Prime mover or fellow traveller: 25-hydroxy vitamin D's seasonal variation, cardiovascular disease and death in the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC)

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 44, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 1602-1612

  Tunstall Pedoe, Hugh ^a   Woodward, Mark ^a,b,c   Hughes, Maria ^d,e   Anderson, Annie ^a   Kennedy, Gwen ^a   Belch, Jill ^a   Kuulasmaa, Kari ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^d QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY HEART CENTER HAMBURG   (Germany)

^f NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Causality; Cohort study; Mortality; Seasonality; Vitamin D

Indexed keywords

25 HYDROXYVITAMIN D; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D; VITAMIN D;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HEALTH GEOGRAPHY; HEALTH STATUS; MORTALITY; SEASONAL VARIATION; SEASONALITY; VITAMIN DEFICIENCY;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; COHORT ANALYSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OSCILLATION; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SEASONAL VARIATION; SMOKING; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TRAVEL; AGED; ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES; BLOOD; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; SCOTLAND; SEASON; VERY ELDERLY; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY;

SCOTLAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COHORT STUDIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; RISK FACTORS; SCOTLAND; SEASONS; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY;

EID: 84952933460     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv092     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Brøndum-Jacobsen P, Benn M, Jensen GB, Nordestgaard BG. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and early death: population-based study and meta-analyses of 18 and 17 studies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012;32:2794-802.
2. Tomson JT, Emberson J, Hill Met al. Vitamin D and risk of death from vascular and non-vascular causes in the Whitehall study and meta-analyses of 12, 000 deaths. EurHeart J 2013;34:1365-74.
3. Chowdhury R, Kunutsor S, Vitezova A et al. Vitamin D and risk of cause specific death: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort and randomised intervention studies. BMJ 2014:348:g1903.
4. Theodoratou E, Tzoulaki I, Zgaga L, Ioannidis JP. Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials. BMJ 2014;348:g2035.
5. Manson JE, Bassuk SS, Lee IM et al. The VITamin D and OmegA-3 Trial (VITAL): rationale and design of a large randomized controlled trial of vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acid supplements for the primary prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Contemp Clin Trials 2012;33:159-71.
6. Finnish Vitamin D Trial (FIND). https://www.uef.fi/fi/nutritionepidemiologists/find2 (5 February 2015, date last accessed).
7. Afzal S, Brøndum-Jacobsen P, Benn M, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG. Genetically low vitamin D concentrations and increased mortality: mendelian randomisation analysis in three large cohorts. BMJ 2014;349:g6330.
8. Scragg R. Vitamin D and public health: an overview of recent research on common diseases and mortality in adulthood. Public Health Nutr 2011;14:1515-32.
9. Annuzzi G, Della Pepa G, Vetrani C. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: is there evidence to support the bandwagon? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2012;14:525-34.
10. Sattar N, Welsh P, Panarelli M, Forouhi NG. Increasing requests for vitamin D measurements: costly, confusing and without credibility. Lancet 2012;379:95-96.
11. Herrmann M. The measurement of 25-hydroxy vitamin D-an analytical challenge. Clin Lab Med 2012;50:1873-75.
12. Kasahara AK, Singh RJ, Noymer A. Vitamin D (25OHD) serum seasonality in the United States. PLoS One 2013;8:e65785.
13. Hyppönen E, Power C. Hypovitaminosis D in British adults at age 45 y: nationwide cohort study of dietary and lifestyle predictors. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:860-68.
14. Scragg R. Seasonality of cardiovascular disease mortality and the possible protective effect of ultra-violet radiation. Int J Epidemiol 1981;10:337-41.
15. Tunstall-Pedoe H, Woodward M, Tavendale R, A'Brook R, McCluskey MK. Comparison of the prediction by 27 different factors of coronary heart disease and death in men and women of the Scottish Heart Health Study: cohort study. BMJ 1997; 315:722-29.
16. Bradford Hill A. The environment and disease: association or causation. Proc R Soc Med 1965;58:295-300.
17. Blankenberg S, Zeller T, Saarela O et al; for the MORGAM Investigators. Contribution of 30 biomarkers to 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in 2 population cohorts: the MONICA, risk, genetics, archiving, and monograph (MORGAM) biomarker project. Circulation 2010;121:2388-97.
18. Zeller T, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Saarela O et al; for the MORGAM Investigators. High population prevalence of cardiac troponin I measured by a high-sensitivity assay and cardiovascular risk estimation: the MORGAM Biomarker project Scottish cohort. Eur Heart J 2014;35:271-81.
19. BiomarCa RE. Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe. http://www.biomarcare.eu/(5 February 2015, date last accessed).
20. Tunstall-Pedoe H, ed; for the WHO MONICA Project. MONICA Monograph and Multimedia Sourcebook. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.
21. Smith WCS, Crombie IK, Tavendale R, Irving JM, Kenicer MB, Tunstall-Pedoe H. The Scottish Heart Health Study: objectives and development of methods. Health Bull (Edinb) 1987;45: 211-17.
22. Kendrick S, Clarke J. The Scottish Record Linkage System. Health Bull (Edinb) 1993;51:72-79.
23. Woodward M, Brindle P, Tunstall-Pedoe H; for the SIGN group on risk estimation. Adding social deprivation and family history to cardiovascular risk assessment: the ASSIGN score from the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC). Heart 2007; 93:172-76.
24. Wielders JP, Wijnberg FA. Preanalytic stability of 25(OH)-vitamin D3 in human blood or serum at room temperature: solid as a rock. Clin Chem 2009;55:1584-85.
25. Cavalier E, Carlisi A, Bekaert AC, Rousselle O, Chapelle JP, Souberbielle JC. Analytical evaluation of the new Abbott Architect 25-OHvitaminD assay. Clin Biochem2012;45:505-08.
26. Harrell FE, CaliffRM, Pryor DB, Lee KL, Rosati RA. Evaluating the yield of medical tests. JAMA 1982;247:2543-46.
27. Newsom RB. Comparing the predictive power of survival models using Harrell's C or Somers' D. Stata J 2010;10:339-58.
28. Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB Sr, Steyerberg EW. Extensions of net reclassification improvement calculations to measure usefulness of new biomarkers. Stat Med 2011;30:11-21.
29. Jorde R, Sneve M, Hutchinson M, Emaus N, Figenschau Y, Grimnes G. Tracking of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels during 14 years in a population-based study and during 12 months in an intervention study. Am J Epidemiol 2010;171:903-08.
30. The Eurowinter Group. Cold exposure and winter mortality from ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, and all causes in warm and cold regions of Europe. Lancet 1997;349:1341-46.
31. Anderson HR, Ponce de Leon A, Bland JM, Bower JS, Strachan DP. Air pollution and daily mortality in London 1987-92. BMJ 1996;312:665-69.
32. Barnett AG, Dobson AJ, McElduffP, Salomaa V, Kuulasmaa K, Sans S; for the WHOMONICA Project. Cold periods and coronary events: an analysis of populations worldwide. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005;59:551-57.
33. Healy JD. Excess winter mortality in Europe: a cross-country analysis identifying key risk factors. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:784-89.
34. http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/theme/vital-events/general/weekly-monthly-births-death-data/monthly-deaths.html (5 February 2015, date last accessed).