water Works Association , vol.99 , Issue.10 , pp. 96-106
    • Mutoti, G.1    Dietz, J.D.2    Arevalo, J.3    Taylor, J.S.4
  • 59
    • 0018855137 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing household water lead: a British national survey
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXksFensLk%3D
    • Pocock, S. J. (1980). Factors influencing household water lead: a British national survey. Archives of Environmental Health, 35(1), 45–51.
    • (1980) Archives of Environmental Health , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-51
    • Pocock, S.J.1
  • 60
    • 0036092649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metals in drinking water from new housing estates in the Sydney area
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XltFKitbw%3D
    • Rajaratnam, G., Winder, C., & An, M. (2002). Metals in drinking water from new housing estates in the Sydney area. Environmental Research, 89(2), 165–170.
    • (2002) Environmental Research , vol.89 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-170
    • Rajaratnam, G.1    Winder, C.2    An, M.3
  • 62
    • 33847061841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead in water linked to coagulant
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XovFSrur0%3D
    • Renner, R. (2006). Lead in water linked to coagulant. Environmental Science & Technology, 40(17), 5164–5165.
    • (2006) Environmental Science & Technology , vol.40 , Issue.17 , pp. 5164-5165
    • Renner, R.1
  • 63
    • 2942597568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of temperature gradients in residential copper pipe corrosion
    • Rushing, J., & Edwards, M. (2004). The role of temperature gradients in residential copper pipe corrosion. Corrosion Science, 46(8), 1883–1894.
    • (2004) Corrosion Science , vol.46 , Issue.8 , pp. 1883-1894
    • Rushing, J.1    Edwards, M.2
  • 66
    • 84961566601 scopus 로고
    • The action of a chlorinated water supply upon lead pipe
    • Schaut, G. (1942). The action of a chlorinated water supply upon lead pipe. American Journal of Pharmacy, 114, 241–249.
    • (1942) American Journal of Pharmacy , vol.114 , pp. 241-249
    • Schaut, G.1
  • 67
    • 0025144884 scopus 로고
    • Causes of temporal variability of lead in domestic plumbing systems
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXhtVygtL4%3D
    • Schock, M. R. (1990). Causes of temporal variability of lead in domestic plumbing systems. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 15(1), 59–82.
    • (1990) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-82
    • Schock, M.R.1
  • 69
    • 0020706118 scopus 로고
    • Plumbosolvency reduction by high pH and low carbonate—solubility relationships
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXhtFentLs%3D
    • Schock, M. R., & Gardels, M. (1983). Plumbosolvency reduction by high pH and low carbonate—solubility relationships. Journal American Water Works Association, 75(2), 87–91.
    • (1983) Journal American Water Works Association , vol.75 , Issue.2 , pp. 87-91
    • Schock, M.R.1    Gardels, M.2
  • 70
    • 69549115136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of orthophosphate treatment on copper concentration
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXovFCit7o%3D
    • Schock, M., & Sandvig, A. (2009). Long-term effects of orthophosphate treatment on copper concentration. Journal American Water Works Association, 101(7), 71–82.
    • (2009) Journal American Water Works Association , vol.101 , Issue.7 , pp. 71-82
    • Schock, M.1    Sandvig, A.2
  • 75
    • 33344476875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of blending ground, surface, and saline waters on lead release in drinking water distribution systems
    • Tang, Z., Hong, S., Xiao, W., & Taylor, J. (2006). Impacts of blending ground, surface, and saline waters on lead release in drinking water distribution systems. Water Research, 40(5), 943–950.
    • (2006) Water Research , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 943-950
    • Tang, Z.1    Hong, S.2    Xiao, W.3    Taylor, J.4
  • 77
    • 84862766457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galvanic corrosion after simulated small-scale partial lead service line replacements
    • Triantafyllidou, S., & Edwards, M. (2011). Galvanic corrosion after simulated small-scale partial lead service line replacements. Journal American Water Works Association, 103(9), 85–99.
    • (2011) Journal American Water Works Association , vol.103 , Issue.9 , pp. 85-99
    • Triantafyllidou, S.1    Edwards, M.2
  • 78
    • 84861045929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead (Pb) in tap water and in blood: implications for lead exposure in the United States
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmvV2qt78%3D
    • Triantafyllidou, S., & Edwards, M. (2012). Lead (Pb) in tap water and in blood: implications for lead exposure in the United States. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 42(13), 1297–1352.
    • (2012) Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology , vol.42 , Issue.13 , pp. 1297-1352
    • Triantafyllidou, S.1    Edwards, M.2
  • 80
    • 84874407220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead (Pb) quantification in potable water samples: implications for regulatory compliance and assessment of human exposure
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXntVWhug%3D%3D
    • Triantafyllidou, S., Nguyen, C. K., Zhang, Y., & Edwards, M. A. (2013). Lead (Pb) quantification in potable water samples: implications for regulatory compliance and assessment of human exposure. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(2), 1355–1365.
    • (2013) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , vol.185 , Issue.2 , pp. 1355-1365
    • Triantafyllidou, S.1    Nguyen, C.K.2    Zhang, Y.3    Edwards, M.A.4
  • 84
    • 0000503831 scopus 로고
    • Safe drinking water act lead and copper rule (LCR)
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1991). Safe drinking water act lead and copper rule (LCR). Federal Register, 56, 26460–26564.
    • (1991) Federal Register , vol.56 , pp. 26460-26564
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency1
  • 86
    • 84958783640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA, O. (2005). Is there lead in my drinking water?. Accessed 1 March 2015
    • US EPA, O. (2005). Is there lead in my drinking water? http://water.epa.gov/drink/info/lead/leadfactsheet.cfm#two. Accessed 1 March 2015.
  • 89
    • 77955515008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase of the concentration of dissolved copper in drinking water systems due to flow-induced nanoparticle release from surface corrosion by-products
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVahtb%2FN
    • Vargas, I. T., Pavissich, J. P., Olivares, T. E., Jeria, G. A., Cienfuegos, R. A., Pasten, P. A., & Pizarro, G. E. (2010). Increase of the concentration of dissolved copper in drinking water systems due to flow-induced nanoparticle release from surface corrosion by-products. Corrosion Science, 52(10), 3492–3503.
    • (2010) Corrosion Science , vol.52 , Issue.10 , pp. 3492-3503
    • Vargas, I.T.1    Pavissich, J.P.2    Olivares, T.E.3    Jeria, G.A.4    Cienfuegos, R.A.5    Pasten, P.A.6    Pizarro, G.E.7
  • 91
    • 84906272580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using a GIS and GIS-assisted water quality model to analyze the deterministic factors for lead and copper corrosion in drinking water distribution systems
    • Wang, Z., Devine, H., Zhang, W., & Waldroup, K. (2014). Using a GIS and GIS-assisted water quality model to analyze the deterministic factors for lead and copper corrosion in drinking water distribution systems. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 140(9), A4014004.
    • (2014) Journal of Environmental Engineering , vol.140 , Issue.9 , pp. A4014004
    • Wang, Z.1    Devine, H.2    Zhang, W.3    Waldroup, K.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.