China’s radical urbanisation and bringing capital and labour together step by step

Urban Growth in Emerging Economies: Lessons from the BRICS

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 55-98

  McGranahan, Gordon ^a   Guoping, Jia ^b   Han, Guoyi ^c   Hoekman, Arie ^d  

^a INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT   (United Kingdom)

^b UNFPA China ^*  (China)

^c STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^d UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84956741035     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781315867878     Document Type: Chapter

References (94)

1. Au, C.-C., and J. V. Henderson. 2006a. Are Chinese cities too small? Review of Economic Studies73(3): 549-76.
2. Au, C.-C., and J. V. Henderson. 2006b. How migration restrictions limit agglomeration and productivity in China. Journal of Development Economics80(2): 350-88.
3. Bingqin, L., and M. Duda. 2010. Employers as landlords for rural-to-urban migrants in Chinese cities. Environment and Urbanization22(1): 13-31.
4. Bosker, M., S. Brakman, H. Garretsen, and M. Schramm. 2012. Relaxing Hukou: Increased labor mobility and China’s economic geography. Journal of Urban Economics72(2-3): 252-66.
5. Cai, Y. 2013. China’s new demographic reality: Learning from the 2010 census. Population and Development Review39(3): 371-96.
6. Cao, G., C. Feng, and R. Tao. 2008. Local ‘land finance’ in China’s urban expansion: Challenges and solutions. China & World Economy16(2): 19-30.
7. Cary, E. O. 2011. Explaining overheating in China through institutional analysis (1992-2010). Asian Survey51(3): 540-58.
8. Chan, C. K., and X. Yao. 2008. Air pollution in mega cities in China. Atmospheric Environment42(1): 1-42.
9. Chan, K. W., and W. Buckingham. 2008. Is China abolishing the Hukou system? China Quarterly (195): 582-606.
10. Chan, K. W., and W. Buckingham and Y. Hu. 2003. Urbanization in China in the 1990s: New definition, different series, and revised trends. The China Review3(2): 49-71.
11. Chang, G. H. 2004. China’s urbanization lag and its economic costs. In A. Chen, G. G. Liu, and K. H. Zhang, eds. Urbanization and Social Welfare in China, pp. 167-79. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing.
12. Chang, G. H. and J. C. Brada. 2006. The paradox of China’s growing under-urbanization. Economic Systems30(1): 24-40.
13. Chen, J. 2007. Rapid urbanization in China: A real challenge to soil protection and food security. Catena69(1): 1-15.
14. Chen, M., W. Liu, and X. Tao. 2013. Evolution and assessment on China’s urbanization 1960-2010: Under-urbanization or over-urbanization? Habitat International38: 25-33.
15. China State Statistics Bureau. 1982. 1982 Population Census of China One Percent Households Sampling Book, Beijing: China Statistical Press.
16. Cook, I. G., C. Gu, and H. Halsall. 2013. China’s low income urban housing. Asian Social Science9(3): 7-17.
17. Demurger, S., J. D. Sachs, W. T. Woo, S. Bao, and G. Chang. 2002. The relative contributions of location and preferential policies in China’s regional development: Being in the right place and having the right incentives. China Economic Review13(4): 444-65.
18. Dhakal, S. 2009. Urban energy use and carbon emissions from cities in China and policy implications. Energy Policy37(11): 4208-19.
19. Ding, C., and E. Lichtenberg. 2011. Land and urban economic growth in China. Journal of Regional Science51(2): 299-317.
20. Ding, C., and X. Zhao. 2011. Assessment of urban spatial-growth patterns in China during rapid urbanization. Chinese Economy44(1): 46-71.
21. Duan, C. 2013. Personal communication of calculation for this chapter, from the Director of the Research Centre for Population and Development, Renmin University of China.
22. Duda, M., and B. Li. 2008. Housing inequality in Chinese cities: How important is hukou? Land Lines (January): 14-19.
23. Easterlin, R. A., R. Morgan, M. Switek, and F. Wang. 2012. China’s life satisfaction, 1990-2010. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America109(25): 9775-80.
24. The Economic ObserverOnline. 2013. State Council to move on hukou reform. Available at: http://www.eeo.com.cn/ens/2013/0627/245785.shtml [accessed on 27 June 2013].
25. Fang, W. Forthcoming. Urbanization in China: Characteristics and prospects. Beijing: UNFPA China-supported research.
26. Fischer, A. M. 2012. Provincial migration in China: Preliminary insights from the 2010 population census. ISS Working Paper Series Vol. 541. The Hague: International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University.
27. Funke, M., and H. Yu. 2011. The emergence and spatial distribution of Chinese seaport cities. China Economic Review22(2): 196-209.
28. Gao, L. 2010. Achievements and challenges: 30 years of housing reforms in the People’s Republic of China. ADB Economics Working Paper Series No. 198. Manila: Asian Development Bank.
29. Ge, W. 1999. Special economic zones and the opening of the Chinese economy: Some lessons for economic liberalization. World Development27(7): 1267-85.
30. He, Y. 2013. Unpublished report. Beijing: State Council Development Research Centre.
31. Hsing, Y.-T. 2012. No crisis in China? The rise of China’s social crisis. In M. Castells, J. M. G. Caraça, and G. Cardoso, eds. Aftermath: The cultures of the economic crisis, pp. 251-77. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
32. Hsing, Y.-T. 2010. The great urban transformation: Politics of land and property in China. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
33. Hu, F., Z. Xu, and Y. Chen. 2011. Circular migration, or permanent stay? Evidence from China’s rural-urban migration. China Economic Review22(1): 64-74.
34. Hu, J. 2007. Hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and strive for new victories in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Speech to the 17th Party Congress of the Communist Party of China. Available at: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-10/24/content_6938749.htm [accessed on 12 October 2013].
35. Huang, Y. 2008. Capitalism with Chinese characteristics: Entrepreneurship and the state. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
36. Jin, H., Y. Qian, and B. R. Weingast. 2005. Regional decentralization and fiscal incentives: Federalism, Chinese style. Journal of Public Economics89(9-10): 1719-42.
37. Johnson, I. 2013. China’s great uprooting: Moving 250 million into cities. New York Times [online], 15 June. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/world/asia/chinas-great-uprooting-moving-250-million-into-cities.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 [accessed on 15 June 2013].
38. Kanbur, R., and X. Zhang. 2005. Fifty years of regional inequality in China: A journey through central planning reform and openness. Review of Development Economics9(1): 87-106.
39. Kirkby, R. J. R. 1985. Urbanisation in China: Town and country in a developing economy, 1949-2000 AD. London: Croom Helm.
40. Knight, J., and S. Ding. 2012. China’s remarkable economic growth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
41. Knight, J., and R. Gunatilaka. 2010a. Great expectations? The subjective well-being of rural-urban migrants in China. World Development38(1): 113-24.
42. Knight, J., and R. Gunatilaka. 2010b. The rural-urban divide in China: Income but not happiness? Journal of Development Studies46(3): 506-34.
43. Lavely, W. M. 2001. First impressions from the 2000 census of China. Population and Development Review27(4): 755-69.
44. Li, B., and Y. Zhang. 2011. Housing provision for rural-urban migrant workers in Chinese cities: The roles of the state, employers and the market. Social Policy & Administration45(6): 694-713.
45. Li, H., and L.-A. Zhou. 2005. Political turnover and economic performance: The incentive role of personnel control in China. Journal of Public Economics89(9-10): 1743-62.
46. Li, L. 2011. The incentive role of creating ‘cities’ in China. China Economic Review22(1): 172-81.
47. Lin, G. C. S. 2009. Developing China: Land, politics and social conditions. London: Routledge.
48. Lin, J. Y. 2011. Demystifying the Chinese economy. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
49. Litwack, J. M., and Y. Qian. 1998. Balanced or unbalanced development: Special economic zones as catalysts for transition. Journal of Comparative Economics26(1): 117-41.
50. Liu, Y., S. He, and W. U. Fulong. 2008. Urban pauperization under China’s social exclusion: A case study of Nanjing. Journal of Urban Affairs30(1): 21-36.
51. Logan, J. R., Y. Fang, and Z. Zhang. 2009. Access to housing in urban China. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research33(4): 914-35.
52. Man, J. Y., S. Zheng, and R. Ren. 2011. Housing policy and housing markets: Trends, patterns, and affordability. In J. Y. Man, ed., China’s housing reform and outcomes. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
53. McGee, T. G., G. C. S. Lin, M. Wang, A. Marton, and J. Wu. 2007. China’s urban space: Development under market socialism. London: Routledge.
54. McGranahan, G., D. Balk, and B. Anderson. 2007. The rising tide: Assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones. Environment and Urbanization19(1): 17-37.
55. McGranahan, G., and C. Tacoli. 2006. Rural-urban migration in China: Policy options for economic growth, environmental sustainability and equity. Human Settlements Working Paper Series Rural-Urban Interactions and Livelihood Strategies No. 12. London: International Institute for Environment and Development.
56. Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. 2011. China civil affairs statistical yearbook 2011. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
57. Montalvo, J. G., and M. Ravallion. 2010. The pattern of growth and poverty reduction in China. Journal of Comparative Economics38(1): 2-16.
58. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2012. Statistical communique on national economic and social development of the People’s Republic of China. Available at: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/ndtjgb/qgndtjgb/t20120222_402786440.htm [last accessed on 3 October 2013].
59. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2011a. China statistical yearbook 2011. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
60. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2011b. Statistical Communique on national economic and social development of the People’s Republic of China. Available at: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/ndtjgb/qgndtjgb/t20130221_402874525.htm [last accessed on 3 October 2013].
61. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2010a. Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the People’s Republic of China [online]. Beijing: China Statistics Press. Available at: http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/statisti caldata/censusdata/rkpc2010/indexce.htm [accessed on 26 August 2013].
62. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2010b. China statistical yearbook 2010. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
63. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2000. China statistical yearbook 2000. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
64. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 1996. China statistical yearbook 1996. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
65. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 1990. China statistical yearbook 1990. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
66. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 1985. China statistical yearbook 1985. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
67. Naughton, B. 2007. The Chinese economy: transitions and growth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
68. OECD. 2013. OECD economic surveys: China 2013. Paris: OECD Publishing.
69. Solinger, D. J. 2013. Streets as suspect: State skepticism and the current losers in urban China. Critical Asian Studies45(1): 3-26.
70. Solinger, D. J. 2006. The creation of a new underclass in China and its implications. Environment and Urbanization18(1): 177-93.
71. Standing, J. 2013. China premier calls for ‘human focus’ to urbanization plan. [online]. Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/08/us-china-economy-urbani sation-idUSBRE98702K20130908 [accessed on 26 September 2013].
72. Sutherland, D., and S. Yao. 2011. Income inequality in China over 30 years of reforms. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society4(1): 91-105.
73. Tan, R., F. Qu, N. Heerink, and E. Mettepenningen. 2011. Rural to urban land conversion in China-How large is the over-conversion and what are its welfare implications? China Economic Review22(4): 474-84.
74. United Nations. 2012. World urbanization prospects: The 2011 revision (POP/DB/WUP/Rev.2007). New York: Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations.
75. Walter, C. E., and F. J. T. Howie. 2012. Red capitalism: The fragile financial foundation of China’s extraordinary rise. Rev. ed. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons (Asia).
76. Wang, F.-L. 2005. Organizing through division and exclusion: China’s hukou system. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
77. Wang, F.-L. 2004. Reformed migration control and new targeted people: China’s hukou system in the 2000s. China Quarterly177: 115-32.
78. Wang, X. 2011. The route of urbanisation in China from an international perspective. In J. Golley, and L. Song, eds. Rising China: Global challenges and opportunities, pp. 315-27. Canberra: ANU Press.
79. Wang, Y. P., Y. Wang, and J. Wu. 2009. Urbanization and informal development in China: Urban villages in Shenzhen. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research33(4): 957-73.
80. Whalley, J., and S. Zhang. 2007. A numerical simulation analysis of (Hukou) labour mobility restrictions in China. Journal of Development Economics83(2): 392-410.
81. World Bank. 2013. World Development Indicators (online). Available from: http://data. worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators [accessed on 2 August 2013].
82. Wu, F., and C. Webster, eds. 2010. Marginalization in urban China: Comparative perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
83. Wu, W. 2004. Sources of migrant housing disadvantage in urban China. Environment and Planning A36, 1285-304.
84. Wu, W. and P. R. Gaubatz. 2012. The Chinese city. London: Routledge.
85. Wu, X. 2013. Household registration, population migration and urbanization in China: Evidence from the 2010 Population census. Powerpoint supported by personal communication with Xiaogang Wu, Center for Applied Social and Economic Research, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology.
86. Yang, D. T. 2002. What has caused regional inequality in China. China Economic Review13(4): 331-34.
87. Yeh, A. G. O., J. Xu, and K. Liu. 2011. China’s post-reform urbanization: Retrospect, policies and trends. Urbanization and Emerging Population Issues Series No. 5. London and New York: IIED and UNFPA.
88. Yixing, Z., and L. J. C. Ma. 2003. China’s urbanization levels: Reconstructing a baseline from the fifth population census. China Quarterly173: 176-96.
89. Yueh, L. 2013. China’s growth: The making of an economic superpower. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
90. Zhan, S. 2011. What determines migrant workers’ life chances in contemporary China? Hukou, social exclusion, and the market. Modern China37(3): 243-85.
91. Zhang, H. 2010. The Hukou system’s constraints on migrant workers’ job mobility in Chinese cities. China Economic Review21(1): 51-64.
92. Zhang, L. 2012. Economic migration and urban citizenship in China: The role of points systems. Population and Development Review38(3): 503-33.
93. Zhang, M., C. J. Zhu, and C. Nyland. 2012. The institution of hukou-based social exclusion: A unique institution reshaping the characteristics of contemporary urban China. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. Early online version available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2012.01185.x/abstract [accessed 11 October 2013].
94. Zhu, H., T. Mu, C. Eoyang, H. Wang, and B. Bei. 2011. Hukou reform: A mid to long term goal, picking up pace. Goldman Sachs Equity Research.