Photoinduced Electron Transfer Initiating Systems for Free-radical Polymerization

Electron Transfer in Chemistry

Volumn 5, Issue , 2008, Pages 516-585

  Paqczkowski, Jerzy ^a   Neckers, Douglas C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SCIENCES   (Poland)

^b BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FREE RADICALS;

PHOTO-INDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER;

FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION;

EID: 84955359548     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527618248.ch75     Document Type: Chapter

References (206)

1. G. Oster, Nature 1954, 173, 300.
2. J.P. Fouassier, E. Chesneau Macromol. Chem. 1981, 192, 1307.
3. J.P. Fouassier, S.K. Wu, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1992, 44, 1779.
4. M. Kawabata, Y. Takimoto, J. Photopolym. Sci. 1990, 2, 147.
5. J. G. Kloosterboer, Advances in Polymer Science 1988, 84, 4-61.
6. D.F. Eaton, Pure Appl. Chem. 1984, 56, 1191.
7. D.F. Eaton, In: Topics in Current Chemistry, Mattay, J., Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990, Vol. 156, p. 199.
8. H.-J. Timpe, In: Topics in Current Chemistry, Mattay, J., Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990, Vol. 156, p. 167.
9. J.P. Fouasisier, Photoinitiators, Photopolymerization and Photocuring, VCH, Weinheim, 1995.
10. J.F. Rabek, Mechanisms of Photophysical and Photochemical Reactions in Polymers, Wiley, Chichester, 1987.
11. B.M. Monroe, G.C. Weed, Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 435.
12. R.A. Marcus, J. Chem. Phys. 1956, 24, 966.
13. R.A. Marcus, J. Chem. Phys. 1963, 67, 853.
14. R.A. Marcus, J. Chem. Phys. 1965, 43, 679.
15. R.O. Loutfy, Macromolecules 1981, 14, 270.
16. R.O. Loutfy, J. Polym. Sci. Phys. Ed. 1982, 20, 825.
17. R.O. Loutfy, Pure Appl. Chem., 1986, 58, 1239.
18. H. Morawetz, J. Luminescence 1989, 43, 59.
19. J. Paczkowski, D.C. Neckers, Chemtracs-Macromol. Chem., 1992, 3, 75.
20. D.A. Holden, J.E. Guillet, Developments in Polymer Photochemistry, Applied Science, London, 1980, Vol. 1, Chapter 2, pp. 27-68.
21. J.E. Guillet, Polymer Photophysics and Photochemistry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985.
22. J.G. Kloosterboer, Advances in Polymer Science, 1988, 84, 1.
23. L.Y. Lan, G.B. Schuster, Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4261.
24. S. Chatterjee, P. Gottschalk, P.D. Davis, G.B. Schuster, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 2326.
25. S. Chatterjee, P.D. Davis, P. Gottschalk, B. Kurz, X. Yang, G.B. Schuster, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6329.
26. P. Gottschalk, D.C. Neckers, G.B. Schuster, U.S. Patent 4772530, 1980; Chem. Ahstr. 1987, 107, 187434n; U.S. Patent 4842980, 1988; Chem. Ahstr. 1987, 107, 187434n; (b) P. Gottschalk, U.S. Patent 4874450, 1989; (c) G.C. Weed, B.M. Monroe, U.S. Patent 5 143818, 1992.
27. X. Yang, A. Zaitsev, B. Sauerwein, S. Marphy, G.B. Schuster, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 793.
28. S. Murphy, X. Yang, G.B. Schuster, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2411.
29. D.J. Owen, G.B. Schuster, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 259.
30. A.M. Sarker, A. Mejiritski, B.R. Wheaton, D.C. Neckers, Macromolecules 1997, 30, 2268.
31. A.M. Sarker, A. Lungu, A. Mejiritski, Y. Kaneko, D.C. Neckers, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1998, 2315.
32. D. Griller, K.U. Ingold, L.K. Patterson, J.C. Scaiano, R.D. Small Jr., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 3780.
33. D. Rehm, A. Weller, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. 1969, 73, 834.
34. D. Rehm, A. Weller, Isr. J. Chem. 1970, 8, 259.
35. N. Kabatc, M. Pietrzak, J. Paczkowski, Macromolecules 1998, 31, 4651.
36. O. Valdes-Aquilera, C.P. Pathak, J. Shi, D. Watson, D.C. Neckers, Macromolecules 1992, 25 541.
37. M. Matsuoka, T. Hikida, K. Murobushi, Y. Hosoda, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 299.
38. J. Yamaguchi, F. Shinizaki, M. Okazaki, K. Adachi, U.S. Patent 4952480, 1990; Chem. Abstr. 1989, 111, 222119v.
39. J. Yamaguchi, M. Okazaki, Y. Inagaki, U.S. Patent 5011760, 1991; Chem. Ahstr. 1989. 111, 205472n.
40. J. Yamaguchi, M. Okazaki, T. Hioki, U.S. Patent 4902604, 1990; Chem Abstr. 1989, 111, 244332m.
41. K. Kawamura, Y. Okamoto, U.S. Patent 4971 891, 1990; Chem. Abstr. 1989, 111, 222173h.
42. J.L. Dektar, N.P. Hacker, J. Org. Chem., 1990, 55, 639.
43. S.P. Pappas, L.R. Gatechair, J.H. Jilek, J. Polym. Sci., A: Polym. Chem. 1984, 22, 77.
44. S.P. Pappas, B.C. Pappas, L.R. Gatechair, J.H. Jilek, Polym. Photochem., 1984, 5, 1.
45. R.J. DeVoe, M.R.V. Sahyun, E. Schmidt, N. Serpone, D.K. Sharma, Can. J. Chem. 1988, 66, 319.
46. M. Tilley, B. Pappas, S.P. Pappas, Y. Yagci, W. Schnabel, J.K. Thomas, J. Imaging Sci. 1989, 33, 62.
47. J.L. Dektar, N.P. Hacker, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6004.
48. K. Iu, J. Kuczynski, S.J. Fuerniss, J.K. Thomas, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4871.
49. J.V. Crivello, J.L. Lee, Macromolecules 1981, 14, 1141.
50. S.M. Linden, D.C. Neckers, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 1988, 47, 543.
51. S.M. Linden, D.C. Neckers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 1257.
52. Y. Bi, D.C. Neckers, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 1993, 74, 1993.
53. A.M. DeRaaff, T.L. Marino, D.C. Neckers, RadTech Report, May, 1996, pp. 7-16
54. D.C. Neckers, A.M. Sarker, S.A. Hassoon, A.Y. Polykarpov, A.M. DeRaaff, T.L. Marino, "Photoinitiator Composition Containing a Borate Salt and a Hypervalent Heteroatom-containing Salt and Anaerobic Photohardenable Composition Employing the Same", PCT/US 9619806; WO 97/21/211737; June 19, 1997.
55. K. Feng, H. Zang, D. Martin, T.L. Marino, D.C. Neckers, J. Polym. Sci: Part A: Polym. Chem. 1998, 36, 1667
56. A.M. Sarker, A.Y. Polykarpov, A.M. DeRaaff, T.L. Marino, D.C. Neckers, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 1996, 34, 2817
57. S.A. Hassoon, D.C. Neckers, J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 9416.
58. Y. Toba, Y. Usui, M.M. Alam, O. Ito, Macromolecules 1998, 31, 6022.
59. Y. Toba, M. Yasuike, Y. Usui, Chem. Commun. 1997, 675.
60. J.V. Crivello, J.H.W. Lam, Macromolecules 1977, 10, 1307.
61. J.V. Crivello, J.L. Lee, J. Polym. Sci, Part A: Polym. Chem. 1989, 27, 3951
62. F. Castellanos, J.P. Fouassier, C. Priou, J. Cavezzan, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1996, 60, 705.
63. T. Tanabe, A. Torres-Filho, D.C. Neckers, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 1995, 33, 1691.
64. A. Y. Polykarpov, D.C. Neckers, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 5483.
65. S. Gupta, N. Gupta, D.C. Neckers, J. Polym. Sci: Polym. Chem. Ed. 1981, 19, 103.
66. S. Gupta, N. Gupta, D.C. Neckers, J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Chem. Ed. 1982, 20, 147.
67. E. Morlino, M. Bohorques, D.C. Neckers, M.A.J. Rodgers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2599.
68. S. Hasson, A. Sarker, M.A.J. Rodgers, D.C. Neckers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11369.
69. S. Hasson, A. Sarker, A.Y. Polykarpov, M.A.J. Rodgers, D.C. Neckers, J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 12386.
70. A.M. Sarker, Y. Kaneko, A.V. Nikolatichik, D.C. Neckers, J. Phys. Chem. 1998, 102, 375.
71. R. Popielarz, A.M. Sarker, D.C. Neckers, Macromolecules, 1998, 31, 951.
72. S. Hu, A.M. Sarker, Y. Kaneko, D.C. Neckers, Macromolecules 1998, 31, 6476.
73. W.J. Leigh, D.R. Arnold, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1980, 406.
74. J.B. Gallivan, Can. J. Chem. 1972, 50, 3601.
75. B.L. Selinger, Aust. J. Chem. 1966, 19, 825.
76. W.W. Mantulin, P.S. Song, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 5122.
77. O. Grinevich, P. Serguievski, A.M. Sarker, W. Zhang, A. Mejiritski, D.C. Neckers, Macromolecules 1999, 32, 328.
78. A.M. Sarker, A. Lungu, D.C. Neckers, Macromolecules 1996, 29, 8047.
79. G.B. Schuster, X. Yuang, C. Zou, B. Sauerwien, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 1992 65 191.
80. N. Kita, M. Koike, U.S. Patent 4937 161, 1990; Chem. Abstr. 1989, 110, 183029y.
81. J.J.M. Lamberts, D.R. Schumacher, D.C. Neckers, J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1984, 106, 5879.
82. J. Paczkowski, J.J.M. Lamberts, B. Paczkowska, D.C. Neckers, J. Free Radicals Biol. Med 1985, 1, 341.
83. V. Kasche, L. Lindquist, Photochem. Photobiol. 1965, 4, 923.
84. V. Winttges, J.C. Scaiano, S.M. Linden, D.C. Neckers, J. Org, Chem. 1989, 54, 5242.
85. D.C. Neckers, K.S. Raghuveer, O. Valdes-Aguilera, Polymeric Mater. Sci. Eng. 1989, 60, 15.
86. A. Zakrzewski, D.C. Neckers, Tetrahedron 1987, 43, 4507.
87. J. Shi, X. Zhang, D.C. Neckers, J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 4418.
88. J. Shi, X. Zhang, D.C. Neckers, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6013.
89. E. Klimtchuk, M.A.J. Rodgers, D.C. Neckers, J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 9817
90. S. Hassoon, D.C. Neckers, J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 9416.
91. D.C. Neckers, S. Hassoon, E. Klimtchuk, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 1996, 95, 33.
92. A.Y. Polykarpov, S. Hassoon, D.C. Neckers, Macromolecules 1996, 29, 8274.
93. E.T. Seo, R.F. Nelson, J.M. Fritsch, L.S. Marcoux, O.W. Leedy, R.N. Adams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 3498.
94. A.K. Chibisov, Russ. Chem. Rev. 1981, 50, 615.
95. A. Weller, Z. Physik. Chem. Neue Folge 1982, 133, 93.
96. M. Kuzmin, I.V. Soboleva, Prog. React. Kinet. 1986, 14, 157.
97. E.M. Kosower, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 1986, 37, 127.
98. G.J. Kavarnos, N.J. Turro, Chem. Rev. 1986. 86, 401
99. P. Suppan Chimia 1988, 42, 320.
100. M.R. Sandner, R.M. Osborn, D.J. Trecker, J. Polym. Sci. A-l 1972, 10, 3173.
101. S.G. Cohen, J.B. Parola, G.H. Parsons, Chem. Rev. 1973, 73, 141.
102. J.D. Simon, K.S. Peters, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 6403.
103. U.G. Yoon, P.S. Marino, R.S. Givens, B.W. Atwater III, "Photoinduced Electron Transfer Chemistry of Amines and Related Electron Donors", In Advances in Electron Transfer Chemistry, JAI Press, 1994, Vol. 4, pp. 117-205.
104. L.E. Manring, K.S. Peters, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6452.
105. C. Gevadoss, R.W. Fessenden, J. Phys Chem. 1990, 94, 4540.
106. C. Gevadoss, R.W. Fessenden, J. Phys Chem. 1991, 95, 7253.
107. H. Miyasaka, K. Morita, K. Kamada, N. Mataga, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 178, 504.
108. P. Gosh, R. Gosh, Eur. Polym. J. 1981, 17, 817.
109. S.R. Clarke, R.A. Shanks, J. Macromol. Sci. 1982, A17, 77.
110. T. Li, Polymer Bull. 1990, 24, 397.
111. J. Kabatc, Z. Kucybala, M. Pietrzak, F. Ścigalski, J. Paczkowski, Polymer 1999, 40, 735.
112. S.L. Murov, I. Carmichael. G.L. Hug, Handbook of Photochemistry, 2nd ed. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993.
113. L. Eberson Electron Transfer Reactions in Organic Chemistry, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987.
114. P. Suppan, "The Marcus Inverted Region", In Topics in Current Chemistry, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992, Vol, pp. 95-130.
115. S. Kato, T. Watanabe, S. Nagak, M. Koizumi, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1980, 33, 262.
116. V. Kasche, L. Lindquist, J. Phys. Chem. 1967, 68, 817.
117. A. Mills, C. Lawrence, P. Douglas, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2 1986, 82, 2291.
118. S.G. Cohen, A. Pavola, A. Parsons, Jr., Chem. Rev. 1973, 73, 141.
119. S.G. Cohen, J. Am, Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 1419.
120. A. Torres-Filho, D.C. Neckers, J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polymer Chem. 1994, 51, 931.
121. T. Tanabe, A. Torres-Filho, D.C. Neckers, J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polymer Chem. 1995. 33, 1691.
122. Y. Bi, D.C. Neckers, Macromolecules 1994, 27, 8683.
123. T. Marino, O.L. Long, D.C. Neckers, I&EC Research 1995, 34, 4549.
124. J. Paczkowski, RadTech Europe 97, Academic Days Lyon, France, 1997, pp. 77-84.
125. J. Paczkowski, Z. Kucybala, Macromolecules 1995, 28, 269.
126. H. Mateo, P. Bosh, A.E. Lozano, Macromolecules 1994, 27, 7794.
127. J. Hutchison, A. Ledwith, Adv. Polym. Sci. 1974, 14, 49.
128. A. Ledwith, In: Developments in Polymerization, Haward, R.N, Ed, Applied Science, London, 1982, Chapter 2.
129. W.D. Cook, Polymer 1992, 33, 600.
130. R.W. Yip, R.O. Loutfy, Y.L. Chow, L.K. Magdzinski, Can. J. Chem. 1972, 50, 3426
131. J.B. Guttenplan, S.G. Cohen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 4040.
132. H. Rau, Chem. Rev. 1983, 83, 535.
133. M.C. Depew, J.K.S. Wan, J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 6597.
134. G.A. Russell, K.Y. Chang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 4192.
135. A. Wrzyszczyński, E. Adamczak, L.-Å. Linden, S. Morgen, J.F. Rabek, Proceedings RadTech, Europe 95, Maastricht, Netherlands, 1995, p. 107
136. E. Adamczak, L.-Å. Lindén, J.F. Rabek, A. Wrzyszczyński, Proceedings RadTech Asia'95, Guilin, China, 1995, p. 196
137. J. Nie, L.-Å. Lindén, J.F. Rabek, J.P. Fouassier, F. Morlet-Savary, F. Scigalski, A. Wrzyszczyński, E. Andrzejewska, Acta Polym. 1998, 49, 145
138. J. Nie. L.-Å. Lindén, J.F. Rabek, J. Ekstrand, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 1998, 45.
139. J. Meinwald, H.I. Klingele, J. Am. Chem. Soc 1966, 88, 2071.
140. M.V. Encinas, C. Majmund, E.A. Lissi, J. Polym. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem. 1990, 28, 2465.
141. K. Hamanoue, K. Yokoyama, Y. Yamamoto, K. Sawada, Y. Yuhara, H. Teranishi, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1988, 61, 1121.
142. K. Hamanoue, K. Yokoyama, Y. Kajiwara, M. Kimoto, T. Nakayama, H. Teranishi, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1985, 113, 207.
143. K. Hamanoue, K. Yokoyama, Y. Kajiwara, K. Nakajiama, H. Teranishi, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1984, 110, 25
144. T. Kausche, J. Säuberlich, Trobitzsch, D. Beckert, K.P. Dinse, Chem. Phys. 1996, 208, 375.
145. N.S. Allen, F. Catalina, P.N. Green, W.A. Green, Eur. Polym. J. 1986, 22, 49.
146. N.S. Allen, F. Catalina, P.N. Green, W.A. Green, Eur. Polym. J. 1986, 22, 347.
147. N.S. Allen, F. Catalina, B. Moghaddam, P.N. Green, W.A. Green, Eur. Polym. J. 1986, 22, 691.
148. N.S. Allen, F. Catalina, P.N. Green, W.A. Green, Eur. Polym. J. 1986, 22, 793.
149. N.S. Allen, F. Catalina, P.N. Green, W.A. Green, Eur. Polym. J. 1986, 22, 871.
150. F. Catalina, C. Peinado, J.L. Mateo, P. Bosch, N.S. Allen, Eur. Polym. J. 1992, 28, 1533.
151. N.S. Allen, F. Catalina, P.N. Green, W.A. Green, J. Photochem. Photobiol. 1987, 36, 99.
152. F. Catalina, T. Corrales, C. Peinado, N.S. Allen, W.A. Green, A. Timms, Eur. Polym. J. 1993, 29, 125.
153. F. Catalina, C. Peinado, J.L. Mateo, P. Bosch, N.S. Allen, Eur. Polym. J. 1992, 28, 1533.
154. R.S. Davidson, P.F. Lambeth, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1967, 1265.
155. R.S. Davidson, In: Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry, Bethell, D., Gold, V. (Eds.), Academic Press, London, 1983, Vol. 16, p. 1.
156. R.S. Davidson, P.F. Lambeth, J.F. McKellar, P.H. Turner, R. Wilson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1969, 732.
157. D.G. Anderson, R.S. Davidson, J.J. Elvery, Polymer 1996, 37, 2477.
158. C.M. Previtali, S.G. Bertolotti, M.G. Neumann, I.A. Pastre, A.M. Rufs, M.V. Encinas, Macromolecules 1994, 27, 7454.
159. M.V. Encinas, C. Majmund, J. Garrido, E.A. Lissi, Macromolecules 1989, 22, 563.
160. M.V. Encinas, C. Majmund, E.A. Lissi, J.C. Scaiano, Macromolecules 1991, 24, 2111.
161. M.V. Encinas, E.E. Lissi, C. Majmund, J.J. Cosa, Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6284.
162. T. Okada, I. Karaki, N. Mataga, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 7191.
163. N. Mataga, T. Okada, Y. Kanda, H. Shioyama, Tetrahedron 1986, 42, 6143.
164. Y. Hirata, T. Saito, N. Mataga, J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 3119.
165. Y. Hirata, N. Mataga, J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 2439.
166. G.A. Delzene, Adv. Photochem. 1979, 11, 1.
167. A.L. Prokhoda, V.A. Krongauz, Khim. Vys. Energ. 1970, 4, 176; 1970, 5, 262.
168. X.Z. Qin, A. Liu, A.D. Trifunac, J. Phys Chem. 1991, 95, 5822.
169. A. Liu, A.D. Trifunac, V.V. Krongauz, J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 207.
170. Y. Lin, A. Liu, A.D. Trifunac, V.V. Krongauz, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1992, 198, 200.
171. M.D. Zammit, T.P. Davis, G.D. Willett, Macromolecules 1997, 30, 5655.
172. R.S. Davidson, P.R. Steiner, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1971, 1682.
173. R.S. Davidson, P.R. Harrison, P.R. Steiner, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1971, 3480.
174. D.R. Barthomolew, D.R.G. Brimage, R.S. Davidson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1971, 3482.
175. S.-i. Nishimoto, H. Tada, T. Kagiya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II 1983, 873.
176. B. Marciniak, K. Bobrowski, G.L. Hug, J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 11937.
177. K. Bobrowski, M. Marciniak, G.L. Hug, J. Photochem. Photobiol. 1994, 81, 159.
178. B. Marciniak, K. Bobrowski, G.L. Hug, J. Rozwadowski, J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 4854.
179. K. Bobrowski, G.L. Hug, M. Marciniak, H. Kozubek, J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 537.
180. B. Marciniak, G.L. Hug, K. Bobrowski, H. Kozubek, J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 13560
181. B. Marciniak, G.L. Hug, J. Rozwadowski, K. Bobrowski, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 127.
182. Z. Kucybala, M. Pietrzak, J. Paczkowski, L-Å. Lindén, J.F. Rabek, Polymer 1996, 37, 4585.
183. Z. Kucybala, J. Paczkowski, Polymer 1993, 34, 1558.
184. Z. Kucybala, M. Pietrzak, J. Paczkowski, Chem. Mater. 1998, 10, 2555.
185. Z. Kucybala, J. Paczkowski, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A: Chem. 1999.
186. C. Decker, K. Moussa, Makromol. Chem. 1988, 189, 2381.
187. C. Decker, K. Moussa, Macomolecules 1989, 22, 4455
188. C. Decker, K. Moussa, ACS Symp. Ser. 1990, 417, 439 and references therein.
189. A. Wrzyszczyński, Polymer, 1999, 40, 3247.
190. K. Bobrowski, B. Marciniak, G.L. Hug J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 102279.
191. A. Wrzyszczyhski, P. Filipiak, G.L. Hug, B. Marciniak, J. Paczkowski, Macromolecules 2000, 33, 1577.
192. E. Andrzejewska, J. Polym. Sci: A. Polym. Chem. 1992, 30, 485.
193. E. Andrzejewska, M. Andrzejewski, Polimery (Warsaw) 1994, 39, 22.
194. J.B. Guttenplan, S.G. Cohen, J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 2001.
195. S. Inbar, H. Linschitz, S.G. Cohen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1679.
196. J.C. Ronfard-Haret, R.V. Bensasson, J.C. Gramain Chem. Phys. Lett. 1983, 96, 31.
197. B. Marciniak, E. Andrzejewska, G.L. Hug J. Photochem. Photobiol, A: Chem. 1998, 112, 21.
198. E. Andrzejewska, G.L. Hug, M. Andrzejewski, B. Marciniak, Macromolecules 1999, 32, 2173.
199. G. Pandey, Topics in Current Chemistry 1993, 168, 175.
200. J. Paczkowski, M. Pietrzak, Z. Kucybala, Macromolecules 1996, 29, 5057.
201. K.S. Anseth, C.M. Wang, C.N. Bowmann, Macromolecules 1994, 27, 650.
202. B. Paczkowska, J. Paczkowski, D.C. Neckers, Polimery 1994, 39, 527.
203. K.S. Anseth, C.M. Wang, C.N. Bowman, Polymer 1994, 35, 3243.
204. D.L. Kurdikar, N.A. Peppas, Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4084.
205. E. Andrzejewska, M.B. Bogacki, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1997, 198, 1649.
206. M.P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry, Oxford University Press, New York, 1999, p. 178.