Spinoffs in Germany: characteristics, survival, and the role of their parents

Small Business Economics

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 93-114

  Fackler, Daniel ^a   Schnabel, Claus ^b   Schmucker, Alexandra ^c  

^a HALLE INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMIC RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

^c INSTITUTE FOR EMPLOYMENT RESEARCH IAB   (Germany)

Author keywords

Firm exits; Germany; Spinoffs; Startups

Indexed keywords

EID: 84953634922     PISSN: 0921898X     EISSN: 15730913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11187-015-9673-x     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Agarwal, R., Echambadi, R., Franco, A. M., & Sarkar, M. B. (2004). Knowledge transfer through inheritance: Spin-out generation, development, and survival. Academy of Management Journal,47(4), 501–522.
2. Andersson, M., & Klepper, S. (2013). Characteristics and performance of new firms and spinoffs in Sweden. Industrial and Corporate Change,22(1), 245–280.
3. Blossfeld, H.-P. (1987). Labor market entry and the sexual segregation of careers in the Federal Republic of Germany. American Journal of Sociology,93(1), 89–118.
4. Boschma, R. A., & Wenting, R. (2007). The spatial evolution of the British automobile industry: Does location matter? Industrial and Corporate Change,16(2), 213–238.
5. Brixy, U., & Fritsch, M. (2002). Die Betriebsdatei der Beschäftigtenstatistik der Bundesanstalt für Arbeit. In M. Fritsch & R. Grotz (Eds.), Das Gründungsgeschehen in Deutschland (pp. 55–77). Heidelberg: Physica.
6. Bruneel, J., Van de Velde, E., & Clarysse, B. (2013). Impact of the type of corporate spin-off on growth. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37(4), 943–959.
7. Buenstorf, G. (2007). Evolution on the shoulders of giants: Entrepreneurship and firm survival in the German laser industry. Review of Industrial Organization,30(3), 179–202.
8. Buenstorf, G. (2009). Opportunity spin-offs and necessity spin-offs. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing,1(1), 22–40.
9. Buenstorf, G., Guenther, C., & Wilfling, S. (2013). Enter at own risk: Technological discontinuities, endogenous entry timing and firm performance. Unpublished manuscript, Kassel, January 2013.
10. Burton, M. D., Sørensen, J. B., & Beckman, C. M. (2002). Coming from good stock: Career histories and new venture formation. In M. Lounsbury & M. J. Ventresca (Eds.), Research in the sociology of organizations (Vol. 19, pp. 229–262). Oxford: JAI Press.
11. Cabral, L., & Wang, Z. (2009). Spin-offs: Theory and evidence from the early U.S. automobile industry. Research working papers no. 08-15, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
12. Cameron, A. C., & Trivedi, P. K. (2005). Microeconometrics—Methods and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Cantner, U., Dreßler, K., & Krüger, J. J. (2006). Firm survival in the German automobile industry. Empirica,33(1), 49–60.
14. Cassiman, B., & Ueda, M. (2006). Optimal project rejection and new firm start-ups. Management Science,52(2), 262–275.
15. Caves, R. (1998). Industrial organization and new findings on the turnover and mobility of firms. Journal of Economic Literature,36(4), 1947–1982.
16. Cordes, C., Richerson, P. J., & Schwesinger, G. (2014). A corporation’s culture as an impetus for spinoffs and a driving force of industry evolution. Journal of Evolutionary Economics,24(3), 689–712.
17. Czarnitzki, D., Rammer, C., & Toole, A. A. (2014). University spin-offs and the “performance premium”. Small Business Economics,43(2), 309–326.
18. Dahl, M. S., & Reichstein, T. (2007). Are you experienced? Prior experience and the survival of new organizations. Industry and Innovation,14(5), 497–511.
19. Dahl, M. S., & Sorenson, O. (2014). The who, why, and how of spinoffs. Industrial and Corporate Change,23(3), 661–688.
20. Eberle, J., Jacobebbinghaus, P., Ludsteck, J., & Witter, J. (2011). Generation of time-consistent industry codes in the face of classification changes—Simple heuristic based on the Establishment History Panel (BHP). FDZ-Methodenreport 5/2011, Nürnberg.
21. Elfenbein, D. W., Hamilton, B. H., & Zenger, T. R. (2010). The small firm effect and the entrepreneurial spawning of scientists and engineers. Management Science,56(4), 659–681.
22. Eriksson, T., & Kuhn, J. M. (2006). Firm spin-offs in Denmark, 1981–2000—Patterns of entry and exit. International Journal of Industrial Organization,24(5), 1021–1040.
23. Fackler, D., & Schnabel, C. (2013). Survival of spinoffs and other startups: First evidence for the private sector in Germany, 1976–2008. IZA discussion paper no. 7542, Bonn.
24. Fackler, D., Schnabel, C., & Wagner, J. (2013). Establishment exits in Germany: The role of size and age. Small Business Economics,41(3), 683–700.
25. Franco, A. M., & Filson, D. (2006). Spin-outs: Knowledge diffusion through employee mobility. RAND Journal of Economics,37(4), 841–860.
26. Fritsch, M., & Brixy, U. (2004). The establishment file of the German social insurance statistics. Schmollers Jahrbuch,124(2), 183–190.
27. Fryges, H., Müller, B., & Niefert, M. (2014). Job machine, think tank, or both: What makes corporate spin-offs different? Small Business Economics,43(2), 369–391.
28. Fryges, H., & Wright, M. (2014). The origin of spin-offs: A typology of corporate and academic spin-offs. Small Business Economics,43(2), 245–259.
29. Geroski, P. A. (1995). What do we know about entry? International Journal of Industrial Organization,13(4), 421–440.
30. Gjerløv-Juel, P., & Dahl, M. S. (2012). Spinoff growth and job creation: Evidence on Denmark. In G. Buenstorf (Ed.), Evolution, organization and economic behavior (pp. 197–221). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
31. Gompers, P., Lerner, J., & Scharfstein, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial spawning: Public corporations and the genesis of new ventures, 1986 to 1999. Journal of Finance,60(2), 577–614.
32. Gruhl, A., Schmucker, A., & Seth, S. (2012). The Establishment History Panel 1975–2010. Handbook version 2.1.1. FDZ-Datenreport 4/2012, Nürnberg.
33. Hethey-Maier, T., & Schmieder, J. F. (2013). Does the use of worker flows improve the analysis of establishment turnover? Evidence from German administrative data. Schmollers Jahrbuch,133(4), 477–510.
34. Hvide, H. K. (2009). The quality of entrepreneurs. Economic Journal,119(539), 1010–1035.
35. Jenkins, S. P. (2005). Survival analysis. Unpublished manuscript, Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester.
36. Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (2002). The statistical analysis of failure time data (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Wiley.
37. Klepper, S. (2007). Disagreements, spinoffs, and the evolution of Detroit as the capital of the U.S. automobile industry. Management Science,53(4), 616–631.
38. Klepper, S. (2009). Spinoffs: A review and synthesis. European Management Review,6(3), 159–171.
39. Klepper, S. (2010). The origin and growth of industry clusters: The making of Silicon Valley and Detroit. Journal of Urban Economics,67(1), 15–32.
40. Klepper, S., & Thompson, P. (2010). Disagreements and intra-industry spinoffs. International Journal of Industrial Organization,28(5), 526–538.
41. Koch, A., & Krenz, J. (2010). The spatial concentration of German industries. An analysis based on micro-level data of firms and establishments. Unpublished manuscript, Tübingen.
42. Koch, A., Späth, J., & Strotmann, H. (2013). The role of employees for post-entry firm growth. Small Business Economics,41(3), 733–755.
43. Muendler, M.-A., Rauch, J. E., & Tocoian, O. (2012). Employee spinoffs and other entrants: Stylized facts from Brazil. International Journal of Industrial Organization,30(5), 447–458.
44. Rhein, K.v. (2008). Heritage and firm survival—An analysis of German automobile spinoffs 1886–1939. Economics Bulletin,12(13), 1–8.
45. Sørensen, J. B., & Phillips, D. J. (2011). Competence and commitment: Employer size and entrepreneurial endurance. Industrial and Corporate Change,20(5), 1277–1304.
46. Spengler, A. (2008). The Establishment History Panel. Schmollers Jahrbuch,128(3), 501–509.
47. Stephan, A. (2014). Are public research spin-offs more innovative? Small Business Economics,43(2), 353–368.
48. Wenting, R. (2008). Spinoff dynamics and the spatial formation of the fashion design industry, 1858–2005. Journal of Economic Geography,8(5), 593–614.
49. Wiggins, S. N. (1995). Entrepreneurial enterprises, endogenous ownership, and the limits to firm size. Economic Inquiry,33(1), 54–69.