STAIR-A for Girls: A Pilot Study of a Skills-Based Group for Traumatized Youth in an Urban School Setting

Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 67-79

  Gudiño, Omar G ^a   Leonard, Skyler ^a   Cloitre, Marylene ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DENVER   (United States)

^b VA PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Depression; Interpersonal relations; Locus of control; PTSD; Resilience; Social stress

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; ASSESSMENT OF HUMANS; COGNITION ASSESSMENT; COPING BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MENTAL DISEASE; POST HOC ANALYSIS; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL ADAPTATION; SOCIAL ATTITUDE; SOCIAL STRESS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84958686746     PISSN: 19361521     EISSN: 1936153X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40653-015-0061-0     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Allgulander, C., Dahl, A. A., Austin, C., Morris, P. L., Sogaard, J. A., Fayyad, R., …, & Clary, C. M. (2004). Efficacy of sertraline in a 12-week trial for generalized anxiety disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(9), 1642–1649.
2. American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed, text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
3. American Psychological Association. (2002). Developing adolescents: A reference for professionals. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
4. Bal, S., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Crombez, G., & Van Oost, P. (2005). Predictors of trauma symptomatology in sexually abused adolescents: a 6-month follow-up study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 1390–1405.
5. Barahal, R. M., Waterman, J., & Martin, H. P. (1981). The social cognitive development of abused children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49(4), 508–516.
6. Bolger, K. E., & Patterson, C. J. (2003). Sequelae of child maltreatment: Vulnerability and resilience. In S. S. Luthar (Ed.), Resilience and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversities (pp. 156–181). New York: Cambridge University Press.
7. Breslau, N., Wilcox, H. C., Storr, C. L., Lucia, V. C., & Anthony, J. C. (2004). Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder: a study of youths in urban America. Journal of Urban Health, 81, 530–544.
8. Briere, J. N., & Lanktree, C. B. (2011). Treating complex trauma in adolescents and young adults. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
9. Buka, S. L., Stichick, T. L., Birdthistle, I., & Earls, F. J. (2001). Youth exposure to violence: prevalence, risks, and consequences. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71(3), 298–310. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.71.3.298.
10. Cantrell, P. J., MacIntyre, D. I., Sharkey, K. J., & Thompson, V. (1995). Violence in the marital dyad as a predictor of violence in the peer relationships of older adolescents/young adults. Violence and Victims, 10(1), 35–41.
11. Cicchetti, D., Ackerman, B. P., & Izard, C. E. (1995). Emotions and emotion regulation in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 7(1), 1–10.
12. Cigrang, J. A., Rauch, S. A., Avila, L. L., Bryan, C. J., Goodie, J. L., Hryshko-Mullen, A., & Peterson, A. L. (2011). Treatment of active-duty military with PTSD in primary care: early findings. Psychological Services, 8(2), 104.
13. Cloitre, M., Koenen, K. C., Cohen, L. R., & Han, H. (2002a). Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: a phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(5), 1067–1074. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.70.5.1067.
14. Cloitre, M., Morin, N., & Silva, R. (2002b). The NYU Child and Adolescent Stressors Checklist—Revised (CASC). Unpublished manuscript.
15. Cloitre, M., Miranda, R., Stovall-McClough, K. C., & Han, H. (2005). Beyond PTSD: emotion regulation and interpersonal problems as predictors of functional impairment in chronic PTSD related to childhood abuse. Behavior Therapy, 36, 119–124.
16. Cloitre, M., Cohen, L. R., & Koenen, K. C. (2006). Treating the trauma of childhood abuse: Psychotherapy for the interrupted life. New York: Guilford.
17. Cloitre, M., Stolbach, B. C., Herman, J. L., Kolk, B. V. D., Pynoos, R., Wang, J., & Petkova, E. (2009). A developmental approach to complex PTSD: childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(5), 399–408.
18. Cloitre, M., Stovall-McClough, K., Nooner, K., Zorbas, P., Cherry, S., Jackson, C. L., …, & Petkova, E. (2010). Treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(8), 915–924. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09081247
19. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
20. Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. (2006). Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents. New York: Guilford Press.
21. Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M., …, & Mallah, K. (2005). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 390–398.
22. DeBellis, M. D., Baum, A. S., Birmaher, B., Keshavan, M. S., Eccard, C. H., Boring, A. M., …, & Ryan, N. D. (1999). Developmental traumatology part I: Biological stress systems. Biological Psychiatry, 45(10), 1259–1270.
23. Deblinger, E., Mannarino, A. P., Cohen, J. A., Runyon, M. K., & Steer, R. A. (2011). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children: impact of the trauma narrative and treatment length. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 67–75. doi:10.1002/da.20744.
24. Demaray, M. K., & Malecki, C. K. (2002). The relationship between perceived social support and maladjustment for students at risk. Psychology in the Schools, 39, 305–316. doi:10.1002/pits.10018.
25. DeRosa, R., & Pelcovitz, D. (2008). Group treatment for chronically traumatized adolescents: Igniting SPARCS of change. In D. Brom, R. Pat-Horenczyk, & J. D. Ford (Eds.), Treating traumatized children: Risk, resilience and recovery (pp. 225–239). London: Routledge.
26. Durlak, J. A. (2009). How to select, calculate, and interpret effect sizes. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34(9), 917–28. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsp004.
27. Egeland, B., & Sroufe, L. A. (1981). Attachment and early maltreatment. Child Development, 52, 44–52.
28. Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., Spinrad, T. L., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Reiser, M., …, & Guthrie, I. K. (2001). The relations of regulation and emotionality to children's externalizing and internalizing problem behavior. Child Development, 72(4), 1112–1134.
29. Foa, E. B., Johnson, K. M., Feeny, N. C., & Treadwell, K. R. H. (2001). The child PTSD symptom scale: a preliminary examination of its psychometric properties. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(3), 376–384.
30. Ford, J. D., & Russo, E. (2006). Trauma-focused, present-centered, emotional self-regulation approach to integrated treatment for posttraumatic stress and addiction: trauma adaptive recovery group education and therapy (TARGET). American Journal of Psychotherapy, 60(4), 335–355.
31. Ford, J. D., Steinberg, K. L., Hawke, J., Levine, J., & Zhang, W. (2012). Randomized trial comparison of emotion regulation and relational psychotherapies for PTSD with girls involved in delinquency. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 41(1), 27–37.
32. Haine, R. A., Ayers, T. S., Sandler, I. N., Wolchik, S. A., & Weyer, J. L. (2003). Locus of control and self-esteem as stress-moderators or stress-mediators in parentally bereaved children. Death Studies, 27(7), 619–640.
33. Hankin, B. L., Mermelstein, R., & Roesch, L. (2007). Sex differences in adolescent depression: stress exposure and reactivity models. Child Development, 78, 278–295. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624. 2007.00997.x.
34. Hanson, R. F., Self‐Brown, S., Borntrager, C., Kilpatrick, D. G., Saunders, B. E., Resnick, H. S., & Amstadter, A. (2008). Relations among gender, violence exposure, and mental health: The National Survey of Adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78(3), 313–321.
35. Herman, J. L. (1997). Trauma and recovery. New York: Basic Books.
36. IBM Corp. (2011). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk: IBM Corp.
37. Kamphaus, R. W., & Frick, P. J. (2002). Clinical assessment of children’s personality and behavior. New York: Allyn and Bacon.
38. Keenan, K. (2000). Emotion dysregulation as a risk factor for child psychopathology. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7, 418–434.
39. Kim, J., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(6), 706–716.
40. Kovacs, M. (1992). The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) Manual. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
41. Kushner, M. G., Riggs, D. S., Foa, E. B., & Miller, S. M. (1993). Perceived controllability and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in crime victims. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31(1), 105–110.
42. Lansford, J. E., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., Crozier, J., & Kaplow, J. (2002). A 12-year prospective study of the long-term effects of early child physical maltreatment on psychological, behavioral, and academic problems in adolescence. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 156(8), 824–830.
43. Lau, A. S., Fung, J. J., Ho, L. Y., Liu, L. L., & Gudiño, O. G. (2011). Parent training with high-risk immigrant Chinese families: a pilot group randomized trial yielding practice-based evidence. Behavior Therapy, 42(3), 413–426.
44. Lee, S. J., Detels, R., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., & Duan, N. (2007). The effect of social support on mental and behavioral outcomes among adolescents with parents with HIV/AIDS. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 1820–1826.
45. Levitt, J. T., Malta, L. S., Martin, A., Davis, L., & Cloitre, M. (2007). The flexible application of a manualized treatment for PTSD symptoms and functional impairment related to the 9/11 World Trade Center attack. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1419–1433.
46. Markowitz, J. C., Milrod, B., Bleiberg, K., & Marshall, R. D. (2009). Interpersonal factors in understanding and treating posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 15(2), 133–140.
47. McLaughlin, K. A., Koenen, K. C., Hill, E. D., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2013). Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in a national sample of adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(8), 815–830.e14. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.011.
48. Mullett-Hume, E., Anshel, D., Guevara, V., & Cloitre, M. (2008). Cumulative trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder among children exposed to the 9/11 world trade center attack. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78(1), 103–108. doi:10.1037/00029432.78.1.103.
49. Nooner, K. B., Linares, L. O., Batinjane, J., Kramer, R. A., Silva, R., & Cloitre, M. (2012). Factors related to posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescence. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 13(3), 153–166.
50. Prinstein, M. J., Cheah, C. S. L., & Guyer, A. E. (2005). Peer victimization, cue interpretation, and internalizing symptoms: preliminary concurrent and longitudinal findings for children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 11–24. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3401_2.
51. Resick, P. A., & Schnicke, M. K. (1993). Cognitive processing therapy for rape victims: A treatment manual. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
52. Resick, P. A., Galovski, T. E., Uhlmansiek, M. O., Scher, C. D., Clum, G. A., & Young-Xu, Y. (2008). A randomized clinical trial to dismantle components of cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in female victims of interpersonal violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 243–258. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.243.
53. Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, K. W. (1992). Behavioral assessment system for children. Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing.
54. Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2004). BASC-2: Behavior assessment system for children 2nd edition. Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing.
55. Rotter, J. B. (1990). Internal versus external control of reinforcement: a case history of a variable. American Psychologist, 45(4), 489–493. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.45.4.489.
56. Rudolph, K. D. (2002). Gender differences in emotional responses to interpersonal stress during adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30(4), 3–13. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00383-4.
57. Schiraldi, G. R. (1999). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth. Los Angeles: Lowell House.
58. Scott, S. L., Carper, T. M., Middleton, M., White, R., Renk, K., & Grills-Taquechel, A. (2010). Relationships among locus of control, coping behaviors, and levels of worry following exposure to hurricanes. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 15(2), 123–137.
59. Shipman, K., Zeman, J., Fitzgerald, M., & Swisher, L. M. (2003). Regulating emotion in parent–child and peer relationships: a comparison of sexually maltreated and nonmaltreated girls. Child Maltreatment, 8(3), 163–172.
60. Shipman, K., Edwards, A., Brown, A., Swisher, L., & Jennings, E. (2005). Managing emotion in a maltreating context: a pilot study examining child neglect. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29(9), 1015–1029.
61. Silverman, W. K., Ortiz, C. D., Viswesvaran, C., Burns, B. J., Kolko, D. J., Putnam, F. W., & Amaya-Jackson, L. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37(1), 156–183. doi:10.1080/15374410701818293.
62. Singer, M. I., Anglin, T. M., Song, L. Y., & Lunghofer, L. (1995). Adolescents’ exposure to violence and associated symptoms of psychological trauma. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 273(6), 477–482.
63. Stein, B. D., Jaycox, L. H., Kataoka, S. H., Wong, M., Tu, W., Elliott, M. N., & Fink, A. (2003). A mental health intervention for schoolchildren exposed to violence: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 290(5), 603–611.
64. Trappler, B., & Newville, H. (2007). Trauma healing via cognitive behavior therapy in chronically hospitalized patients. Psychiatric Quarterly, 78(4), 317–325.
65. Zona, K., & Milan, S. (2011). Gender differences in the longitudinal impact of exposure to violence on mental health in urban youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 1674–1690.