Optically induced mode splitting in self-assembled, high quality-factor conjugated polymer microcavities

Scientific Reports

Volumn 6, Issue , 2016, Pages

  Braam, Daniel ^a   Kushida, Soh ^b   Niemöller, Robert ^a   Prinz, Günther M ^a   Saito, Hitoshi ^b   Kanbara, Takaki ^b   Kuwabara, Junpei ^b   Yamamoto, Yohei ^b   Lorke, Axel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUISBURG ESSEN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84955596897     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep19635     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Liang, W. et al. Whispering-gallery-mode-resonator-based ultranarrow linewidth external-cavity semiconductor laser. Opt. Lett. 35, 2822-2824 (2010).
2. Engin, E. et al. Photon pair generation in a silicon micro-ring resonator with reverse bias enhancement. Opt. Express 21, 27826-27834 (2013).
3. Arnold, S., Khoshsima, M., Teraoka, I., Holler, S. & Vollmer, F. Shift of whispering-gallery modes in microspheres by protein adsorption. Opt. Lett. 28, 272-274 (2003).
4. Zhu, J. G. et al. On-chip single nanoparticle detection and sizing by mode splitting in an ultrahigh-q microresonator. Nature Photon. 4, 46-49 (2010).
5. Tabata, K. et al. Self-assembled conjugated polymer spheres as fluorescent microresonators. Sci. Rep. 4, 5902 (2014).
6. Kushida, S. et al. Whispering gallery resonance from self-assembled microspheres of highly fluorescent isolated conjugated polymers. Macromolecules 48, 3928-3933 (2015).
7. Vahala, K. J. Optical microcavities. Nature 424, 839-846 (2003).
8. Oraevsky, A. N. Whispering-gallery waves. Quant. Electron. 32, 377-400 (2002).
9. Kuwata-Gonokami, M. & Takeda, K. Polymer whispering gallery mode lasers. Opt. Mater. 9, 12-17 (1998).
10. Braginsky, V. B., Gorodetsky, M. L. & Ilchenko, V. S. Quality-factor and nonlinear properties of optical whispering-gallery modes. Phys. Lett. A 137, 393-397 (1989).
11. Lai, H. M., Leung, P. T., Young, K., Barber, P. W. & Hill, S. C. Time-independent perturbation for leaking electromagnetic modes in open systems with application to resonances in microdroplets. Phys. Rev. A 41, 5187-5198 (1990).
12. Chen, G., Chang, R. K., Hill, S. C. & Barber, P. W. Frequency splitting of degenerate spherical cavity modes-stimulated ramanscattering spectrum of deformed droplets. Opt. Lett. 16, 1269-1271 (1991).
13. Yorulmaz, S. C., Mestre, M., Muradoglu, M., Alaca, B. E. & Kiraz, A. Controlled observation of nondegenerate cavity modes in a microdroplet on a superhydrophobic surface. Opt. Commun. 282, 3024-3027 (2009).
14. Trevitt, A. J., Wearne, P. J., Bieske, E. J. & Schuder, M. D. Observation of nondegenerate cavity modes for a distorted polystyrene microsphere. Opt. Lett. 31, 2211-2213 (2006).
15. Razdolskiy, I. et al. Hybrid microspheres for nonlinear kerr switching devices. Opt. Express 19, 9523-9528 (2011).
16. Sato, T., Nagayama, N. & Yokoyama, M. Refractive index modification of polysilane films by uv-light irradiation. J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol. 16, 679-684 (2003).
17. Bianchi, R. F., Balogh, D. T., Tinani, M., Faria, R. M. & Irene, E. A. Ellipsometry study of the photo-oxidation of poly[(2-methoxy-5-hexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene]. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 42, 1033-1041 (2004).
18. Gupta, G. et al. Modeling photobleaching of optical chromophores: Light-intensity effects in precise trimming of integrated polymer devices. J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 8051-8060 (2008).
19. Manceau, M. et al. Photochemical stability of pi-conjugated polymers for polymer solar cells: a rule of thumb. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 4132-4141 (2011).
20. Sai, N., Leung, K., Zadord, J. & Henkelman, G. First principles study of photo-oxidation degradation mechanisms in p3ht for organic solar cells. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 8092-8099 (2014).
21. Saito, H., Kuwabara, J. & Kanbara, T. Facile synthesis of fluorene-based ?-conjugated polymers via sequential bromination/direct arylation polycondensation. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 53, 2198-2201 (2015).
22. Adachi, T. et al. Spherical assemblies from ?-conjugated alternating copolymers: Toward optoelectronic colloidal crystals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 870-876 (2013).