메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 269-282

The reliability of global and hemispheric surface temperature records

Author keywords

SST; surface temperature data; temperature biases; temperature homogeneity; urban

Indexed keywords


EID: 84953439332     PISSN: 02561530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00376-015-5194-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (74)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 0037267157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island
    • Arnfield, A. J., 2003: Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. Inter. J. Climatol.,23, 1–26.
    • (2003) Inter. J. Climatol. , vol.23 , pp. 1-26
    • Arnfield, A.J.1
  • 2
    • 77952607296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early instrumental warm-bias: A solution for long Central Europe an temperature series 1760–2007
    • Böhm, R., P. D. Jones, J. Hiebl, D. Frank, M. Brunetti, and M. Maugeri, 2010: The early instrumental warm-bias: A solution for long Central Europe an temperature series 1760–2007. Climatic Change,101, 41–67.
    • (2010) Climatic Change , vol.101 , pp. 41-67
    • Böhm, R.1
  • 3
    • 84910050381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The concept of essential climate variables in support of climate research, applications, and policy
    • Bojinski, S., M. Verstraete, T. C. Peterson, C. Richter, A. Simmons, and M. Zemp, 2014: The concept of essential climate variables in support of climate research, applications, and policy. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,95, 1431–1443.
    • (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.95 , pp. 1431-1443
    • Bojinski, S.1
  • 4
    • 33750606092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: A new data set from 1850
    • Brohan, P., J. J. Kennedy, I. Harris, S. F. B. Tett, and P. D. Jones, 2006: Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: A new data set from 1850. J. Geophys. Res.,111, D12106, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006548.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111 , pp. 12106
    • Brohan, P.1
  • 5
    • 80053326192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The minimization of the screen bias from ancient Western Mediterranean air temperature records: an exploratory statistical analysis
    • Brunet, M., and Coauthors, 2011: The minimization of the screen bias from ancient Western Mediterranean air temperature records: an exploratory statistical analysis. Inter. J. Climatol.,31, 1879–1895, doi: 10.1002/joc. 2192.
    • (2011) Inter. J. Climatol. , vol.31 , pp. 1879-1895
    • Brunet, M.1
  • 6
    • 84977286646 scopus 로고
    • The artificial production of carbon dioxide and its influence on temperature
    • Callendar, G. S., 1938: The artificial production of carbon dioxide and its influence on temperature. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,64, 223–240, doi: 10.1002/qj.49706427503.
    • (1938) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.64 , pp. 223-240
    • Callendar, G.S.1
  • 7
    • 84979316410 scopus 로고
    • Temperature fluctuations and trends over the earth
    • Callendar, G. S., 1961: Temperature fluctuations and trends over the earth. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,87, 1–12, doi: 10.1002/qj.49708737102.
    • (1961) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.87 , pp. 1-12
    • Callendar, G.S.1
  • 8
    • 79251484956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The twentieth century reanalysis project
    • Compo, G. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The twentieth century reanalysis project. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,137, 1–28, doi: 10.1002/qj.776.
    • (2011) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.137 , pp. 1-28
    • Compo, G.P.1
  • 9
    • 84880561000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent confirmation of global land warming without the use of station
    • Compo, G. P., P. D. Sardesmukh, J. S. Whitaker, P. Brohan, P. D. Jones, and C. McColl, 2013: Independent confirmation of global land warming without the use of station. Geophys. Res. Lett.,40, 3170–3174, doi: 10.1002/grl.50425.
    • (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.40 , pp. 3170-3174
    • Compo, G.P.1
  • 11
    • 84908894828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coverage bias in the hadcrut4 temperature series and its impact on recent temperature trends
    • Cowtan, K., and R. G. Way, 2014: Coverage bias in the hadcrut4 temperature series and its impact on recent temperature trends. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,140, 1935–1944, doi: 10.1002/qj.2297.
    • (2014) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.140 , pp. 1935-1944
    • Cowtan, K.1
  • 12
    • 79955446270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
    • Dee, D. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,137, 553–597, doi: 10.1002/ qj.828.
    • (2011) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.137 , pp. 553-597
    • Dee, D.P.1
  • 13
    • 0002866341 scopus 로고
    • Farmer, G., T. M. L. Wigley, P. D. Jones, and M. Salmon, 1989: Documenting and explaining recent global-mean temperature changes. Final Report to the Natural Environment Research Council, Contract No. GR3/6565, East Anglia University, Norwich, UK. [Available online at http://wwwcruueaac. uk/cru/pubs/pdf/Farmer-1989-NERCpdf.]
    • (1989) Documenting and explaining recent global-mean temperature changes
    • Farmer, G.1
  • 14
    • 21344451366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing bias corrections in historical sea surface temperature using a climate model
    • Folland, C. K., 2005: Assessing bias corrections in historical sea surface temperature using a climate model. Inter. J. Climatol.,25, 895–911, doi: 10.1002/joc.1171.
    • (2005) Inter. J. Climatol. , vol.25 , pp. 895-911
    • Folland, C.K.1
  • 15
    • 0028829834 scopus 로고
    • Correction of instrumental biases in historical sea surface temperature data
    • Folland, C. K., and D. E. Parker, 1995: Correction of instrumental biases in historical sea surface temperature data. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,121, 319–367.
    • (1995) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.121 , pp. 319-367
    • Folland, C.K.1
  • 16
    • 84857951521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global temperature evolution 1979-2010
    • Foster, G., and S. Rahmstorf, 2011: Global temperature evolution 1979-2010. Environ. Res. Lett.,6, 044022, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/044022.
    • (2011) Environ. Res. Lett. , vol.6 , pp. 044022
    • Foster, G.1
  • 17
    • 0000850644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GISS analysis of surface temperature change
    • Hansen, J., R. Ruedy, J. Glascoe, and M. Sato, 1999: GISS analysis of surface temperature change. J. Geophys. Res.,104, 30997–31022, doi: 10.1029/1999JD900835.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 30997-31022
    • Hansen, J.1
  • 19
    • 78649286836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global surface temperature change
    • Hansen, J., R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K. Lo, 2010: Global surface temperature change. Rev. Geophys.,48, RG4004, doi: 10.1029/2010RG000345.
    • (2010) Rev. Geophys. , vol.48 , pp. 4004
    • Hansen, J.1
  • 21
    • 84890155530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On increasing global temperatures: 75 years after Callendar
    • Hawkins, E., and P. D. Jones, 2013: On increasing global temperatures: 75 years after Callendar. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,139, 1961–1963, doi: 10.1002/qj.2178.
    • (2013) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.139 , pp. 1961-1963
    • Hawkins, E.1
  • 22
    • 84941029647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ERA-20CM: A twentieth-century atmospheric model ensemble
    • Hersbach, H., C. Peubey, A. Simmons, P. Berrisford, P. Poli, and D. Dee, 2015: ERA-20CM: A twentieth-century atmospheric model ensemble. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,141, 2350–2375, doi: 10.1002/qj.2528.
    • (2015) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.141 , pp. 2350-2375
    • Hersbach, H.1
  • 23
    • 84923008551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended reconstructed Sea surface temperature Version 4 (ERSSTv4). Part I: upgrades and intercomparisons
    • Huang, B. Y., and Coauthors, 2015: Extended reconstructed Sea surface temperature Version 4 (ERSSTv4). Part I: upgrades and intercomparisons. J. Climate,28, 911–930.
    • (2015) J. Climate , vol.28 , pp. 911-930
    • Huang, B.Y.1
  • 24
    • 21344436150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective analyses of Sea-surface temperature and marine meteorological variables for the 20th century using ICOADS and the Kobe collection
    • Ishii, M., A. Shouji, S. Sugimoto, and T. Matsumoto, 2005: Objective analyses of Sea-surface temperature and marine meteorological variables for the 20th century using ICOADS and the Kobe collection. Inter. J. Climatol.,25, 865–879.
    • (2005) Inter. J. Climatol. , vol.25 , pp. 865-879
    • Ishii, M.1
  • 26
    • 0028585595 scopus 로고
    • Hemispheric surface air temperature variations: a reanalysis and an update to 1993
    • Jones, P. D., 1994: Hemispheric surface air temperature variations: a reanalysis and an update to 1993. J. Climate,7, 1794–1802.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 1794-1802
    • Jones, P.D.1
  • 27
    • 77949288444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The urban heat island in central London and urban-related warming trends in central London since 1900
    • Jones, P. D., and D. H. Lister, 2009: The urban heat island in central London and urban-related warming trends in central London since 1900. Weather,64, 323–327.
    • (2009) Weather , vol.64 , pp. 323-327
    • Jones, P.D.1
  • 28
    • 84930381122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antarctic near-surface air temperatures compared with ERA-Interim values since 1979
    • Jones, P. D., and D. H. Lister, 2015: Antarctic near-surface air temperatures compared with ERA-Interim values since 1979. International Journal of Climatology,35, 1354–1366, doi: 10.1002/joc.4061.
    • (2015) International Journal of Climatology , vol.35 , pp. 1354-1366
    • Jones, P.D.1
  • 29
    • 77952632512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of global temperature trends: What’s important and what isn’t
    • Jones, P. D., and T. M. L. Wigley, 2010: Estimation of global temperature trends: What’s important and what isn’t. Climatic Change,100, 59–69.
    • (2010) Climatic Change , vol.100 , pp. 59-69
    • Jones, P.D.1
  • 30
    • 0025658170 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of urbanization effects in time series of surface air temperature over land
    • Jones, P. D., P. Y. Groisman, M. Coughlan, N. Plummer, W.-C. Wang, and T. R. Karl, 1990: Assessment of urbanization effects in time series of surface air temperature over land. Nature,347, 169–172.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 169-172
    • Jones, P.D.1
  • 31
    • 0031420240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating sampling errors in large-scale temperature averages
    • Jones, P. D., T. J. Osborn, and K. R. Briffa, 1997: Estimating sampling errors in large-scale temperature averages. J. Climate,10, 2548–2568.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 2548-2568
    • Jones, P.D.1
  • 32
    • 1542340254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the Northern hemisphere annual cycle: Implications for paleoclimatology? J
    • Jones, P. D., K. R. Briffa, and T. J. Osborn, 2003: Changes in the Northern hemisphere annual cycle: Implications for paleoclimatology? J. Geophys. Res.,108, 4588, doi: 10.1029/2003JD 003695.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4588
    • Jones, P.D.1
  • 33
    • 56249084277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization effects in large-scale temperature records, with an emphasis on China
    • Jones, P. D., D. H. Lister, and Q. Li, 2008: Urbanization effects in large-scale temperature records, with an emphasis on China. J. Geophys. Res.,113, D16122, doi: 10.1029/2008JD009916.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113 , pp. 16122
    • Jones, P.D.1
  • 34
    • 84858802743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemispheric and large-scale landsurface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2010
    • Jones, P. D., D. H. Lister, T. J. Osborn, C. Harpham, M. Salmon, and C. P. Morice, 2012: Hemispheric and large-scale landsurface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2010. J. Geophys. Res.,117, D05127, doi: 10.1029/2011JD017139.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117 , pp. 5127
    • Jones, P.D.1
  • 35
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project
    • Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,77, 437–471.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 36
    • 0022843386 scopus 로고
    • A model to estimate the time of observation bias associated with monthly mean maximum, minimum and mean temperatures for the United States
    • Karl, T. R., C. N. Williams Jr., P. J. Young, and W. M. Wendland, 1986: A model to estimate the time of observation bias associated with monthly mean maximum, minimum and mean temperatures for the United States. J. Climate Appl. Meteor.,25, 145–160.
    • (1986) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.25 , pp. 145-160
    • Karl, T.R.1
  • 37
    • 0028571365 scopus 로고
    • Global and hemispheric temperature trends: Uncertainties related to inadequate spatial sampling
    • Karl, T. R., R. W. Knight, and J. R. Christy, 1994: Global and hemispheric temperature trends: Uncertainties related to inadequate spatial sampling. J. Climate,7, 1144–1163.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 1144-1163
    • Karl, T.R.1
  • 38
    • 84933557746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible artifacts of data biases in the recent global surface warming hiatus
    • Karl, T. R., and Coauthors, 2015: Possible artifacts of data biases in the recent global surface warming hiatus. Science,348, 1469–1472.
    • (2015) Science , vol.348 , pp. 1469-1472
    • Karl, T.R.1
  • 39
    • 84899645824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of uncertainty in in situ measurements and data sets of Sea surface temperature
    • Kennedy, J. J., 2014: A review of uncertainty in in situ measurements and data sets of Sea surface temperature. Rev. Geophys.,52, 1–32, doi: 10.1002/2013RG000434.
    • (2014) Rev. Geophys. , vol.52 , pp. 1-32
    • Kennedy, J.J.1
  • 40
    • 79960101467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessing biases and other uncertainties in Sea surface temperature observations measured in situ since 1850: 1. Measurement and sampling uncertainties
    • Kennedy, J. J., N. A. Rayner, R. O. Smith, D. E. Parker, and M. Saunby, 2011a: Reassessing biases and other uncertainties in Sea surface temperature observations measured in situ since 1850: 1. Measurement and sampling uncertainties. J. Geophys. Res., 116, doi: 10.1029/2010JD015218.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , pp. 116
    • Kennedy, J.J.1    Rayner, N.A.2    Smith, R.O.3    Parker, D.E.4    Saunby, M.5
  • 41
    • 79960101467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessing biases and other uncertainties in Sea surface temperature observations measured in situ since 1850: 2. Biases and homogenization
    • Kennedy, J. J., N. A. Rayner, R. O. Smith, D. E. Parker, and M. Saunby, 2011b: Reassessing biases and other uncertainties in Sea surface temperature observations measured in situ since 1850: 2. Biases and homogenization. J. Geophys. Res., 116, doi: 10.1029/2010JD015220.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , pp. 116
    • Kennedy, J.J.1    Rayner, N.A.2    Smith, R.O.3    Parker, D.E.4    Saunby, M.5
  • 42
    • 79956268377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ef fects of instrumentation changes on sea surface temperature measured in situ
    • Kent, E. C., J. J. Kennedy, D. I. Berry, and R. O. Smith, 2010: Ef fects of instrumentation changes on sea surface temperature measured in situ. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,1(5), 718–728, doi: 10.1002/wcc.55.
    • (2010) Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change , vol.1 , Issue.5 , pp. 718-728
    • Kent, E.C.1
  • 43
    • 84880290117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global analysis of night marine air temperature and its uncertainty since
    • Kent, E. C., N. A. Rayner, D. I. Berry, M. Saunby, B. I. Moat, J. J. Kennedy, and D. E. Parker, 2013: Global analysis of night marine air temperature and its uncertainty since 1880: The HadNMAT2 data set. J. Geophys. Res.,118, 1281–1298, doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50152.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.118 , pp. 1281-1298
    • Kent, E.C.1
  • 44
    • 84905348372 scopus 로고
    • Über mehrjährige perioden der witterung, insbesondere über die 11-jährige periode der temperatur
    • Köppen, W., 1873: Über mehrjährige perioden der witterung, insbesondere über die 11-jährige periode der temperatur. Zeitschrift der ö sterreichischen Gesellschaft für Meteorologie, Bd VIII,241–248, 257–267.
    • (1873) Zeitschrift der ö sterreichischen Gesellschaft für Meteorologie, Bd VIII , vol.241-248 , pp. 257-267
    • Köppen, W.1
  • 45
    • 57049176371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical overview of climate change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
    • Solomon S., (ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
    • Le Treut, H., R. Somerville, U. Cubasch, Y. Ding, C. Mauritzen, A. Mokssit, T. Peterson, and M. Prather, 2007: Historical overview of climate change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon et al., Eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 93–127.
    • (2007) Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , pp. 93-127
    • Le Treut, H.1
  • 46
    • 84925190783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of urbanization signals in extreme winter minimum temperature changes over Northern China
    • Li, Q. X, J. Y. Huang, Z. H. Jiang, L. M. Zhou, P. Chu, and K. X. Hu, 2014: Detection of urbanization signals in extreme winter minimum temperature changes over Northern China. Climatic Change,122, 595–608.
    • (2014) Climatic Change , vol.122 , pp. 595-608
    • Li, Q.X.1
  • 47
    • 84923033018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended reconstructed Sea surface temperature Version 4 (ERSSTv4): Part II. Parametric and structural uncertainty estimations
    • Liu, W., and Coauthors, 2015: Extended reconstructed Sea surface temperature Version 4 (ERSSTv4): Part II. Parametric and structural uncertainty estimations. J. Climate,28, 931–951.
    • (2015) J. Climate , vol.28 , pp. 931-951
    • Liu, W.1
  • 48
    • 78650229429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monthly surface air temperature time series area-averaged over the 30-degree latitudinal belts of the globe, 1881–2005
    • Lugina, K. M., P. Y. Groisman, K. Y. Vinnikov, V. V. Koknaeva, and N. A. Speranskaya, 2006: Monthly surface air temperature time series area-averaged over the 30-degree latitudinal belts of the globe, 1881–2005. Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Dept. Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. [Available online at http://cdiacesdornlgov/trends/temp/lugina/luginahtml.]
    • (2006) Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change
    • Lugina, K.M.1
  • 49
    • 85193161293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information from paleoclimate archives. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, T. F. Stocker, Eds. Cambridge University Press
    • United Kingdom and New York, NY: USA
    • Masson Delmotte, V. M., and Coauthors, 2013: Information from paleoclimate archives. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, T. F. Stocker et al., Eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
    • (2013) Cambridge
    • Masson Delmotte, V.M.1
  • 51
    • 68949220248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The U.S historical climatology network monthly temperature data, Version 2
    • Menne, M. J., C. N. Williams Jr., and R. S. Vose, 2009: The U.S historical climatology network monthly temperature data, Version 2. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,90, 993–1007.
    • (2009) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.90 , pp. 993-1007
    • Menne, M.J.1
  • 52
    • 0242318735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Were southern Swedish summer temperatures before 1860 as warm as measured?
    • Moberg, A., H. Alexandersson, H. Bergström, and P. D. Jones, 2003: Were southern Swedish summer temperatures before 1860 as warm as measured? Inter. J. Climatol.,23, 1495–1521.
    • (2003) Inter. J. Climatol. , vol.23 , pp. 1495-1521
    • Moberg, A.1
  • 53
    • 84859909987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying uncertainties in global and regional temperature change using an ensemble of observational estimates: the HadCRUT4 data set
    • Morice, C. P., J. J. Kennedy, N. A. Rayner, and P. D. Jones, 2012: Quantifying uncertainties in global and regional temperature change using an ensemble of observational estimates: the HadCRUT4 data set. J. Geophys. Res.,117, D08101, doi: 10.1029/2011JD017187.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117 , pp. 8101
    • Morice, C.P.1
  • 54
    • 0030425215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical thermometer exposures in Australia
    • Nicholls, N., R. Tapp, K. Burrows, and D. Richards, 1996: Historical thermometer exposures in Australia. Inter. J. Climatol.,16, 705–710.
    • (1996) Inter. J. Climatol. , vol.16 , pp. 705-710
    • Nicholls, N.1
  • 55
    • 0028336271 scopus 로고
    • Effects of changing exposure of thermometers at land stations
    • Parker, D. E., 1994: Effects of changing exposure of thermometers at land stations. Inter. J. Climatol.,14, 1–31.
    • (1994) Inter. J. Climatol. , vol.14 , pp. 1-31
    • Parker, D.E.1
  • 56
    • 9244241058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate: large-scale warming is not urban
    • Parker, D. E., 2004: Climate: large-scale warming is not urban. Nature,432, 290 pp.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 290
    • Parker, D.E.1
  • 57
    • 33745948295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A demonstration that large-scale warming is not urban
    • Parker, D. E., 2006: A demonstration that large-scale warming is not urban. J. Climate,19, 2882–2895.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 2882-2895
    • Parker, D.E.1
  • 58
    • 77952189783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban heat island effects on estimates of observed climate change
    • Parker, D. E., 2010: Urban heat island effects on estimates of observed climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,1(1), 123–133, doi: 10.1002/wcc.21.
    • (2010) Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 123-133
    • Parker, D.E.1
  • 59
    • 80455150019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent land surface air temperature trends assessed using the 20th century reanalysis
    • Parker, D. E., 2011: Recent land surface air temperature trends assessed using the 20th century reanalysis. J. Geophys. Res.,116, D20125, doi: 10.1029/2011JD016438.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116 , pp. 20125
    • Parker, D.E.1
  • 60
    • 65849468223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on “Unresolved issues with the assessment of multidecadal global land surface temperature trends” by Roger A
    • Parker, D. E., P. Jones, T. C. Peterson, and J. Kennedy, 2009: Comment on “Unresolved issues with the assessment of multidecadal global land surface temperature trends” by Roger A. Pielke Sr. et al. J. Geophys. Res.,114, D05104, doi: 10.1029/ 2008JD010450.
    • (2009) Pielke Sr. et al. J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114 , pp. 5104
    • Parker, D.E.1
  • 61
    • 26844582841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban heat island assessment: metadata are important
    • Peterson, T. C., and T. W. Owen, 2005: Urban heat island assessment: metadata are important. J. Climate,18, 2637–2646.
    • (2005) J. Climate , vol.18 , pp. 2637-2646
    • Peterson, T.C.1
  • 62
    • 84953400967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The data assimilation system and initial performance evaluation of the ECMWF pilot reanalysis of the 20th-century assimilating surface observations only (ERA-20C)
    • Poli, P., and Coauthors, 2013: The data assimilation system and initial performance evaluation of the ECMWF pilot reanalysis of the 20th-century assimilating surface observations only (ERA-20C). ERA Report Series, 14 pp.
    • (2013) ERA Report Series , pp. 14
    • Poli, P.1
  • 63
    • 0026305657 scopus 로고
    • Effects of recent thermometer changes in the cooperative station network
    • Quayle, R. G., D. R. Easterling, T. R. Karl, and P. Y. Hughes, 1991: Effects of recent thermometer changes in the cooperative station network. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,72, 1718–1723.
    • (1991) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.72 , pp. 1718-1723
    • Quayle, R.G.1
  • 64
    • 44349170615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization effects on observed surface air temperature trends in North China
    • Ren, G. Y., Y. Q. Zhou, Z. Y. Chu, J. X. Zhou, A. Y. Zhang, J. Guo, and X. F. Liu, 2008: Urbanization effects on observed surface air temperature trends in North China. J. Climate,21, 1333–1348.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 1333-1348
    • Ren, G.Y.1
  • 65
    • 84933536629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The international surface temperature initiative global land surface databank: Monthly temperature data release description and methods
    • Rennie, J., and Coauthors, 2014: The international surface temperature initiative global land surface databank: Monthly temperature data release description and methods. Geoscience Data Journal,1, 75–102, doi: 10.1002/gdj3.8.
    • (2014) Geoscience Data Journal , vol.1 , pp. 75-102
    • Rennie, J.1
  • 68
    • 76249093293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency variations in surface atmospheric humidity, temperature, and precipitation: inferences from reanalyses and monthly gridded observational data sets
    • Simmons, A. J., K. M. Willett, P. D. Jones, P. W. Thorne, and D. P. Dee, 2010: Low-frequency variations in surface atmospheric humidity, temperature, and precipitation: inferences from reanalyses and monthly gridded observational data sets. J. Geophys. Res.,115, D01110, doi: 10.1029/2009JD012442.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115 , pp. 1110
    • Simmons, A.J.1
  • 69
    • 21844474900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global merged land and sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations (1880–1997)
    • Smith, T. M., R. W., and Reynolds, 2005: A global merged land and sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations (1880–1997). J Climate,18, 2021–2036.
    • (2005) J Climate , vol.18 , pp. 2021-2036
    • Smith, T.M.1
  • 70
    • 45349109008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvements to NOAA’s historical merged Land-Ocean surface temperature analysis (1880–2006)
    • Smith, T. M., R. W. Reynolds, T. C. Peterson, and J. Lawrimore, 2008: Improvements to NOAA’s historical merged Land-Ocean surface temperature analysis (1880–2006). J. Climate,21, 2283–2293.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 2283-2293
    • Smith, T.M.1
  • 71
    • 44449160396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large discontinuity in the mid-twentieth century in observed global-mean surface temperature
    • Thompson, D. W. J., J. J. Kennedy, J. M. Wallace, and P. D. Jones, 2008: A large discontinuity in the mid-twentieth century in observed global-mean surface temperature. Nature,453, 646–649.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.453 , pp. 646-649
    • Thompson, D.W.J.1
  • 72
    • 76349085006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying signatures of natural climate variability in time series of global-mean surface temperature: Methodology and insights
    • Thompson, D. W. J., J. M. Wallace, P. D. Jones, and J. J. Kennedy, 2009: Identifying signatures of natural climate variability in time series of global-mean surface temperature: Methodology and insights. J. Climate,22, 6120–6141.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 6120-6141
    • Thompson, D.W.J.1
  • 74
    • 79956274361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure, instrumentation, and observing practice effects on land temperature measurements
    • Trewin, B., 2010: Exposure, instrumentation, and observing practice effects on land temperature measurements. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,1, 490–506, doi: 10.1002/wcc.46, 2010.
    • (2010) Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change , vol.1 , pp. 490-506
    • Trewin, B.1
  • 75
    • 84855798694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benchmarking homogenization algorithms for monthly data
    • Venema, V. K. C., and Coauthors, 2012: Benchmarking homogenization algorithms for monthly data. Climates of the Past,8, 89–115.
    • (2012) Climates of the Past , vol.8 , pp. 89-115
    • Venema, V.K.C.1
  • 76
    • 84869408952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOAA’s merged Land–Ocean surface temperature analysis
    • Vose, R. S., and Coauthors, 2012: NOAA’s merged Land–Ocean surface temperature analysis. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,93, 1677–1685, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00241.1.
    • (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.93 , pp. 1677-1685
    • Vose, R.S.1
  • 77
    • 84949987391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new estimation of urbanization’s contribution to the warming trend in China
    • Wang, F., Q. S. Ge, S. W. Wang, Q. X. Li, and P. D. Jones, 2015: A new estimation of urbanization’s contribution to the warming trend in China. J. Climate,28, 8923–8938, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00427.1.
    • (2015) J. Climate , vol.28 , pp. 8923-8938
    • Wang, F.1
  • 78
    • 84882764435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On “observation minus reanalysis” method: A view from multidecadal variability
    • Wang, J., Z. W. Yan, P. D. Jones, and J. J. Xia, 2013: On “observation minus reanalysis” method: A view from multidecadal variability. J. Geophys. Res.,118, 7450–7458, doi: 10.1002/ jgrd.50574.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.118 , pp. 7450-7458
    • Wang, J.1
  • 80
    • 79952050437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal variations in the nocturnal heat island of London
    • Wilby, R. L., P. D. Jones, and D. H. Lister, 2011: Decadal variations in the nocturnal heat island of London. Weather,66, 59–64. Woodruff, S. D., and Coauthors, 2011: ICOADS release 2.5: extensions and enhancements to the surface marine meteorological archive. Inter. J. Climatol.,31, 951–967, doi: 10.1002/joc.2103.
    • (2011) Weather , vol.66 , pp. 59-64
    • Wilby, R.L.1
  • 81
    • 84885984485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homogenization of Chinese daily surface air temperatures and analysis of trends in the extreme temperature indices
    • Xu, W. H., Q. X. Li, X. L. Wang, S. Yang, L. J. Cao, and Y. Feng, 2013: Homogenization of Chinese daily surface air temperatures and analysis of trends in the extreme temperature indices. J. Geophys. Res.,118, 9708–9720, doi: 10.1002/jgrd. 50791.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.118 , pp. 9708-9720
    • Xu, W.H.1
  • 82
    • 84902108706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trend of surface air temperature in eastern china and associated large-scale climate variability over the last 100 years
    • Zhao, P., P. D. Jones, L. J. Cao, Z. W. Yan, S. Y. Zha, Y. N. Zhu, Y. Yu, and G. L. Tang, 2014: Trend of surface air temperature in eastern china and associated large-scale climate variability over the last 100 years. J. Climate.27, 4693–4703, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00397.1.
    • (2014) J. Climate. , vol.27 , pp. 4693-4703
    • Zhao, P.1
  • 83
    • 3042831864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate in China
    • Zhou, L. M., R. E. Dickinson, Y. H. Tian, J. Y. Fang, Q. X. Li, R. K. Kaufmann, C. J. Tucker, and R. B. Myneni, 2004: Evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate in China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,101, 9540–9544.
    • (2004) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol.101 , pp. 9540-9544
    • Zhou, L.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.