Neotectonics of the Yakutat Collision: Changes in Deformation Driven by Mass Redistribution

Active Tectonics and Seismic Potential of Alaska

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 65-81

  Chapman, James B ^a   Pavlis, Terry L ^a   Gulick, Sean ^b   Berger, Aaron ^c   Lowe, Lindsay ^b   Spotila, James ^c   Bruhn, Ronald ^d   Vorkink, Michael ^d   Koons, Peter ^e   Barker, Adam ^e   Picornell, Carlos ^f   Ridgway, Ken ^g   Hallet, Bernard ^h   Jaeger, John ⁱ   McCalpin, James ^j  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^c VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MAINE   (United States)

^f CHEVRON ENERGY TECHNOLOGY COMPANY   (United States)

^g PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^j GEO HAZ Consulting   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Earthquake zones Alaska; Geodynamics Alaska; Geology, Structural Alaska

Indexed keywords

DEFORMATION; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; TECTONICS;

CONTINUING DEVELOPMENT; EARTHQUAKE ZONES; MASS REDISTRIBUTION; RAPID SEDIMENTATION; SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT; SPATIAL DEFORMATION; STRUCTURAL REORGANIZATION; TECTONIC EVOLUTION;

GEODYNAMICS;

EID: 84952787690     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1029/179GM04     Document Type: Chapter

References (82)

1. Bauer, M. A., G. L. Pavlis, and R. Hansen (2007), Crustal thickness estimates for the Chugach-St. Elias, Alaska, region from receiver functions, Eos Trans. AGU, Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S33A-1040.
2. Berger, A. L., J. Spotila, J. Chapman, T. Pavlis, E. Enkelmann, and J. Buscher (2008), Architecture, kinematics, and exhumation of a convergent wedge: A thermochronological investigation of tectonic-climatic interactions within the central St. Elias Orogen, Alaska, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 270, 13-24.
3. Bird, P. (1996), Computer simulations of Alaskan neotectonics, Tectonics, 15, 225-236.
4. Brandon, M. T. (2004), The Cascadia subduction wedge: The role of accretion, uplift, and erosion, in Earth Structure, An Introduction to Structural Geology and Tectonics, pp. 566-574, WCB/ McGraw Hill Press, New York.
5. Bruhn, R. L., T. L. Pavlis, G. Plafker, and L. Serpa (2004), Deformation during terrane accretion in the Saint Elias orogen, Alaska, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 116, 771-787.
6. Bruhn, R. L., J. McCalpin, T. Pavlis, F. Gutierrez, J. Guerrero, P. Lucha, and M. Vorkink (2006), Active tectonics of western Saint Elias Orogen, Alaska: Integration of LIDAR and field geology, Eos Trans. AGU, Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract G53C-0922.
7. Bruns, T. R. (1983), Model for the origin of the Yakutat block, an accreted terrane in the northern Gulf of Alaska, Geology, 11, 718-721.
8. Bruns, T. R., and W. C. Schwab (1983), Structure maps and seismic stratigraphy of the Yakataga segment of the continental margin, northern Gulf of Alaska, U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Field Stud. Map, MF-1424, 25 pp.
9. Calkin, P. E., G. C. Wiles, and D. J. Barclay (2001), Holocene coastal glaciation of Alaska, Quat. Sci. Rev., 20, 449-461.
10. Chapman, J. B., and M. Vorkink (2006), Tectonic geomorphology in an orogen dominated by glacial erosion, Saint Elias Mountains, Alaska, Chapman Conference: Active Tectonics and Seismic Potential of Alaska, AGU, Girdwood, Alaska.
11. Chapman, J. B., T. L. Pavlis. T. L., A. Barker, R. Headley, K. Ridgway, A. Berger, J., Spotila, M. Vorkink, and R. Bruhn (2007), Tectonics and structural evolution of the eastern St. Elias syntaxis, Alaska, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 39(6), Abstract 181-23.
12. Davis, D., J. Suppe, and F. Dahlen (1983), Mechanics of foldand- thrust belts and accretionary wedges, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1153-1172.
13. DeMets, C., R. G. Gordon, D. F. Argus, and S. Stein (1994), Effect of recent revisions of geomagnetic reversal timescale on estimate of current plate motions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2191-2194.
14. Doser, D. I., and R. Lomas (2000), The transition from strike-slip to oblique subduction in southeastern Alaska from seismological studies, Tectonophysics, 316, 45-65.
15. Doser, D. I., J. R. Pelton, and A. M. Veilleux (1997), Earthquakes in the Pamplona zone, Yakutat Block, southcentral Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 24,499-24,511.
16. Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia (1994), Metamorphic history of Alaska, in The Geology of North America: The Geology of Alaska, edited by G. Plafker and H. C. Berg, pp. 495-533, Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo.
17. Eberhart-Phillips, D., D. H. Christensen, T. M. Brocher, R. Hansen, N. A. Ruppert, P. J. Haeussler, and G. A. Abers (2006), Imaging the transition from Aleutian subduction to Yakutat collision in central Alaska, with local earthquakes and active source data, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B11303, doi:10.1029/2005JB004240.
18. Elliot, D. (1976), The energy balance and deformation mechanisms of thrust sheets, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A., 283, 289-312.
19. Estabrook, C. H., J. L. Nábělek, and J. L. Lerner-Lam (1992), Tectonic model of the Pacific-North American plate boundary in the Gulf of Alaska from broadband analysis for the 1979 St. Elias, Alaska, earthquake and its aftershocks, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6587-6612.
20. Eyles, C. H., and M. B. Lagoe (1990), Sedimentation patterns and facies geometries on a temperate glacially-influenced continental shelf: The Yakataga Formation, Middleton Island, Alaska, in Glacimarine Environments: Processes and Sediments, edited by J. A. Dowdeswell and J. D. Scourse, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 53, 363-386.
21. Eyles, C. H., N. Eyles, and M. B. Lagoe (1991), The Yakataga Formation, a late Miocene to Pleistocene record of temperate glacial marine sedimentation in the Gulf of Alaska, in Glacialmarine sedimentation, paleoclimatic significance, edited by Anderson, J. B., and G. M. Ashley, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 261, 159-180.
22. Fitzgerald, P. G., E. Stump, and T. F. Redfield (1993), Late Cenozoic uplift of Denali and its relation to relative plate motion and fault morphology, Science, 259, 497-499.
23. Fletcher, H. J., and J. T. Freymueller (1999), New GPS constraints on the motion of the Yakutat Block, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3029-3032.
24. Fletcher, H. J., and J. T. Freymueller (2003), New constraints on the motion of the Fairweather fault, Alaska, from GPS observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(3), 1139, doi:10.1029/2002GL016476.
25. Fruehn, J., R. von Huene, and M. A. Fisher (1999), Accretion in the wake of terrane collision: The Neogene accretionary wedge off Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, Tectonics, 18, 263-277.
26. Fuller, C., S. D. Willett, and M. T. Brandon (2006), Formation of forearc basins and their influence on subduction zone earthquakes, Geology, 34, 65-68.
27. Gulick, S. P. S., L. Lowe, T. L. Pavlis, J. V. Gardner, and L. A. Mayer (2007), Geophysical insights into the Transition fault debate: Propagating strike-slip in response to stalling Yakutat block, Geology, 35, 763-766.
28. Hallet, B. (1979), A theoretical model of glacial abrasion, J. Glaciol., 23, 39-50.
29. Hamilton, T. D. (1994), Late Cenozoic glaciation of Alaska, in The Geology of North America: The Geology of Alaska, edited by G. Plafker and H. C. Berg, pp. 813-844, Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo.
30. Hoth, S., J. Adam, N. Kukowshi, O. Oncken (2006), Influence of erosion on the kinematics of bivergent orogens: Results form scaled sandbox simulations, in Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution, edited by S. D. Willett, N. Hovius, M. Brandon, and D. M. Fisher, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 398, 201-225.
31. Jaeger, J. M., C. A. Nitrouer, N. D. Scott, and J. D. Milliman (1998), Sediment accumulation along a glacially impacted mountainous coastline: North-east Gulf of Alaska, Basin Res., 10, 155-173.
32. Johnston, S., A. Meigs, J. Garver, and J. Spotila (2004), Backstop and orogenic wedge cooling histories in the active Yakutat Terrane collision, Southern Alaska, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 36(5), Abstract 112-6.
33. Koons, P. O. (1994), Three-dimensional critical wedges: Tectonics and topography in oblique collisional orogens, J. Geophys. Res., 99(B6), 12,301-12,315.
34. Koons, P. O., R. J. Norris, D. Craw, and A. F. Cooper (2003), Influence of exhumation on the structural evolution of transpressional plate boundaries: An example from the Southern Alps, New Zealand, Geology, 31, 3-6.
35. Lahr, J. C., and G. Plafker (1980), Holocene Pacific-North American plate interaction in southern Alaska: Implications for the Yakataga seismic gap, Geology, 8, 483-486.
36. Larsen, C. F. (2006), Geology and seismology of the Saint Elias orogen and southeastern Alaska, Chapman Conference: Active Tectonics and Seismic Potential of Alaska, AGU, Girdwood, Alaska.
37. Leonard, L. J., R. D. Hyndman, S. Mazzotti, L. Nykolaishen, M. Schmidt, and S. Hippchen (2007), Current deformation in the northern Canadian Cordillera inferred from GPS measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B11401, doi:10.1029/2007JB005061.
38. Lowe, L., S. Gulick, and T. L. Pavlis (this volume), Identifying active structures in the Kayak Island and Pamplona zones: Implications for offshore tectonics of the Yakutat microplate.
39. Mazzotti, S., and R. D. Hyndman (2002), Yakutat collision and strain transfer across the northern Canadian Cordillera, Geology, 30, 495-498.
40. Meigs, A., and J. Sauber (2000), Southern Alaska as an example of the long-term consequences of mountain building under the influence of glaciers, in Glacio-Seismotectonics; Ice Sheets, Crustal Deformation and Seismicity, edited by I. S. Steward and J. Sauber, Quat. Sci. Rev., 19, 1544-1562.
41. Mitchell, S. G., and D. R. Montgomery (2006), Influence of a glacial buzz saw on the height and morphology of the Washington Cascade Range, Washington State, USA. Quat. Res., 65, 96-107.
42. Molnar, P., and P. England (1990), Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change: Chicken or egg?, Nature, 346, 29-34.
43. Norris, R. J., P. O. Koons, and A. F. Cooper (1990), The obliquelyconvergent plate boundary in the South Island of New Zealand:Implications for ancient collision zones, J. Struct. Geol., 12, 715-725.
44. Nye, C. J. (1983), Petrology and geochemistry of Okmok and Wrangell volcanoes, Alaska, Ph.D. thesis, 208 pp., Univ. of Calif., Santa Cruz.
45. Page, R. A. (1969), Late Cenozoic movement on the Fairweather fault in southeast Alaska, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 80, 1873-1878.
46. Page, R. A., C. D. Stephens, and J. C. Lahr (1989), Seismicity of the Wrangell and Aleutian Wadati-Benioff zones and the North American plate along the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect, Chugach Mountains and Copper River basin, southern Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,059-16,082.
47. Pavlis, T. L., and R. L. Bruhn (2005), Surface ruptures in the western St. Elias Orogen, Alaska: Seismogenic gravity collapse sachung vs fold-growth related scarps, Eos Trans. AGU, Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T23C-0573.
48. Pavlis, T. L., M. W. Hamburger, and G. L. Pavlis (1997), Erosional processes as a control on the structural evolution of an actively deforming fold and thrust belt: An example from the Pamir-Tien Shan region, central Asia, Tectonics, 16, 810-822.
49. Pavlis, T. L, C. Picornell, L. Serpa, R. L. Bruhn, and G. Plafker (2004), Tectonic processes during oblique collision: Insights from the St. Elias Orogen, northern North American Cordillera, Tectonics, 23, TC3001, doi:10.1029/2003TC001557.
50. Perez, O. J., and K. H. Jacob (1980), Tectonic model and seismic potential of the eastern Gulf of Alaska and Yakataga seismic gap, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 7132-7150.
51. Picornell, C. M. (2001), Detachment folds in the Gulf of Alaska fold and thrust belt: New implications for the tectonic framework of the eastern Aleutian arc, M.S. thesis, Univ. New Orleans, La, 117 pp.
52. Plafker, G. (1965), Tectonic deformation associated with the 1964 Alaska earthquake, Science, 148, 1675-1687.
53. Plafker, G. (1974), Preliminary geologic map of Kayak and Wingham islands, Alaska, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep., 74-0082.
54. Plafker, G. (1987), Regional geology and petroleum potential of the northern Gulf of Alaska, in Geology and resource potential of the continental margin of the western North American and adjacent ocean basins-Beaufort Sea to Baja California: Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, edited by D. W. Scholle, A. Grantz, and J. G. Vedder, Earth Sci. Ser., 6, 229-268.
55. Plafker, G. (2005), Geology of Bering Glacier and Icy Bay quadrangles, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep., 2005-1342.
56. Plafker, G., and W. Thatcher (1982), Geological and geophysical evaluation of the mechanisms of the great 1899-1900 Yakutat Bay, Alaska earthquakes, Chapman Conference on Fault Behavior and Earthquake Generating Processes, AGU, Snowbird, UT, Oct. 11-15.
57. Plafker, G., T. Hudson, T. R. Bruns, and M. Rubin (1978), Late Quaternary offsets along the Fairweather Fault and crustal plate interactions in southern Alaska, Can. J. Earth Sci., 15, 805-816.
58. Plafker, G., J. C. Moore, and G. R. Winkler (1994), Geology of the southern Alaska margin, in The Geology of North America:The Geology of Alaska, edited by G. Plafker and H. C. Berg, pp. 389-449, Geol. Soc. Am., Boulder, Colo.
59. Preece, S. J., and W. K. Hart (2004), Geochemical variations in the <5 Ma Wrangell Volcanic Field, Alaska: Implications for the magmatic and tectonic development of a complex continental arc system, Tectonophysics, 392, 165-191.
60. Richter, D. H., J. G. Smith, M. A. Lanphere, G. B. Dalrymple, B. L. Reed, and N. Shew (1990), Age and progression of volcanism, Wrangell volcanic field, Alaska, Bull. Volcanol., 53, 29-44.
61. Risely, D. E., G. C. Martin, M. B. Lynch, T. O. Flett, and J. A. Larson (1992), Geologic Report for the Gulf of Alaska planning area, 302 pp., Mineral Management Service, MMS Report 92-0065, Anchorage, Alaska.
62. Sauber, J., S. McClusky, and R. King (1997), Relation of ongoing deformation rates to subduction zone processes in southern Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2853-2856.
63. Savage, J. C., and M. Lisowski (1986), Strain accumulation in the Yakataga seismic gap, southern Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 9495-9506.
64. Sisson, V. B., L. S. Hollister, and T. C. Onstott (1989), Petrologic and age constraints on the origin of a low-pressure/high-temperature metamorphic complex, southern Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 4392-4441.
65. Spotila, J.A., J. T. Buscher, A. Meigs, and P. Reiners (2004), Longterm glacial erosion of active mountain belts: Example of the Chugach/St. Elias Range, Alaska, Geology, 32, 501-504.
66. Stockmal, G., C. Beaumont, M. Nguyen, and B. Lee (2006), Dynamical coupling between foreland deposition and thin-skinned thrust-and-fold belt structural style: Insights from numerical models, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 38(5), Abstract 41-1.
67. Storti, F., and K. McClay (1995), Influence of syntectonic sedimentation on thrust wedges in analogue models, Geology, 23, 999-1002.
68. Stout, J. H., and C. G. Chase (1980), Plate kinematics of the Denali fault system, Can. J. Earth Sci., 17, 1527-1537.
69. Suppe, J. (1981), Mechanics of mountain building and metamorphism in Taiwan, Mem. Geol. Soc. China, 4, 67-89.
70. Tarr, R. S., and L. Martin (1912), The earthquakes of Yakutat Bay, Alaska in September 1899, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 69, 135 pp.
71. Tocher, D. (1960), The Alaska earthquake of July 10, 1958-movement on the Fairweather fault and field investigation of southern epicentral region, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 50, 267-292.
72. Tomkin, J. H. (2007), Coupling glacial erosion and tectonics at active orogens: A numerical modeling study, J. Geophys. Res., 112, F02015, doi:10.1029/2005JF000332.
73. Tysdal, R. G., T. Hudson, and G. Plafker (1975), Backsliding(?) along the Ragged Mountain thrust fault, U.S. Geol. Surv. Circ. Rep., C 0722, 49-50.
74. von Huene, R., and D. W. Scholl (1991), Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust, Rev. Geophys., 29, 279-316.
75. Vorkink, M., R. Bruhn, T. Pavlis, J. McCalpin, and J. Chapman (2007), Using LIDAR to distinguish between competing models of terrane accretion in the Western segment of the Saint Elias orogen, Alaska, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 39(6), Abstract 181-21.
76. Wallace, W. K. (this volume), Yakataga fold-and-thrust belt: Structural geometry and tectonic implications of a small continental collision zone.
77. Wells, R. E., D. C. Engebretson, P. D. Snavely, and R. S. Coe (1984), Cenozoic plate motions and the volcano-tectonic evolution of Western Oregon and Washington, Tectonics, 3, 275-294.
78. Whipple, K. X., and B. J. Meade (2004), Controls on the strength of coupling among climate, erosion, and deformation in two-sided, frictional orogenic wedges at steady state, J. Geophys. Res., 109, F01011, doi:10.1029/2003JF000019.
79. Willett, S. D. (1999), Orogeny and orography: The effects of erosion on the structure of mountain belts, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 28,957-28,981.
80. Zeitler, P. K., et al. (2001), Crustal reworking at Nanga Parbat, Pakistan: Metamorphic consequences of thermal-mechanical coupling facilitated by erosion, Tectonics, 20, 712-728.
81. Zellers, S. D. (1993), Controls on glacial-marine accumulation rates in the Yakataga Formation, Gulf of Alaska, paper presented at GCSSEPM Foundation 14th Annual Research Conference, Houston, Tex, 299-306.
82. Zellers S. D. (1995), Foraminiferal sequence biostratigraphy of the offshore Yakataga Formation, northeastern Gulf of Alaska, Mar. Micropaleontol., 26, 255-271.