메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 645-658

When does self-reported prosocial motivation predict helping? The moderating role of implicit prosocial motivation

Author keywords

Explicit motivation; Helping; Implicit motivation; Motive congruence; Prosocial; Volunteering

Indexed keywords


EID: 84956917414     PISSN: 01467239     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11031-014-9411-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (48)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 0038972796 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of planned helping behavior
    • Amato, P. R. (1985). An investigation of planned helping behavior. Journal of Research in Personality,19, 232–252. doi:10.1016/0092-6566(85)90031-5.
    • (1985) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.19 , pp. 232-252
    • Amato, P.R.1
  • 2
    • 84956870891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helping and volunteering across cultures: Determinants of prosocial behavior. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 5
    • Aydinli, A., Bender, M., & Chasiotis, A. (2013). Helping and volunteering across cultures: Determinants of prosocial behavior. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 5. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol5/iss3/6.
    • (2013) Retrieved from
    • Aydinli, A.1    Bender, M.2    Chasiotis, A.3
  • 3
    • 0002904085 scopus 로고
    • Conditioned automaticity: Varieties of automatic influence in social perception and cognition
    • Uleman JS, Bargh JA, (eds), Guilford, New Yor
    • Bargh, J. A. (1989). Conditioned automaticity: Varieties of automatic influence in social perception and cognition. In J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended thought (pp. 3–51). New York: Guilford.
    • (1989) Unintended thought , pp. 3-51
    • Bargh, J.A.1
  • 5
    • 0242341091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy and altruism
    • Snyder CR, Lopez SL, (eds), Oxford University Press, New York, N
    • Batson, C. D., Ahmad, N., Lishner, D. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). Empathy and altruism. In C. R. Snyder & S. L. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 485–498). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    • (2002) Handbook of positive psychology , pp. 485-498
    • Batson, C.D.1    Ahmad, N.2    Lishner, D.A.3    Tsang, J.4
  • 6
    • 32644489103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striving for unwanted goals: Stress-dependent discrepancies between explicit and implicit achievement motives reduce subjective well-being and increase psychosomatic symptoms
    • PID: 1635136
    • Baumann, N., Kaschel, R., & Kuhl, J. (2005). Striving for unwanted goals: Stress-dependent discrepancies between explicit and implicit achievement motives reduce subjective well-being and increase psychosomatic symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,89, 781–799. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.781.
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 781-799
    • Baumann, N.1    Kaschel, R.2    Kuhl, J.3
  • 7
    • 84920662841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit motives: A look from personality systems interaction theory
    • Schultheiss OC, Brunstein JC, (eds), Oxford University Press, New York, N
    • Baumann, N., Kazén, M., & Kuhl, J. (2010). Implicit motives: A look from personality systems interaction theory. In O. C. Schultheiss & J. C. Brunstein (Eds.), Implicit motives (pp. 375–403). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    • (2010) Implicit motives , pp. 375-403
    • Baumann, N.1    Kazén, M.2    Kuhl, J.3
  • 8
    • 80052507802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeking flow in the achievement domain: The achievement flow motive behind flow experience
    • Baumann, N., & Scheffer, D. (2011). Seeking flow in the achievement domain: The achievement flow motive behind flow experience. Motivation and Emotion,35, 267–284. doi:10.1007/s11031-010-9195-4.
    • (2011) Motivation and Emotion , vol.35 , pp. 267-284
    • Baumann, N.1    Scheffer, D.2
  • 9
    • 78650979271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do conscious thoughts cause behavior?
    • PID: 2112618
    • Baumeister, R. F., Masicampo, E. J., & Vohs, K. D. (2011). Do conscious thoughts cause behavior? Annual Review of Psychology,62, 331–361. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.131126.
    • (2011) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 331-361
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Masicampo, E.J.2    Vohs, K.D.3
  • 10
    • 84993709949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychology as the science of self-reports and finger movements: Whatever happened to actual behavior?
    • Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Funder, D. C. (2007). Psychology as the science of self-reports and finger movements: Whatever happened to actual behavior? Perspectives on Psychological Science,2, 396–403. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00051.x.
    • (2007) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.2 , pp. 396-403
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Vohs, K.D.2    Funder, D.C.3
  • 11
    • 25144495437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit and self-attributed motives to achieve: Two separate but interacting needs
    • PID: 1616205
    • Brunstein, J. C., & Maier, G. W. (2005). Implicit and self-attributed motives to achieve: Two separate but interacting needs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,89, 205–222. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.2.205.
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 205-222
    • Brunstein, J.C.1    Maier, G.W.2
  • 12
    • 21844521539 scopus 로고
    • Some neo-Darwinian decision rules for altruism: Weighing cues for inclusive fitness as a function of the biological importance of the decision
    • Burnstein, E., Crandall, C., & Kitayama, S. (1994). Some neo-Darwinian decision rules for altruism: Weighing cues for inclusive fitness as a function of the biological importance of the decision. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,67, 773–789. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.5.773.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 773-789
    • Burnstein, E.1    Crandall, C.2    Kitayama, S.3
  • 14
    • 14044250115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interplay of traits and motives on volunteering: Agreeableness, extraversion and prosocial value motivation
    • Carlo, G., Okun, M. A., Knight, G. P., & de Guzman, M. R. T. (2005). The interplay of traits and motives on volunteering: Agreeableness, extraversion and prosocial value motivation. Personality and Individual Differences,38, 1293–1305. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.08.012.
    • (2005) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.38 , pp. 1293-1305
    • Carlo, G.1    Okun, M.A.2    Knight, G.P.3    de Guzman, M.R.T.4
  • 15
    • 58249101410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding individual characteristics of adolescents who volunteer
    • Cemalcilar, Z. (2009). Understanding individual characteristics of adolescents who volunteer. Personality and Individual Differences,46, 432–436. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.11.009.
    • (2009) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.46 , pp. 432-436
    • Cemalcilar, Z.1
  • 16
    • 84902331874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood context explains cultural variance in implicit parenting motivation: Results from two studies with six samples from Cameroon
    • Germany, and PR, China. Evolutionary Psycholog
    • Chasiotis, A., Bender, M., & Hofer, J. (2014). Childhood context explains cultural variance in implicit parenting motivation: Results from two studies with six samples from Cameroon, Costa Rica, Germany, and PR China. Evolutionary Psychology.
    • (2014) Costa Rica
    • Chasiotis, A.1    Bender, M.2    Hofer, J.3
  • 17
    • 77951010707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of the independent self: Autobiographical memory as a mediator of false belief understanding and motive orientation in Cameroonian and German preschoolers
    • Chasiotis, A., Bender, M., Kiessling, F., & Hofer, J. (2010). The emergence of the independent self: Autobiographical memory as a mediator of false belief understanding and motive orientation in Cameroonian and German preschoolers. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,41(3), 368–390. doi:10.1177/0022022110361705.
    • (2010) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 368-390
    • Chasiotis, A.1    Bender, M.2    Kiessling, F.3    Hofer, J.4
  • 18
    • 77951007353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When does liking children lead to parenthood? Younger siblings, implicit prosocial power motivation, and explicit love for children predict parenthood across cultures
    • Chasiotis, A., Hofer, J., & Campos, D. (2006). When does liking children lead to parenthood? Younger siblings, implicit prosocial power motivation, and explicit love for children predict parenthood across cultures. Journal of Cultural and Evolutionary Psychology,4, 95–123. doi:10.1556/JCEP.4.2006.2.2.
    • (2006) Journal of Cultural and Evolutionary Psychology , vol.4 , pp. 95-123
    • Chasiotis, A.1    Hofer, J.2    Campos, D.3
  • 19
    • 0002068253 scopus 로고
    • From Jerusalem to Jericho”: A study of situational and dispositional variables in helping behavior
    • Darley, J. M., & Batson, C. D. (1973). “From Jerusalem to Jericho”: A study of situational and dispositional variables in helping behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,27, 100–108. doi:10.1037/h0034449.
    • (1973) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 100-108
    • Darley, J.M.1    Batson, C.D.2
  • 20
    • 0014271055 scopus 로고
    • Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility
    • PID: 564560
    • Darley, J. M., & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,8, 377–383. doi:10.1037/h0025589.
    • (1968) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.8 , pp. 377-383
    • Darley, J.M.1    Latané, B.2
  • 22
    • 0004181580 scopus 로고
    • The division of labor in society. London: MacMillan
    • Durkheim, E. (1984). The division of labor in society. London: MacMillan. (Original work published 1893).
    • (1984) (Original work published , pp. 1893
    • Durkheim, E.1
  • 23
    • 0030194366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individualism–Collectivism: An empirical study of a conceptual issue
    • Fijneman, Y. A., Willemsen, M. E., & Poortinga, Y. H. (1996). Individualism–Collectivism: An empirical study of a conceptual issue. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,27, 381–402. doi:10.1177/0022022196274001.
    • (1996) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 381-402
    • Fijneman, Y.A.1    Willemsen, M.E.2    Poortinga, Y.H.3
  • 24
    • 21344440268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motive, role identity, and prosocial personality as predictors of volunteer activity
    • Finkelstein, M. A., Penner, L. A., & Brannick, M. T. (2005). Motive, role identity, and prosocial personality as predictors of volunteer activity. Social Behavior and Personality,33, 403–418. doi:10.2224/sbp.2005.33.4.403.
    • (2005) Social Behavior and Personality , vol.33 , pp. 403-418
    • Finkelstein, M.A.1    Penner, L.A.2    Brannick, M.T.3
  • 25
    • 34547319607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting private and public helping behaviour by implicit attitudes and the motivation to control prejudiced reactions
    • PID: 1756578
    • Gabriel, U., Banse, R., & Hug, F. (2007). Predicting private and public helping behaviour by implicit attitudes and the motivation to control prejudiced reactions. The British Journal of Social Psychology/The British Psychological Society,46, 365–382. doi:10.1348/014466606X120400.
    • (2007) The British Journal of Social Psychology/The British Psychological Society , vol.46 , pp. 365-382
    • Gabriel, U.1    Banse, R.2    Hug, F.3
  • 27
    • 0029266690 scopus 로고
    • Activation by marginally perceptible (“subliminal”) stimuli: Dissociation of unconscious from conscious cognition
    • Greenwald, A. G., Klinger, M. R., & Schuh, E. S. (1995). Activation by marginally perceptible (“subliminal”) stimuli: Dissociation of unconscious from conscious cognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,117, 22–42. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.124.1.22.
    • (1995) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.117 , pp. 22-42
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Klinger, M.R.2    Schuh, E.S.3
  • 28
    • 0036211478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Get an apprenticeship before school is out: How German adolescents adjust vocational aspirations when getting close to a developmental deadline
    • Heckhausen, J., & Tomasik, M. J. (2002). Get an apprenticeship before school is out: How German adolescents adjust vocational aspirations when getting close to a developmental deadline. Journal of Vocational Behavior,60, 199–219. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2001.1864.
    • (2002) Journal of Vocational Behavior , vol.60 , pp. 199-219
    • Heckhausen, J.1    Tomasik, M.J.2
  • 30
    • 77957298999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is motive-goal congruence in the power domain beneficial for individual well-being? An investigation in a German and two Chinese samples
    • Hofer, J., Busch, H., Bond, M. H., Li, M., & Law, R. (2010). Is motive-goal congruence in the power domain beneficial for individual well-being? An investigation in a German and two Chinese samples. Journal of Research in Personality,44, 610–620. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.08.001.
    • (2010) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.44 , pp. 610-620
    • Hofer, J.1    Busch, H.2    Bond, M.H.3    Li, M.4    Law, R.5
  • 31
    • 38049144192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concern for generativity and its relation to implicit pro-social power motivation, generative goals, and satisfaction with life: A cross-cultural investigation
    • PID: 1818670
    • Hofer, J., Busch, H., Chasiotis, A., Kärtner, J., & Campos, D. (2008). Concern for generativity and its relation to implicit pro-social power motivation, generative goals, and satisfaction with life: A cross-cultural investigation. Journal of Personality,76, 1–30. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00478.x.
    • (2008) Journal of Personality , vol.76 , pp. 1-30
    • Hofer, J.1    Busch, H.2    Chasiotis, A.3    Kärtner, J.4    Campos, D.5
  • 32
    • 0041883080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congruence of life goals and implicit motives as predictors of life satisfaction: Cross-cultural implications of a study of Zambian male adolescents
    • Hofer, J., & Chasiotis, A. (2003). Congruence of life goals and implicit motives as predictors of life satisfaction: Cross-cultural implications of a study of Zambian male adolescents. Motivation and Emotion,27, 251–272. doi:10.1023/A:1025011815778.
    • (2003) Motivation and Emotion , vol.27 , pp. 251-272
    • Hofer, J.1    Chasiotis, A.2
  • 33
    • 84956953941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit motives across cultures. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 4 (pp. 1–14)
    • Hofer, J., & Chasiotis, A. (2011). Implicit motives across cultures. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 4 (pp. 1–14). Retrieved from http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol4/iss1/5.
    • (2011) Retrieved from
    • Hofer, J.1    Chasiotis, A.2
  • 34
    • 33745837849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congruence between social values and implicit motives: Effects on life satisfaction across three cultures
    • Hofer, J., Chasiotis, A., & Campos, D. (2006). Congruence between social values and implicit motives: Effects on life satisfaction across three cultures. European Journal of Personality,20, 305–324.
    • (2006) European Journal of Personality , vol.20 , pp. 305-324
    • Hofer, J.1    Chasiotis, A.2    Campos, D.3
  • 35
    • 27744567127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The measurement of implicit motives in three cultures: Power and affiliation in Cameroon, Costa Rica, and Germany
    • Hofer, J., Chasiotis, A., Friedlmeier, W., Busch, H., & Campos, D. (2005). The measurement of implicit motives in three cultures: Power and affiliation in Cameroon, Costa Rica, and Germany. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,36, 689–716. doi:10.1177/0022022105280510.
    • (2005) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 689-716
    • Hofer, J.1    Chasiotis, A.2    Friedlmeier, W.3    Busch, H.4    Campos, D.5
  • 36
    • 0015308592 scopus 로고
    • Effect of feeling good on helping: Cookies and kindness
    • PID: 506075
    • Isen, A. M., & Levin, P. F. (1972). Effect of feeling good on helping: Cookies and kindness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,21, 384–388. doi:10.1037/h0032317.
    • (1972) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 384-388
    • Isen, A.M.1    Levin, P.F.2
  • 37
    • 0346618979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The volitional basis of personality systems interaction theory: Applications in learning and treatment contexts
    • Kuhl, J. (2000). The volitional basis of personality systems interaction theory: Applications in learning and treatment contexts. International Journal of Educational Research,33(7–8), 665–703. doi:10.1016/S0883-0355(00)00045-8.
    • (2000) International Journal of Educational Research , vol.33 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 665-703
    • Kuhl, J.1
  • 38
    • 33744756359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entwicklungsorientiertes Scanning (EOS). [Development- oriented scanning (EOS)]
    • Rosenstiel LV, Erpenbeck J, (eds), Schäffer-Poeschel, Heidelber
    • Kuhl, J., & Henseler, W. (2003). Entwicklungsorientiertes Scanning (EOS). [Development- oriented scanning (EOS)]. In L. V. Rosenstiel & J. Erpenbeck (Eds.), Handbuch der Kompetenzmessung (pp. 428–453). Heidelberg: Schäffer-Poeschel.
    • (2003) Handbuch der Kompetenzmessung , pp. 428-453
    • Kuhl, J.1    Henseler, W.2
  • 39
    • 0028453294 scopus 로고
    • Self-discrimination and memory: State orientation and false self-ascription of assigned activities
    • PID: 804657
    • Kuhl, J., & Kazén, M. (1994). Self-discrimination and memory: State orientation and false self-ascription of assigned activities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,66, 1103–1115.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 1103-1115
    • Kuhl, J.1    Kazén, M.2
  • 42
    • 15844413405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identity and emergency intervention: How social group membership and inclusiveness of group boundaries shape helping behavior
    • PID: 1574398
    • Levine, M., Prosser, A., Evans, D., & Reicher, S. (2005). Identity and emergency intervention: How social group membership and inclusiveness of group boundaries shape helping behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,31, 443–453. doi:10.1177/0146167204271651.
    • (2005) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.31 , pp. 443-453
    • Levine, M.1    Prosser, A.2    Evans, D.3    Reicher, S.4
  • 43
    • 77951289647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The smell of virtue: Clean scents promote reciprocity and charity
    • Lijlenquist, K., Zhong, C. B., & Galinsky, A. D. (2010). The smell of virtue: Clean scents promote reciprocity and charity. Psychological Science,21, 381–383. doi:10.1177/0956797610361426.
    • (2010) Psychological Science , vol.21 , pp. 381-383
    • Lijlenquist, K.1    Zhong, C.B.2    Galinsky, A.D.3
  • 46
    • 0002452716 scopus 로고
    • Motive dispositions: The merits of operant and respondent measures
    • Wheeler L, (ed), Sage, Beverly Hills, C
    • McClelland, D. C. (1980). Motive dispositions: The merits of operant and respondent measures. In L. Wheeler (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology (pp. 10–41). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    • (1980) Review of personality and social psychology , pp. 10-41
    • McClelland, D.C.1
  • 47
    • 33749286017 scopus 로고
    • How do self-attributed and implicit motives differ?
    • McClelland, D. C., Koestner, R., & Weinberger, J. (1989). How do self-attributed and implicit motives differ? Psychological Review,96, 690–702. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.4.690.
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 690-702
    • McClelland, D.C.1    Koestner, R.2    Weinberger, J.3
  • 48
    • 85047686593 scopus 로고
    • Sources of adult motives in patterns of parent behavior in early childhood
    • McClelland, D. C., & Pilon, D. A. (1983). Sources of adult motives in patterns of parent behavior in early childhood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,44, 564–574. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.3.564.
    • (1983) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 564-574
    • McClelland, D.C.1    Pilon, D.A.2
  • 49
    • 0000345206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social value orientation and helping behavior
    • McClintock, C. G., & Allison, S. T. (2006). Social value orientation and helping behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,19, 353–362. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb00060.x.
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 353-362
    • McClintock, C.G.1    Allison, S.T.2
  • 50
    • 0024985847 scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of social responsibilities in India and in the United States: Moral imperatives or personal decisions?
    • PID: 230807
    • Miller, J. G., Bersoff, D. M., & Harwood, R. L. (1990). Perceptions of social responsibilities in India and in the United States: Moral imperatives or personal decisions? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,58, 33–47. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.1.33.
    • (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.58 , pp. 33-47
    • Miller, J.G.1    Bersoff, D.M.2    Harwood, R.L.3
  • 52
    • 84965567069 scopus 로고
    • Giving in the Kibbutz: Pro-social behavior of city and Kibbutz children as affected by social responsibility and social pressure
    • Nadler, A., Romek, E., & Shapira-Friedman, A. (1979). Giving in the Kibbutz: Pro-social behavior of city and Kibbutz children as affected by social responsibility and social pressure. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,10, 57–72. doi:10.1177/0022022179101004.
    • (1979) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 57-72
    • Nadler, A.1    Romek, E.2    Shapira-Friedman, A.3
  • 53
    • 84925922568 scopus 로고
    • A taxonomy of helping: A multidimensional scaling approach
    • Pearce, P., & Amato, P. R. (1980). A taxonomy of helping: A multidimensional scaling approach. Social Psychology Quarterly,43, 363–371. doi:10.2307/3033956.
    • (1980) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.43 , pp. 363-371
    • Pearce, P.1    Amato, P.R.2
  • 54
    • 0036723563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispositional and organizational influences on sustained volunteerism: An interactionist perspective
    • Penner, L. A. (2002). Dispositional and organizational influences on sustained volunteerism: An interactionist perspective. Journal of Social Issues,58, 447–468. doi:10.1111/1540-4560.00270.
    • (2002) Journal of Social Issues , vol.58 , pp. 447-468
    • Penner, L.A.1
  • 57
    • 34748852552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonconscious influences of religion on prosociality: A priming study
    • Pichon, I., Boccato, G., & Saroglou, V. (2007). Nonconscious influences of religion on prosociality: A priming study. European Journal of Social Psychology,37, 1032–1045. doi:10.1002/ejsp.416.
    • (2007) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 1032-1045
    • Pichon, I.1    Boccato, G.2    Saroglou, V.3
  • 58
    • 0026845940 scopus 로고
    • Understanding implicit memory: A cognitive neuroscience approach
    • PID: 159598
    • Schacter, D. L. (1992). Understanding implicit memory: A cognitive neuroscience approach. American Psychologist,47, 559–569. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.47.4.559.
    • (1992) American Psychologist , vol.47 , pp. 559-569
    • Schacter, D.L.1
  • 59
    • 0346384291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled and automatic human information processing: Part 1. Detection, search, and attention
    • Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1997). Controlled and automatic human information processing: Part 1. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review,84, 1–66. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.84.1.1.
    • (1997) Psychological Review , vol.84 , pp. 1-66
    • Schneider, W.1    Shiffrin, R.M.2
  • 60
    • 57649164729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit motives
    • John OP, Robins RW, Pervin LA, (eds), Guilford, New York, N
    • Schultheiss, O. C. (2008). Implicit motives. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 603–633). New York, NY: Guilford.
    • (2008) Handbook of personality: Theory and research , pp. 603-633
    • Schultheiss, O.C.1
  • 61
    • 0346705951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goal imagery: Bridging the gap between implicit motives and explicit goals
    • Schultheiss, O. C., & Brunstein, J. C. (1999). Goal imagery: Bridging the gap between implicit motives and explicit goals. Journal of Personality,67, 1–38. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00046.
    • (1999) Journal of Personality , vol.67 , pp. 1-38
    • Schultheiss, O.C.1    Brunstein, J.C.2
  • 63
    • 0000898845 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of variance test for normality
    • Shapiro, A. S. S., & Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality. Biometrika Trust,52, 591–611. doi:10.2307/2333709.
    • (1965) Biometrika Trust , vol.52 , pp. 591-611
    • Shapiro, A.S.S.1    Wilk, M.B.2
  • 65
    • 0016537471 scopus 로고
    • Personality correlates of helping behavior
    • PID: 115359
    • Smith, B. M., & Nelson, L. D. (1975). Personality correlates of helping behavior. Psychological Reports,37, 307–310. doi:10.2466/pr0.1975.37.1.307.
    • (1975) Psychological Reports , vol.37 , pp. 307-310
    • Smith, B.M.1    Nelson, L.D.2
  • 66
    • 0001233119 scopus 로고
    • Validity of questionnaire and TAT measures of need for achievement: Two meta-analyses
    • Spangler, W. D. (1992). Validity of questionnaire and TAT measures of need for achievement: Two meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin,112, 140–154.
    • (1992) Psychological Bulletin , vol.112 , pp. 140-154
    • Spangler, W.D.1
  • 67
    • 14644402969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prosocial emotions and helping: The moderating role of group membership
    • PID: 1574044
    • Stürmer, S., Snyder, M., & Omoto, A. M. (2005). Prosocial emotions and helping: The moderating role of group membership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,88, 532–546. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.532.
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 532-546
    • Stürmer, S.1    Snyder, M.2    Omoto, A.M.3
  • 68
    • 49049148708 scopus 로고
    • Self-verification processes: How we sustain our self-conceptions
    • Swann, W. B., Jr, & Read, S. J. (1981). Self-verification processes: How we sustain our self-conceptions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,17, 351–372. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(81)90043-3.
    • (1981) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 351-372
    • Swann, W.B.1    Read, S.J.2
  • 69
    • 79751530143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors that influence the relation between implicit and explicit motives: A general implicit-explicit congruence framework
    • Schultheiss OC, Brunstein JC, (eds), Oxford University Press, New York, N
    • Thrash, T. M., Cassidy, S. E., Maruskin, L. A., & Elliot, A. J. (2010). Factors that influence the relation between implicit and explicit motives: A general implicit-explicit congruence framework. In O. C. Schultheiss & J. C. Brunstein (Eds.), Implicit motives (pp. 308–346). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    • (2010) Implicit motives , pp. 308-346
    • Thrash, T.M.1    Cassidy, S.E.2    Maruskin, L.A.3    Elliot, A.J.4
  • 70
    • 0001644568 scopus 로고
    • How many memory systems are there?
    • Tulving, E. (1985). How many memory systems are there? American Psychologist,40, 385–398. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.40.4.385.
    • (1985) American Psychologist , vol.40 , pp. 385-398
    • Tulving, E.1
  • 71
    • 43249084062 scopus 로고
    • Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment
    • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1983). Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment. Psychological Review,90, 293–315. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.90.4.293.
    • (1983) Psychological Review , vol.90 , pp. 293-315
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 73
    • 0002363749 scopus 로고
    • Measuring personality at a distance: Development of an integrated system for scoring motives in running text
    • Ozer DJ, Healy JM, Stewart AJ, (eds), Jessica Kingsley, Philadelphia, P
    • Winter, D. G. (1991). Measuring personality at a distance: Development of an integrated system for scoring motives in running text. In D. J. Ozer, J. M. Healy, & A. J. Stewart (Eds.), Perspectives in personality: Approaches to understanding lives (pp. 59–89). Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley.
    • (1991) Perspectives in personality: Approaches to understanding lives , pp. 59-89
    • Winter, D.G.1
  • 74
    • 21844498467 scopus 로고
    • Most memorable experiences: Evidence for a link between implicit and explicit motives and social cognitive processes in everyday life
    • Woike, B. A. (1995). Most memorable experiences: Evidence for a link between implicit and explicit motives and social cognitive processes in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,68, 1081–1091. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.6.1081.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 1081-1091
    • Woike, B.A.1
  • 75
    • 42649124628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functional framework for the influence of implicit and explicit motives on autobiographical memory
    • Woike, B. A. (2008). A functional framework for the influence of implicit and explicit motives on autobiographical memory. Personality and Social Psychology Review,2, 99–117. doi:10.1177/1088868308315701.
    • (2008) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.2 , pp. 99-117
    • Woike, B.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.