Long-term impact of temporary and persistent personality disorder on anxiety and depressive disorders

Personality and Mental Health

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 76-83

  Tyrer, Peter ^a   Tyrer, Helen ^a   Yang, Min ^b   Guo, Boliang ^c  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b SICHUAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anxiety diosrders; Depressive disorders; Long term outcome; Personality disorder; Severity

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDERS; COHORT ANALYSIS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERSONALITY DISORDERS; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; PSYCHOLOGY; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDERS; COHORT STUDIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES; MALE; PERSONALITY DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 84954482428     PISSN: 19328621     EISSN: 1932863X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1324     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Åsberg M., Montgomery S. A., Perris C., Schalling D., & Sedvall G. (1978). A comprehensive psychopathological rating scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 271(Suppl): 5-29.
2. Baca-Garcia E., Perez-Rodriguez M. M., Basurte-Villamor I., Fernandez del Moral A. L., Jimenez-Arriero M. A., Gonzalez de Rivera J. L., Saiz-Ruiz J., & Oquendo M. A. (2007). Diagnostic stability of psychiatric disorders in clinical practice. British Journal of Psychiatry 190: 210-216.
3. Clark L. A. (2007). Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorder: perennial issues and emerging conceptualization. Annual Review of Psychology 58: 227-258.
4. Gorwood P., Rouillon F., Even C., Falissard B., Corruble E., & Moran P. (2010). Treatment response in major depression: effects of personality dysfunction and prior depression. British Journal of Psychiatry 196: 139-142.
5. Gunderson J. G., Stout R. L., McGlashan T. H., Shea M. T., Morey L. C., Grilo C. M., Zanarini M. C., Yen S., Markowitz J. C., Sanislow C., Ansell E., Pinto A., & Skodol A. E. (2011). Ten-year course of borderline personality disorder: psychopathology and function from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders study. Archives of General Psychiatry 68: 827-37.
6. Hengartner M. P., De Fruyt F., Rodgers S., Muller M., Rossiler W., & Ajdacic-Gross V. (2014). An integrative examination of general personality dysfunction in a large community sample. Personality and Mental Health 8: 276-79.
7. Kim Y.-R., Tyrer P., Lee H.-S., Kim S.-G., Hwang S.-T., Lee G.-Y., & Mulder R. (2015). Preliminary field trial of a putative research algorithm for diagnosing ICD-11 personality disorders in psychiatric patients: 2. Proposed trait domains. Personality and Mental Health 9 in press.
8. Landis J. R., & Koch G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33: 159-174.
9. Longford N. T., Tyrer P., Nur U. A. M., & Seivewright H. (2006). Analysis of a long-term study of neurotic disorder, with insights into the process of non-response. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 169: 507-524.
10. Lopez-Castroman J., Galfalvy H., Currier D., Stanley B., Blasco-Fontecilla H., Baca-Garcia E., Harkavy-Friedman J. M., Mann J. J., & Oquendo M. A. (2012). Personality disorder assessments in acute depressive episodes: stability at follow-up. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 200: 526-530.
11. Montgomery S. A., & Åsberg M. (1979). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. British Journal of Psychiatry 134: 382-389.
12. Morey L. C., Hopwood C. J., Markowitz J. C., Gunderson J. G., Grilo C. M., McGlashan T. H., Shea M. T., Yen S., Sanislow C. A., Ansell E. B., & Skodol A. E. (2012). Comparison of alternative models for personality disorders, II: 6-, 8- and 10-year follow-up. Psychological Medicine 42: 1705-1713.
13. Mulder R. (2002). Personality pathology and treatment outcome in major depression: a review. American Journal of Psychiatry 159: 359-371.
14. Munjiza J., Law V., & Crawford M. J. (2014). Lasting personality pathology following exposure to catastrophic trauma in adults: systematic review. Personality and Mental Health 8: 320-336.
15. Newton-Howes G., Tyrer P., & Johnson T. (2006). Personality disorder and the outcome of depression: a meta-analysis of published studies. British Journal of Psychiatry 188: 13-20.
16. Newton-Howes G., Tyrer P., Johnson T., Mulder R., Kool S., Dekker J., & Schoevers R. (2014). Influence of personality on the outcome of treatment in depression: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Personality Disorders 28: 577-593.
17. Newton-Howes G., Clark LA, Chanen A. (2015). Personality disorder across the life course. Lancet 385: 727-734.
18. Pedersen G., Karterud S., Hummelen B., & Wilberg T. (2013). The impact of extended longitudinal observation on the assessment of personality disorders. Personality and Mental Health 7: 277-287.
19. Renner F., Bamelis L. L., Huibers M. J., Speckens A., & Arntz A. (2014). The impact of comorbid depression on recovery from personality disorders and improvements in psychosocial functioning: results from a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy 63: 55-62.
20. Sanatinia R., Wang D., Tyrer P., Tyrer H., Cooper S., Crawford M., Loebenberg G., & Barrett B. (2015). The impact of personality status on the cost and outcomes of cognitive behaviour therapy for health anxiety. British Journal of Psychiatry in press.
21. Seivewright H., Tyrer P., & Johnson T. (2004). Persistent social dysfunction in anxious and depressed patients with personality disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 109: 104-109.
22. Skodol A. E., Shea M. T., Yen S., White C. N., & Gunderson J. G. (2010). Personality disorders and mood disorders: perspectives on diagnosis and classification from studies of longitudinal course and familial associations. Journal of Personality Disorders 24: 83-108.
23. Skodol A. E., Geier T., Grant B. F., & Hasin D. S. (2014). Personality disorders and the persistence of anxiety disorders in a nationally representative sample. Depression and Anxiety 31: 721-728.
24. Spitzer R. L., & Williams J. B. W. (1987). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-Patient Version (SCID-P). New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
25. Surtees P. G., & Barkley C. (1994). Future imperfect: the long-term outcome of depression. British Journal of Psychiatry 164: 327-341.
26. Tyrer P., & Alexander J. (1979). Classification of personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 135: 163-167.
27. Tyrer P., Owen R. T., & Cicchetti D. (1984). The Brief Scale for Anxiety: a subdivision of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 47: 970-975.
28. Tyrer P., Seivewright N., Murphy S., Ferguson B., Kingdon D., Brothwell J., Darling C., Barczak P., Gregory S., & Johnson A. L. (1988). The Nottingham study of neurotic disorder: comparison of drug and psychological treatments. Lancet 332: 235-240.
29. Tyrer P., Seivewright N., Ferguson B., Murphy S., & Johnson A. L. (1993). The Nottingham study of neurotic disorder: impact of personality status on response to drug treatment, cognitive therapy and self-help over two years. British Journal of Psychiatry 162: 219-226.
30. Tyrer P., & Johnson T. (1996). Establishing the severity of personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 153: 1593-1597.
31. Tyrer P., Seivewright H., Simmonds S., & Johnson T. (2001). Prospective studies of cothymia (mixed anxiety-depression): how do they inform clinical practice? European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 251(suppl 2): 53-56.
32. Tyrer P. (2015). Personality dysfunction is the cause of recurrent non-cognitive mental disorder: a testable hypothesis. Personality and Mental Health 9: 1-7.
33. Tyrer P., & Simmonds S. (2003). Treatment models for those with severe mental illness and comorbid personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 182(suppl. 44): s15-s18.
34. Tyrer P., Seivewright H., & Johnson T. (2004). The Nottingham Study of Neurotic Disorder: predictors of 12year outcome of dysthymic, panic and generalised anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine 34: 1385-1394.
35. Tyrer P., Nur U., Crawford M., Karlsen S., McLean C., Rao B., & Johnson T. (2005). The Social Functioning Questionnaire: a rapid and robust measure of perceived functioning. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 51: 265-275.
36. Tyrer P., Coombs N., Ibrahimi F., Mathilakath A., Bajaj P., Ranger M., Rao B., & Din R. (2007). Critical developments in the assessment of personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 190(suppl 49): s51-s59.
37. Tyrer P., Crawford M., Mulder R., Blashfield R., Farnam A., Fossati A., Kim Y.-R., Koldobsky N., Lecic-Tosevski D., Ndetei D., Swales M., Clark L. A., & Reed G. M. (2011). The rationale for the reclassification of personality disorder in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Personality and Mental Health 5: 246-259.
38. Tyrer P., Crawford M., Sanatinia R., Tyrer H., Cooper S., Muller-Pollard C., Christodoulou P., Zauter-Tutt M., Miloseska-Reid K., Loebenberg G., Guo B., Yang M., Wang D., & Weich S. (2014). Preliminary studies of the ICD 11 classification of personality disorder in practice. Personality and Mental Health 8: 254-263.
39. Tyrer P., Reed G. M., & Crawford M. J. (2015). Classification, assessment, prevalence, and effect of personality disorder. Lancet 385: 717-726.
40. Yang M., Coid J., & Tyrer P. (2010). A national survey of personality pathology recorded by severity. British Journal of Psychiatry 197: 193-199.
41. Zanarini M. C. (2012). Diagnostic specificity and long-term prospective course of borderline personality disorder. Psychiatric Annals 42: 53-58.
42. Zigmond A. S., & Snaith R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 57: 361-370.