Spectrum of imaging appearances of intracranial cryptococcal infection in HIV/AIDS patients in the anti-retroviral therapy era

Clinical Radiology

Volumn 71, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 9-17

  Offiah, Curtis E ^a   Naseer, Aisha ^a  

^a ROYAL LONDON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS PATIENT; BRAIN CALCIFICATION; CHOROID PLEXUS; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PARENCHYMA; PATHOGENESIS; PERIVASCULAR SPACE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNGAL INFECTIONS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY; PROCEDURES;

AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNGAL INFECTIONS; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; HUMANS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; NEUROIMAGING;

EID: 84954486735     PISSN: 00099260     EISSN: 1365229X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.10.005     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. F. Dromer, S. Mathoulin, B. Dupont, and et al. Epidemiology of cryptococcosis in France: a 9-year survey (1985-1993). French Cryptococcosis Study Group Clin Infect Dis 23 1 1996 Jul 82 90
2. M.A. Viviani, M. Cogliati, M.C. Esposto, et al. European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) Cryptococcosis Working Group Molecular analysis of 311 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from a 30-month ECMM survey of cryptococcosis in Europe FEMS Yeast Res 6 4 2006 Jun 614 619
3. S. Antinori New insights into HIV/AIDS-associated cryptococcosis ISRN AIDS 2013 2013 Feb 25 471363 10.1155/2013/471363
4. M. Scarborough, S.B. Gordon, C.J. Whitty, and et al. Corticosteroids for bacterial meningitis in adults in sub-Saharan Africa N Engl J Med 357 24 2007 Dec 13 2441 2450
5. R.S. Heyderman, I.T. Gangaidzo, J.G. Hakim, and et al. Cryptococcal meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Harare, Zimbabwe Clin Infect Dis 26 2 1998 Feb 284 289
6. J.G. Hakim, I.T. Gangaidzo, R.S. Heyderman, and et al. Impact of HIV infection on meningitis in Harare, Zimbabwe: a prospective study of 406 predominantly adult patients AIDS 14 10 2000 Jul 7 1401 1407
7. C. Békondi, C. Bernede, N. Passone, and et al. Primary and opportunistic pathogens associated with meningitis in adults in Bangui, Central African Republic, in relation to human immunodeficiency virus serostatus Int J Infect Dis 10 5 2006 Sep 387 395
8. J.L. Go, P.E. Kim, J. Ahmadi, and et al. Fungal infections of the central nervous system Neuroimaging Clin N Am 10 2 2000 May 409 425
9. N. Khandelwal, V. Gupta, and P. Singh Central nervous system fungal infections in tropics Neuroimaging Clin N Am 21 4 2011 Nov 859 866
10. M. Mathur, C.E. Johnson, and G. Sze Fungal infections of the central nervous system Neuroimaging Clin N Am 22 4 2012 Nov 609 632
11. D.E. Harris, and D.S. Enterline Neuroimaging of AIDS. I. Fungal infections of the central nervous system Neuroimaging Clin N Am 7 2 1997 May 187 198
12. M. Alvarez, and A. Casadevall Phagosome extrusion and host-cell survival after Cryptococcus neoformans phagocytosis by macrophages Curr Biol 16 21 2006 Nov 7 2161 2165
13. C. Charlier, K. Nielsen, S. Daou, and et al. Evidence of a role for monocytes in dissemination and brain invasion by Cryptococcus neoformans Infect Immun 77 1 2009 Jan 120 127
14. S.L. Chuck, and M.A. Sande Infections with Cryptococcus neoformans in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome N Engl J Med 321 12 1989 Sep 21 794 799
15. N. French, K. Gray, C. Watera, and et al. Cryptococcal infection in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults AIDS 16 7 2002 May 3 1031 1038
16. R.A. Clark, D. Greer, W. Atkinson, and et al. Spectrum of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in 68 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus Rev Infect Dis 12 5 1990 Sep-Oct 768 777
17. C.M. van der Horst, M.S. Saag, G.A. Cloud, and et al. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group and AIDS Clinical Trials Group N Engl J Med 337 1 1997 Jul 3 15 21
18. D.R. Boulware, M.A. Rolfes, R. Rajasingham, and et al. Multisite validation of cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay and quantification by laser thermal contrast Emerg Infect Dis 20 1 2014 45 53
19. M.J. Post, M.M. Thurnher, D.B. Clifford, and et al. CNS-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the setting of HIV infection, part 1: overview and discussion of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and cryptococcal-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 34 7 2013 Jul 1297 1307
20. Y.C. Lee, J.T. Wang, H.Y. Sun, and et al. Comparisons of clinical features and mortality of cryptococcal meningitis between patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection J Microbiol Immunol Infect 44 5 2011 Oct 338 345
21. R.D. Tien, P.K. Chu, J.R. Hesselink, and et al. Intracranial cryptococcosis in immunocompromised patients: CT and MR findings in 29 cases AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 12 2 1991 Mar-Apr 283 289
22. K.K. Jain, S.K. Mittal, S. Kumar, and et al. Imaging features of central nervous system fungal infections Neurol India 55 3 2007 Jul-Sep 241 250
23. J. Aharon-Peretz, D. Kliot, R. Finkelstein, and et al. Cryptococcal meningitis mimicking vascular dementia Neurology 62 11 2004 Jun 8 2135
24. J.M. Kovoor, A. Mahadevan, J.P. Narayan, and et al. Cryptococcal choroid plexitis as a mass lesion: MR imaging and histopathologic correlation AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23 2 2002 Feb 273 276
25. R. Kumari, M. Raval, and A. Dhun Cryptococcal choroid plexitis: rare imaging findings of central nervous system cryptococcal infection in an immunocompetent individual Br J Radiol 83 985 2010 Jan e14 e17
26. N.J. Patronas, and E.V. Makariou MRI of choroidal plexus involvement in intracranial cryptococcosis J Comput Assist Tomogr 17 4 1993 Jul-Aug 547 550
27. C. Charlier, F. Dromer, C. Lévêque, et al. French Cryptococcosis Study Group Cryptococcal neuroradiological lesions correlate with severity during cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in HIV-positive patients in the HAART era PLoS One 3 4 2008 Apr 16 e1950
28. J. Berkefeld, W. Enzensberger, and H. Lanfermann Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis in AIDS: parenchymal and meningeal forms Neuroradiology 41 2 1999 Feb 129 133
29. C.F. Andreula, N. Burdi, and A. Carella CNS cryptococcosis in AIDS: spectrum of MR findings J Comput Assist Tomogr 17 3 1993 May-Jun 438 441
30. T.L. Ho, H.J. Lee, K.W. Lee, and et al. Diffusion-weighted and conventional magneticresonance imaging in cerebral cryptococcoma Acta Radiol 46 4 2005 Jul 411 414
31. G. Luthra, A. Parihar, K. Nath, and et al. Comparative evaluation of fungal, tubercular, and pyogenic brain abscesses with conventional and diffusion MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopy AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28 7 2007 Aug 1332 1338
32. G. Saigal, M.J. Post, S. Lolayekar, and et al. Unusual presentation of central nervous system cryptococcal infection in an immunocompetent patient AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26 10 2005 Nov-Dec 2522 2526
33. J. Katchanov, G. Branding, L. Jefferys, and et al. Neuroimaging of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with and without immune reconstitution Int J STD AIDS 2015 Feb 18 pii: 0956462415574633. [Epub ahead of print]
34. L. Chang, B.L. Miller, D. McBride, and et al. Brain lesions in patients with AIDS: H-1 MR spectroscopy Radiology 197 2 1995 Nov 525 531
35. M. Corti, M.F. Villafañe, R. Negroni, and et al. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in AIDS patients with central nervous system cryptococcosis Rev Iberoam Micol 25 4 2008 Dec 31 211 214
36. G. Nunnari, M. Gussio, M.R. Pinzone, and et al. Cryptococcal meningitis in an HIV-1-infected person: relapses or IRIS? Case report and review of the literature Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 17 11 2013 Jun 1555 1559
37. A.M. Cattelan, M. Trevenzoli, L. Sasset, and et al. Multiple cerebral cryptococcomas associated with immune reconstitution in HIV-1 infection AIDS 18 2 2004 Jan 23 349 351
38. J. Broom, M. Woods 2nd, and A. Allworth Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome producing atypical presentations of cryptococcal meningitis: case report and a review of immune reconstitution-associated cryptococcal infections Scand J Infect Dis 38 3 2006 219 221
39. A. Malik, P.A. Khan, F. Shujatullah, and et al. Rapid development of IRIS in the form of cryptococcal meningitis after beginning ART Med Mycol Case Rep 1 1 2012 Aug 10 56 58
40. D.R. Boulware, D.B. Meya, T.L. Bergemann, and et al. Clinical features and serum biomarkers in HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after cryptococcal meningitis: a prospective cohort study PLoS Med 7 12 2010 Dec 21 e1000384
41. M.D. King, C.A. Perlino, J. Cinnamon, and et al. Paradoxical recurrent meningitis following therapy of cryptococcal meningitis: an immune reconstitution syndrome after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy Int J STD AIDS 13 10 2002 Oct 724 726