The density of particle aggregates

Water Science and Technology

Volumn 36, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 1-13

  Gregory, John ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Aggregates; Floc density; Flocculation; Fractal; Light scattering; Permeability; Sedimentation; Size distribution

Indexed keywords

COAGULATION; DENSITY (SPECIFIC GRAVITY); FLOCCULATION; FLOTATION; FRACTALS; LIGHT SCATTERING; MECHANICAL PERMEABILITY; PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; SEDIMENTATION; WATER FILTRATION;

AGGREGATE SIZE DISTRIBUTION;

WATER TREATMENT;

CONFERENCE PAPER; DENSITY; FILTRATION; FLOCCULATION; LIGHT SCATTERING; PARTICLE SIZE; SEDIMENTATION RATE; WATER MANAGEMENT;

EID: 0030833875     PISSN: 02731223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00452-6     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (34)

1. Aubert, C. and Cannell, D.S. (1986). Restructuring of colloidal silica aggregates. Phys. Rev. Lett., 56, 738-741.
2. Bolle et al (1987 Bolle, G., Cametti, C., Codastefano, P. and Tartaglia, P. (1987). Kinetics of salt-induced aggregation in polystyrene latices studied by quasi-elastic light scattering. Phys. Rev. A., 35, 837-841.
3. Chellam, S. and Wiesner, M.R. (1993). Fluid mechanics and fractal aggregates. Wat. Res., 27, 1493-1496.
4. Chen, M. and Russel, W.B. (1991). Characteristics of flocculated silica dispersions. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 141, 564-577.
5. Clark, M.M. and Flora, J.R.V. (1991). Floc restructuring in varied turbulent mixing. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 147, 407-420.
6. Elimelech, M., Gregory, J., Jia, X. and Williams, R.A. (1995). Particle Deposition and Aggregation. Measurement, Modelling and Simulation. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, Chapter 6.
7. Farestam, T. and Niklasson, G.A. (1989). Projection effects in electron micrographs of three-dimensional fractal aggregates: theory and application to gas-evaporated specimens. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 1, 2451-2463.
8. Farrow, J.B. and Warren, L.J. (1993) Measurement of the size of aggregates in suspension. In Coagulation and Flocculation, Theory and Applications. Dobiáš, B (Ed)., Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 391-426.
9. Grant, S.B., Poor, C. and Relle, S. (1996). Scaling theory and solutions for the steady-state coagulation and settling of fractal aggregates in aquatic systems. Colloids and Surfaces A, 107, 155-174.
10. Gregory, J. and Chung, H-J. (1995). Continuous monitoring of flo properties in stirred suspensions. J Water SRT-Aqua, 44, 125-131.
11. Gregory, J. and Nelson, D.W. (1986). Monitoring of aggregates in flowing suspensions. Colloids and Surfaces, 18, 175-188.
12. Han, M. and Lawler, D.F (1992). The (relative) insignificance of G in flocculation. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 84(10), 79-91.
13. Hoekstra, L.L., Vreeker, R. and Agterhof, W.G.M. (1992). Aggregation of nickel hydroxycarbonate studied by light scattering. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 151, 17-25.
14. Jiang, Q. and Logan, B.E. (1996). Fractal dimensions of aggregates from shear devices. J. Am. Water Works. Assoc., 90, 100-113.
15. Kumpel, R.C., Dirican, C. and Hogg, R. (1986). Measurement of agglomerate density in flocculated fine particle suspensions. Particle Science and Technology, 4, 45-59
16. Knocke, W.R. and Kelley, R.T. (1987). Improving heavy metal sludge dewatering characteristics by recycling preformed sludge solids. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 59, 86-91.
17. Knocke, W.R., Dishman, C.M. and Miller, C.F. (1993). Measurement of chemical sludge floc density and implications related to sludge dewatering, Water Environ. Res. 65, 735-743.
18. Lagvankar, A.L. and Gemmell, R.S. (1968). A Size-density Relationship for Flocs. J. Am. Water Works. Assoc., 60, 1040-1046.
19. Lee, D.J., Chen, D.W., Liao, Y.C. and Hsieh, C.C. (1996). On the free-settling test for estimating activated sludge floc density. Wat. Res. 30, 541-550.
20. Lin, M.Y., Lindsay, H.M., Weitz, D.A., Ball, R.C., Klein, R. and Meakin, P. (1989). Universality in colloid aggregation. Nature, 339, 360-362.
21. Meakin, P. (1988). Fractal aggregates. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 28, 249-331
22. Michaels, A.S. and Bolger, J.C. (1962). The plastic flow behavior of flocculated colloidal sediments. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund, 1, 153-162.
23. Rosen, J.M. (1984). A statistical description of coagulation. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 99, 9-19.
24. Schmidt, P.W. (1989). Use of scattering to determine the fractal dimension. In The Fractal Approach to Heterogeneous Chemistry (ed. Avnir, D.), John Wiley, New York, 67-79.
25. Slater, R.W. and Kitchener, J.A. (1966) Characteristics of flocculation of mineral suspensions by polymers. Disc. Faraday Soc., 42, 267-275.
26. Spicer, P.T. and Pratsinis, S.E. (1996). Shear-induced flocculation: the evolution of floc structure and the shape of the size distribution at steady state. Wat. Res., 30, 1049-1056.
27. Swift, D.L. and Friedlander, S.K. (1964). The coagulation of hydrosols by Brownian motion and laminar shear flow. J. Colloid Sci., 19, 621-647.
28. Tambo, N. and Watanabe, Y. (1979). Physical aspects of flocculation. I. The floc density function and aluminium floc., Wat. Res., 13, 409-419.
29. Tence, M., Chevalier, J.P. and Jullien, R. (1986). On the measurement of the fractal dimension of aggregated particles by electron microscopy experimental method, corrections and comparison with numerical models. J. Physique, 47, 1989-1998.
30. Torres, F.E., Russel, W.B. and Schowalter, W.R. (1991a) Floc structure and growth kinetics for rapid shear coagulation of polystyrene colloids. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 142, 554-574.
31. Torres, F.E., Russel, W.B. and Schowalter, W.R. (1991b) Simulations of coagulation in viscous flows. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 145, 51-73.
32. Vold, M.J. (1963). Computer simulation of floc formation in a colloidal sediment. J. Colloid Sci., 18, 684-695.
33. Wiesner, M.R. (1992). Kinetics of aggregate formation in rapid mix. Wat. Res., 26, 379-387.
34. Zrinyi, M., Kabai-Faix, M. and Horkay, F. (1988) On the sediment volume of colloidal aggregates. 1. A fractal approach to the problem. Prog. Colloid & Polymer Sci., 77, 165-170.