Ring of impact from the mega-urbanization of Beijing between 2000 and 2009

Journal of Geophysical Research

Volumn 120, Issue 12, 2015, Pages 5740-5756

  Jacobson, Mark Z ^a   Nghiem, Son V ^b   Sorichetta, Alessandro ^c   Whitney, Natasha ^a  

^a Stanford University   (United States)

^b CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; AIR TEMPERATURE; DATA SET; EMISSION INVENTORY; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; KINETIC ENERGY; LAND COVER; NITROGEN OXIDES; OZONE; PARTICULATE MATTER; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; ROAD; SATELLITE DATA; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; SURFACE AREA; URBANIZATION;

BEIJING [CHINA]; CHINA;

EID: 84955644383     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: 21562202     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2014JD023008     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Ackerman, T. P., and O. B. Toon (1981), Absorption of visible radiation in atmosphere containing mixtures of absorbing and nonabsorbing particles, Appl. Optics, 20, 3661–3667.
2. Arakawa, A., and V. R. Lamb (1981), A potential enstrophy and energy conserving scheme for the shallow water equations, Mon. Weather Rev., 109, 18–36.
3. Bornstein, R. D., and Q. Lin (2000), Urban heat islands and summertime convective thunderstorms in Atlanta: Three case studies, Atmos. Environ., 34, 507–516.
4. Changnon, S. A., Jr. (1981), METROMEX: A Review and Summary, Meteorol. Monogr., vol. 40, 181 pp., Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston.
5. Chylek, P., V. Ramaswamy, and R. J. Cheng (1984), Effect of graphitic carbon on the albedo of clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3076–3084.
6. Clarke, L., J. Edmonds, H. Jacoby, H. Pitcher, J. Reilly, and R. Richels (2007), Scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric concentrations, Sub-report 2.1A of Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1 by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, 154 pp., Department of Energy, Office of Biological & Environmental Research, Washington, D. C. [Available at http://tntcat.iiasa.ac.at:8787/RcpDb/dsd?Action=htmlpage&page=compare, Accessed February 4, 2014.]
7. Dobson, J. E., E. A. Bright, P. R. Coleman, R. C. Durfee, and B. A. Worley (2000), LandScan: A global population database for estimating populations at risk, Photogramm. Eng. Rem. Sens., 66(7), 849–857.
8. European Commission Joint Research Centre/Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL) (2014), Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR). [Available at http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/datasets_grid_list42FT2010.php#d, Accessed March 4, 2014.]
9. Flanagin, A., and M. Metzger (2008), The credibility of volunteered geographic information, GeoJournal, 72(3–4), 137–148, doi:10.1007/s10708-008-9188-y.
10. Global Forecast System (2013), 1° × 1° reanalysis fields. [Available at http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/data/gfs-avn-hi/, Accessed September 14, 2013.]
11. Girres, J. F., and G. Touya (2010), Quality assessment of the French OpenStreetMap dataset, Trans. GIS, 14, 435–459.
12. Goodchild, M. F. (2007), Citizens as sensors: The world of volunteered geography, GeoJournal, 69(4), 211–221, doi:10.1007/s10708-007-9111-y.
13. Haklay, M. (2010), How good is OpenStreetMap information: A comparative study of OpenStreetMap and Ordnance Survey datasets for London and the rest of England, Environ. Plann. B, 37, 682–703.
14. He, C., N. Okada, Q. Zhang, P. Shia, and J. Zhang (2006), Modeling urban expansion scenarios by coupling cellular automata model and system dynamic model in Beijing China, Appl. Geogr., 26, 323–345.
15. Howard, L. (1833), The Climate of London, vol. 1–3, W. Phillips, London.
16. International Organization for Standardization (2013), Data quality ISO19157:2013, International Organization for Standardization. [Available at http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=32575, Accessed 7 November 2014.]
17. Jacobson, M. Z. (2001a), GATOR-GCMM: A global through urban scale air pollution and weather forecast model. 1. Model design and treatment of subgrid soil, vegetation, roads, rooftops, water, sea ice, and snow, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 5385–5402, doi:10.1029/2000JD900560.
18. Jacobson, M. Z. (2001b), GATOR-GCMM: 2. A study of day- and nighttime ozone layers aloft, ozone in national parks, and weather during the SARMAP Field Campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 5403–5420, doi:10.1029/2000JD900559.
19. Jacobson, M. Z. (2002), Analysis of aerosol interactions with numerical techniques for solving coagulation, nucleation, condensation, dissolution, and reversible chemistry among multiple size distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D19), 4366, doi:10.1029/2001JD002044.
20. Jacobson, M. Z. (2003), Development of mixed-phase clouds from multiple aerosol size distributions and the effect of the clouds on aerosol removal, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 4245, doi:10.1029/2002JD002691.
21. Jacobson, M. Z. (2005a), A refined method of parameterizing absorption coefficients among multiple gases simultaneously from line-by-line data, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 506–517.
22. Jacobson, M. Z. (2005b), Studying ocean acidification with conservative, stable numerical schemes for nonequilibrium air-ocean exchange and ocean equilibrium chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D07302, doi:10.1029/2004JD005220.
23. 2 domes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 2497–2502, doi:10.1021/es903018m.
24. Jacobson, M. Z. (2012), Investigating cloud absorption effects: Global absorption properties of black carbon, tar balls, and soil dust in clouds and aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D06205, doi:10.1029/2011JD017218.
25. Jacobson, M. Z., and D. G. Streets (2009), The influence of future anthropogenic emissions on climate, natural emissions, and air quality, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D08118, doi:10.1029/2008JD011476.
26. Jacobson, M. Z., and J. E. Ten Hoeve (2012), Effects of urban surfaces and white roofs on global and regional climate, J. Clim., 25, 1028–1044, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00032.1.
27. Jacobson, M. Z., Y. J. Kaufmann, and Y. Rudich (2007), Examining feedbacks of aerosols to urban climate with a model that treats 3-D clouds with aerosol inclusions, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24205, doi:10.1029/2007JD008922.
28. Jauregui, E., and E. Romales (1996), Urban effects on convective precipitation in Mexico City, Atmos. Environ., 30, 3383–3389.
29. Jones, P. D., P. Ya, M. Groisman, M. Coughlan, N. Plummer, W. C. Wang, and T. R. Karl (1990), Assessment of urbanization effects in time series of surface air temperature over land, Nature, 347, 169–172.
30. Ketefian, G. S., and M. Z. Jacobson (2009), A mass, energy, vorticity, and potential enstrophy conserving boundary treatment scheme for the shallow water equations, J. Comp. Phys., 228, 1–32, doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2008.08.009.
31. Koukoletsos, T., M. Haklay, and C. Ellul (2012), Assessing data completeness of VGI through an automated matching procedure for linear data, Trans. GIS, 16, 477–498.
32. Kressler, F., and K. Steinnocher (1996), Change detection in urban areas using satellite data and spectral mixture analysis, Int. Arch. Photogram. Rem. Sens., 31, 379–383.
33. Kuang, W., Y. Dou, C. Zhang, W. Chi, A. Liu, Y. Liu, R. Zhang, and J. Liu (2015), Quantifying the heat flux regulation of metropolitan land use/land cover components by coupling remote sensing modeling with in situ measurement, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 113–130, doi:10.1002/2014JD022249.
34. Li, C. C., J. Wang, L. Wang, L. Y. Hu, and P. Gong (2014), Comparison of classification algorithms and training sample sizes in urban land classification with Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, Rem. Sens., 6, 964–983.
35. Lu, R., and R. P. Turco (1995), Air pollutant transport in a coastal environment: II. Three-dimensional simulations over Los Angeles basin, Atmos. Environ., 29, 1499–1518.
36. Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada (1982), Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 20, 851–873.
37. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer/USGS (2007), Terra plus Aqua Combined Albedo 16-Day L3 Global 0.05° CMG V4 data. [Available at https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/lpdaac/products/modis_products_table/brdf_albedo_model_parameters/16_day_l3_0_05deg_cmg/mcd43c1, Accessed 2007.]
38. Nakayama, Y., K. I. Ohshima, and Y. Fukamachi (2012), Enhancement of sea ice drift due to the dynamical interaction between sea ice and a coastal ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 42, 179–192.
39. Neis, P., and D. Zielstra (2014), Recent developments and future trends in volunteered geographic information research: The case of OpenStreetMap, Future Internet, 6, 76–106, doi:10.3390/fi6010076.
40. Neis, P., M. Goetz, and A. Zipf (2012a), Towards automatic vandalism detection in OpenStreetMap, ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 1, 315–332.
41. Neis, P., D. Zielstra, and A. Zipf (2012b), The street network evolution of crowd-sourced maps: OpenStreetMap in Germany 2007–2011, Future Internet, 4, 1–21.
42. Nghiem, S. V., D. Balk, E. Rodriguez, G. Neumann, A. Sorichetta, C. Small, and C. D. Elvidge (2009), Observations of urban and suburban environments with global satellite scatterometer data, ISPRS J. Photogram. Rem. Sens., 64, 367–380, doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2009.01.004.
43. Nghiem, S. V., A. Sorichetta, C. D. Elvidge, C. Small, D. Balk, U. Deichmann, and G. Neumann (2014), Remote sensing of urban environments— The Beijing case study, in Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, edited by E. Njoku, pp. 869–878, Springer, New York, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London.
44. Niyogi, D., T. Holt, S. Zhong, P. C. Pyle, and J. Basara (2006), Urban and land surface effects on the 30 July 2003 mesoscale convective system event observed in the southern Great Plains, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D19107, doi:10.1029/2005JD006746.
45. Oke, T. R. (1982), The energetic basis of the urban heat island, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 108, 1–24.
46. Oleson, K. W., G. B. Bonan, J. Feddema, and T. Jackson (2011), An examination of urban heat island characteristics in a global climate model, Int. J. Climatol., 31(12), 1848–1865, doi:10.1002/joc.220.
47. Peterson, T. C. (2003), Assessment of urban versus rural in situ surface temperatures in the contiguous United States: No difference found, J. Clim., 16, 2941–2959.
48. Pon, B. (1999), Pavement albedo, heat island group. [Available at http://heatisland.lbl.gov/Pavements/Albedo/.]
49. QuikSCAT Mission (2014), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. [Available at https://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/quikscat/, Accessed September 2, 2014.]
50. Santini, M., A. Taramelli, and A. Sorichetta (2010), ASPHAA: A GIS-based algorithm to calculate cell area on a latitude-longitude (geographic) regular grid, Trans. GIS, 14(3), 351–377, doi:10.1111/j.1467-9671.2010.01200.x.
51. Sarrat, C., A. Lemonsu, V. Masson, and D. Guedalla (2006), Impact of urban heat island on regional atmospheric pollution, Atmos. Environ., 40, 1743–1758.
52. Schaaf, C., et al. (2002), First operational BRDF, albedo nadir reflectance products from MODIS, Remote Sens. Environ., 83, 135–148.
53. Shem, W., and M. Shepherd (2009), On the impact of urbanization on summertime thunderstorms in Atlanta: Two numerical model case studies, Atmos. Res., 92, 172–189.
54. Small, C. (2005), A global analysis of urban reflectance, Int. J. Rem. Sens., 26, 661–681.
55. Song, W., and G. Sun (2010), The role of mobile volunteered geographic information in urban management, in 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics, edited by Y. Liu and A. Chen, pp. 1–5, Liaoning Tech. Univ., Fuxin, China.
56. Song, X., J. Zhang, A. AghaKouchak, S. Sen Roy, Y. Xuan, G. Wang, R. He, X. Wang, and C. Liu (2014), Rapid urbanization and changes in spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation in Beijing metropolitan area, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 11,250–11,271, doi:10.1002/2014JD022084.
57. Sorichetta, A., S. V. Nghiem, M. Masetti, A. Richter, C. Linard, A. E. Gaughan, F. R. Stevens, and A. J. Tatem (2014), China mega-urbanization in the 2000s and its environmental impact, paper presented at Urbanization and Development in China, Univ. of Southampton, U. K., 30 - 31 Oct.
58. Stevenazzi, S., M. Masetti, S. V. Nghiem, and A. Sorichetta (2015), Groundwater vulnerability maps derived from time dependent method using satellite scatterometer data, Hydrogeol. J., 23, 631–647, doi:10.1007/s10040-015-1236-3.
59. Toon, O. B., C. P. McKay, T. P. Ackerman, and K. Santhanam (1989), Rapid calculation of radiative heating rates and photodissociation rates in inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,287–16,301, doi:10.1029/JD094iD13p16287.
60. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014), World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/352), United Nations, New York.
61. United States Geological Survey (USGS) (2006), Land cover type yearly L3 global 500 m V5 data, processed to 0.01°. [Available at https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/.]
62. Velazquez-Lozada, A., J. E. Gonzalez, and A. Winter (2005), Urban heat island effect analysis for San Juan, Puerto Rico, Atmos. Environ., 40, 1731–1741.
63. Walcek, C. J. (2000), Minor flux adjustment near mixing ratio extremes for simplified yet highly accurate monotonic calculation of tracer advection, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D7), 9335–9348, doi:10.1029/1999JD901142.
64. Wang, J., J. Feng, Z. Yan, Y. Hu, and J. Gia (2012a), Nested high-resolution modeling of the impact of urbanization on regional climate in three vast urban agglomerations in China, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D21103, doi:10.1029/2012JD018226.
65. Wang, L., et al. (2012b), China’s urban expansion from 1990 to 2010 determined with satellite remote sensing, Chinese Sci. Bull., 57(22), 2802–2812, doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5235-7.
66. Wang, M., Q. Li, Q. Hu, and M. Zhou (2013), Quality analysis of Open Street Map data, paper presented at the 8th International Symposium on Spatial Data Quality, Hong Kong, China.
67. Weng, Q., X. Hu, and H. Liu (2009), Estimating impervious surfaces using linear spectral mixture analysis with multitemporal ASTER images, Int. J. Rem. Sens., 30, 4807–4830.
68. Wikipedia (2014), Geography of Beijing. [Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Beijing, Accessed September 25, 2013.]
69. Will, J. (2014), Development of an automated matching algorithm to assess the quality of the OpenStreetMap road network—A case study in Göteborg, Sweden, M.S. thesis, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University.
70. World Bank and the Development Research Center of the State Council, P. R. China (2014), Urban China: Toward Efficient, Inclusive, and Sustainable Urbanization, World Bank, Washington, D. C.
71. Xie, Y., C. Fang, G. C. S. Lin, H. Gong, and B. Qiao (2007), Tempo-spatial patterns of land use changes and urban development in globalizing China: A study of Beijing, Sensors, 7, 2881–2096.
72. Yang, L., F. Tian, J. A. Smith, et al. (2014), Urban signatures in the spatial clustering of summer heavy rainfall events over the Beijing metropolitan region, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 1203–1217, doi:10.1002/2013JD020762.
73. Zhang, C. L., F. Chen, S. G. Miao, Q. C. Li, X. A. Xia, and C. Y. Xuan (2009), Impacts of urban expansion and future green planting on summer precipitation in the Beijing metropolitan area, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D02116, doi:10.1029/2008JD010328.
74. Zhang, Q., C. Schaaf, and K. C. Seto (2013), The vegetation adjusted NTL urban index: A new approach to reduce saturation and increase variation in nighttime luminosity, Remote Sens. Environ., 129, 32–41.
75. Zheng S. D., and J. H. Zheng (2014), Assessing the completeness and positional accuracy of OpenStreetMap in China, in Thematic Cartography for the Society, Lecture, Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, edited by T. Bandrova, et al., Springer International, Switzerland, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08180-9_14.
76. Zielstra, D., and H. H. Hochmair (2011), A comparative study of pedestrian accessibility to transit stations using free and proprietary network data, Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board, 2217, 145–152.
77. Zielstra, D., and A. Zipf (2010), A comparative study of proprietary geodata and volunteered geographic information for Germany, paper presented at the 13th AGILE international conference on geographic information science, Guimarães, Portugal.
78. Zielstra, D., H. H. Hochmair, and P. Neis (2013), Assessing the effect of data imports on the completeness of OpenStreetMap—A United States case study, Trans. GIS, 17, 315–334.