Comparing the growth and structure of flocs from electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation

Journal of Water Process Engineering

Volumn 10, Issue , 2016, Pages 20-29

  Lee, Sin Yin ^a   Gagnon, Graham A ^a  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Chemical coagulation; Desalination pre treatment; Electrocoagulation; Floc growth; Floc structure

Indexed keywords

EID: 84956949036     PISSN: 22147144     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2016.01.012     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Gregory J. Particles in Water: Properties and Processes 2006, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, US.
2. Bukhari A.A. Investigation of the electro-coagulation treatment process for the removal of total suspended solids and turbidity from municipal wastewater. Bioresour. Technol. 2008, 99(5):914-921. 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.015.
3. Zodi S., Merzouk B., Potier O., Lapicque F., Leclerc J. Direct red 81 dye removal by a continuous flow electrocoagulation/flotation reactor. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2013, 108:215-222. 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.01.052.
4. El-Naas M.H., Al-Zuhair S., Al-Lobaney A., Makhlouf S. Assessment of electrocoagulation for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater. J. Environ. Manage. 2009, 91(1):180-185.
5. Lee S.Y., Gagnon G.A. Review of the factors relevant to the design and operation of an electrocoagulation system for wastewater treatment. Environ. Rev. 2014, 22(4):421-429.
6. Mollah M.Y.A., Schennach R., Parga J.R., Cocke D.L. Electrocoagulation (EC)-science and applications. J. Hazard. Mater. 2001, B84:29-41.
7. Bagga A., Chellam S., Clifford D.A. Evaluation of iron chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation pretreatment for surface water microfiltration. J. Membr. Sci. 2008, 309(1-2):82-93.
8. Zhu B., Clifford D.A., Chellam S. Comparison of electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation pretreatment for enhanced virus removal using microfiltration membranes. Water Res. 2005, 39(13):3098-3108.
9. Duan J., Gregory J. Coagulation by hydrolysing metal salts. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2003, 100-102:475-502.
10. Jarvis P., Jefferson B., Gregory J., Parsons S.A. A review of floc strength and breakage. Water Res. 2005, 39(14):3121-3137. 10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.022.
11. Spicer P.T., Pratsinis S.E. Shear-induced flocculation: the evolution of floc structure and the shape of the size distribution at steady state. Water Res. 1996, 30(5):1049-1056.
12. Chakraborti R.K., Gardner K.H., Atkinson J.F., Van Benschoten J.E. Changes in fractal dimension during aggregation. Water Res. 2003, 37(4):873-883.
13. Cañizares P., Martínez F., Jiménez C., Sáez C., Rodrigo M.A. Coagulation and electrocoagulation of oil-in-water emulsions. J. Hazard. Mater. 2008, 151(1):44-51. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.043.
14. Harif T., Khai M., Adin A. Electrocoagulation versus chemical coagulation: coagulation/flocculation mechanisms and resulting floc characteristics. Water Res. 2012, 46(10):3177-3188. 10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.034.
15. Edzwald J.K., Haarhoff J. Seawater pretreatment for reverse osmosis: chemistry, contaminants, and coagulation. Water Res. 2011, 45(17):5428-5440. 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.014.
16. Lee K., Tong L.T., Millero F.J., Sabine C.L., Dickson A.G., Goyet C., Key R.M. Global relationships of total alkalinity with salinity and temperature in surface waters of the world's oceans. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33(19). L19605. 10.1029/2006GL027207.
17. Cornelissen A., Burnett M.G., McCall R.D., Goddard D.T. The structure of hydrous flocs prepared by batch and continuous flow water treatment systems and obtained by optical, electron and atomic force microscopy. Water Sci. Technol. 1997, 36(4):41-48.
18. Gregory J. The density of particle aggregates. Water Sci. Technol. 1997, 36(4):1-13.
19. Jarvis P., Jefferson B., Parsons S.A. Breakage, regrowth, and fractal nature of natural organic matter flocs. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39(7):2307-2314. 10.1021/es048854x.
20. Li T., Zhu Z., Wang D., Yao C., Tang H. Characterization of floc size, strength and structure under various coagulation mechanisms. Powder Technol. 2006, 168(2):104-110. 10.1016/j.powtec.2006.07.003.
21. Biggs S., Habgood M., Jameson G.J., Yan Y. Aggregate structures formed via a bridging flocculation mechanism. Chem. Eng. J. 2000, 80(1-3):13-22. 10.1016/S1383-5866(00) 00072-1.
22. Wilén B., Jin B., Lant P. Impacts of structural characteristics on activated sludge floc stability. Water Res. 2003, 37(15):3632-3645. 10.1016/S0043-1354(03) 00291-4.
23. Rattanakawin C., Hogg R. Aggregate size distributions in flocculation. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 2001, 177(2-3):87-98.
24. Jolivet J., Chanéac C., Tronc E. Iron oxide chemistry. from molecular clusters to extended solid networks. Chem. Commun. 2004, 5:481-487. 10.1039/b304532n.
25. Chen X., Chen G., Yue P.L. Investigation on the electrolysis voltage of electrocoagulation. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2002, 57(13):2449-2455.
26. Kusters K.A., Wijers J.G., Thoenes D. Aggregation kinetics of small particles in agitated vessels. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1997, 52(1):107-121.