Medical management of heavy menstrual bleeding

Women's Health

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 27-34

  Maybin, Jacqueline A ^a   Critchley, Hilary Od ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

adenomyosis; endometrial; endometrium; estradiol; fibroid; menorrhagia; menstruation; polyps; progesterone; SPRM

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN PLUS MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN; GONADORELIN AGONIST; LEVONORGESTREL; MEFENAMIC ACID; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; NORETHISTERONE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PROGESTERONE; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR MODULATOR; TRANEXAMIC ACID; ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE;

ANAMNESIS; ARTICLE; BLEEDING; BODY MASS; BREAST CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CONSULTATION; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE DURATION; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; EXERCISE; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; INTRAUTERINE DEVICE EXPULSION; INTRAUTERINE INFECTION; LEVONORGESTREL RELEASING INTRAUTERINE SYSTEM; MENORRHAGIA; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; THROMBOEMBOLISM; TREATMENT DURATION; UTERUS PERFORATION; VAGINA BLEEDING; FEMALE; INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; QUALITY OF LIFE; UTILIZATION; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL, HORMONAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTRAUTERINE DEVICES, MEDICATED; LEVONORGESTREL; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE; MENORRHAGIA; NORETHINDRONE; PROGESTERONE; QUALITY OF LIFE; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 84955110977     PISSN: 17455057     EISSN: 17455065     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/whe.15.100     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. RCOG. Abdominal Hysterectomy for Benign Conditions (2009). www.rcog.org.uk
2. Munro MG, Critchley HO, Broder MS, Fraser IS. FIGO classification system (PALM-COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 113(1), 3-13 (2011).
3. Hartz AJ, Barboriak PN, Wong A, Katayama KP, Rimm AA. The association of obesity with infertility and related menstural abnormalities in women. Int. J. Obes. 3(1), 57-73 (1979).
4. Rowland AS, Baird DD, Long S et al. Influence of medical conditions and lifestyle factors on the menstrual cycle. Epidemiology 13(6), 668-674 (2002).
5. Critchley HO, Duncan WC, Brito-Mutunayagam S, Reynolds RM. Obesity and menstrual disorders. In: Obesity: A Ticking Time Bomb for Fertility (Elsevier Insights), Mahmood TA, Arulkumaran S (Eds). Elsevier, Oxford, UK, 525-535 (2013).
6. Gleeson N, Devitt M, Sheppard BL, Bonnar J. Endometrial fibrinolytic enzymes in women with normal menstruation and dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 100(8), 768-771 (1993).
7. Andersch B, Milsom I, Rybo G. An objective evaluation of flurbiprofen and tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 67(7), 645-648 (1988).
8. Gleeson NC, Buggy F, Sheppard BL, Bonnar J. The effect of tranexamic acid on measured menstrual loss and endometrial fibrinolytic enzymes in dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 73(3), 274-277 (1994).
9. Malik S, Day K, Perrault I, Charnock-Jones DS, Smith SK. Reduced levels of VEGF-A and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity and increased TNF-alpha in menstrual endometrium and effluent in women with menorrhagia. Hum. Reprod. 21(8), 2158-2166 (2006).
10. Smith OP, Jabbour HN, Critchley HO. Cyclooxygenase enzyme expression and E series prostaglandin receptor signalling are enhanced in heavy menstruation. Hum. Reprod. 22(5), 1450-1456 (2007).
11. Cameron IT, Haining R, Lumsden MA, Thomas VR, Smith SK. The effects of mefenamic acid and norethisterone on measured menstrual blood loss. Obstet. Gynecol. 76(1), 85-88 (1990).
12. Andersson K, Odlind V, Rybo G. Levonorgestrel-releasing and copper-releasing (Nova T) IUDs during five years of use: a randomized comparative trial. Contraception 49(1), 56-72 (1994).
13. Sheng J, Zhang WY, Zhang JP, Lu D. The LNG-IUS study on adenomyosis: a 3-year follow-up study on the efficacy and side effects of the use of levonorgestrel intrauterine system for the treatment of dysmenorrhea associated with adenomyosis. Contraception 79(3), 189-193 (2009).
14. FSRH. UK Medical Eligiblility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (2009). www.fsrh.org
15. Abdel-Aleem H, D'arcangues C, Vogelsong K, Gulmezoglu AM. Treatment of vaginal bleeding irregularities induced by progestin only contraceptives. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (2), CD003449 (2007).
16. Guttinger A, Critchley HO. Endometrial effects of intrauterine levonorgestrel. Contraception 75(Suppl. 6), S93-S98 (2007).
17. FSRH. CEU Guidance on Unscheduled Bleeding (2015). www.fsrh.org
18. Fraser IS, Kovacs GT. The efficacy of non-contraceptive uses for hormonal contraceptives. Med. J. Aust. 178(12), 621-623 (2003).
19. Loudon NB, Foxwell M, Potts DM, Guild AL, Short RV. Acceptability of an oral contraceptive that reduces the frequency of menstruation: the tri-cycle pill regimen. Br. Med. J. 2(6085), 487-490 (1977).
20. Benagiano G, Primiero FM. Seventy-five microgram desogestrel minipill, a new perspective in estrogen-free contraception. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 997, 163-173 (2003).
21. Said S, Omar K, Koetsawang S et al. A multicentered Phase III comparative clinical trial of depotmedroxyprogesterone acetate given three-monthly at doses of 100 mg or 150 mg: II. The comparison of bleeding patterns. World Health Organization. Task force on long-acting systemic agents for fertility regulation special programme of research, development and research training in human reproduction. Contraception 35(6), 591-610 (1987).
22. Lanza LL, Mcquay LJ, Rothman KJ et al. Use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception and incidence of bone fracture. Obstet. Gynecol. 121(3), 593-600 (2013).
23. Irvine GA, Campbell-Brown MB, Lumsden MA, Heikkila A, Walker JJ, Cameron IT. Randomised comparative trial of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system and norethisterone for treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 105(6), 592-598 (1998).
24. Lethaby A, Irvine G, Cameron I. Cyclical progestogens for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (1), CD001016 (2008).
25. Lethaby A, Vollenhoven B, Sowter M. Pre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy or myomectomy for uterine fibroids. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (2), CD000547 (2001).
26. Friedman AJ, Hoffman DI, Comite F, Browneller RW, Miller JD. Treatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. The leuprolide study group. Obstet. Gynecol. 77(5), 720-725 (1991).
27. Takeuchi H, Kobori H, Kikuchi I, Sato Y, Mitsuhashi N. A prospective randomized study comparing endocrinological and clinical effects of two types of GnRH agonists in cases of uterine leiomyomas or endometriosis. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 26(5), 325-331 (2000).
28. Mutter GL, Bergeron C, Deligdisch L et al. The spectrum of endometrial pathology induced by progesterone receptor modulators. Mod. Pathol. 21(5), 591-598 (2008).
29. Williams AR, Bergeron C, Barlow DH, Ferenczy A. Endometrial morphology after treatment of uterine fibroids with the selective progesterone receptor modulator, ulipristal acetate. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 31(6), 556-569 (2012).
30. Wilkens J, Chwalisz K, Han C et al. Effects of the selective progesterone receptor modulator asoprisnil on uterine artery blood flow, ovarian activity, and clinical symptoms in patients with uterine leiomyomata scheduled for hysterectomy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93(12), 4664-4671 (2008).
31. Donnez J, Tatarchuk TF, Bouchard P et al. Ulipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgery. N. Engl. J. Med. 366(5), 409-420 (2012).
32. Donnez J, Tomaszewski J, Vazquez F et al. Ulipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroids. N. Engl. J. Med. 366(5), 421-432 (2012).