Orogeny and orography: The effects of erosion on the structure of mountain belts

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 104, Issue B12, 1999, Pages 28957-28981

  Wille, Scan D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EROSION; EXHUMATION; OROGENY; UPLIFT;

NEW ZEALAND; OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS; SOUTH ISLAND; SOUTHERN ALPS; UNITED STATES; WASHINGTON;

EID: 0033545009     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Adams, C.J., and J.E. Gabites, Age of metamorphism and uplift in the Haast Schist Group at Haast Pass, Lake Wanaka, and Lake Hawea, South Island, New Zealand, N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys., 28, 85-96, 1985.
2. Adams, J., Contemporary uplift and erosion of the Southern Alps, New Zealand, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. Part II, 91, 1-114, 1980.
3. Anderson, R.S., Evolution of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, through tectonic growth and geomorphic decay, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20161-20179, 1994.
4. Barr, T.D., and F. A. Dahlen, Brittle frictional mountain building, 2, Thermal structure and heat budget, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 3923-3947, 1989.
5. Barr, T.D., F.A. Dahlen, and D.C. McPhail, Brittle frictional mountain building3. Low-grade metamorphism, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10,319-10,338, 1991.
6. Barry, R.G., A fountain Weather and Climate, 313 pp., Methuen, New York, 1981.
7. Batt, O.E., and J. Braun, On the thermo-mechanical evolution of compressional orogens, Geophys. J. Int., 128, 364-382, 1997.
8. att, O.E., B.P. Kohn, J. Braun, I. McDougall, and T.R. Ireland, New insight into the dynamic development of the Southern Alps, New Zealand, from detailed thermochronological investigation of the Mataketake Range pegmatites, in Exhumation Processes: Normal Faulting, Ductile Flow and Erosion, edited by U. Ring, M. Grandon, G. Lister, and S. D. Willett, Spec. Publ. Ceol. Soc. London, 154, pp. 261-282, 1999.
9. Beaumont, C., and, G. Quinlan, A geodynamic framework for interpreting crustal-scale seismic-reflectivity patterns in compressional orogens, Geophys. J. Int., 116, 754-783, 1994.
10. Beaumont, C., P. Fullsack, and J. Hamilton, Erosional control of active compressional orogens, in TJirust Tectonics, edited by K. R. McClay, pp. 19-31, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1992.
11. Beaumont, C., S. Ellis, J. Hamilton, and P. Fullsack, Mechanical model for subduction-collision tectonics of Alpine-type compressional orogens, Geology, 24, 675-678, 1996a.
12. Beaumont, C., P.J.J. Kamp, J. Hamilton, and P. Fullsack, The continental collision zone, South Island New Zealand; Comparison of geodynamic models and observations, J. Geophys.Res., 101, 3333-3359, 1996b.
13. Beaumont, C., H. Kooi, and S. D. Willett, Progress in coupled tectonic Surface Process Models with applications to rifted margins and collisional orogens, in Geomorphology and Global Tectonics,ed\led by M. Summerfield, in press, 1999a.
14. Beaumont, C., J. A. Munoz, , J. Hamilton, and P. Fullsack, Factors controlling the Alpine evolution of the central Pyrenees inferred from a comparison of observations and geodynamical models, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 1999b.
15. Bird, P., New finite element techniques for modeling deformation histories of continents with stratified temperature-dependent rheology, J. Geophys.Res., 94, 3967-3990, 1989.
16. Bird, P., Lateral extrusion of lower crust from under high topography, in the isostatic limit, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10,275-10,286, 1991.
17. Brandon, M.T., and A.R. Calderwood, High-pressure metamorphism and uplift of the Olympic subduction complex, Geology, 18, 1252-1255,1990.
18. Brandon, M.T., and J.A. Vance, New statistical methods for analysis of fission-track grain-age distributions with applications to detrital zircon ages from the Olympic subduction complex, Western Washington State, Am. J. Sci., 292, 565-636, 1992.
19. Brandon, M. T., M. K. Roden-Tice, and J.I. Carver, Late Cenozoic exhumation of the Cascadia accretionary wedge in the Olympic Mountains, NW Washington State, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 110, 985-1009, 1998.
20. Braun, J., and C. Beaumont, Three-dimensional numerical experiments of strain partitioning at oblique plate boundaries: Implications for contrasting tectonic styles in the southern Coast Ranges, California, and central South Island, New Zealand, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18059-18074, 1995.
21. Braun, J., and M. Sambridge, Modelling landscape evolution on geological time scales: A new method based on irregular spatial discretization. Basin Res., 9, 27-52, 1997.
22. Chappie, W.M., Mechanics of thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 89, 1189-1198, 1978.
23. Chase, C.G., Fluvial landsculpting and the fractal dimension of topography, Geomorphology, 5, 39-57, 1992.
24. Cooper, A.F., and R.J. Norris, Anatomy, structural evolution, and slip rate of a plate-boundary thrust: The Alpine Fault at Gaunt Creek, Westland, New Zealand, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 106, 627-633, 1994. Dahlen, F.A., Noncohesive critical Coulomb wedges: An exact solution, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 10125-10133, 1984.
25. Dahlen, F.A., Critical taper model of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 18, 55-99, 1990.
26. Davis, D., J. Suppe, and F.A. Dahlen, Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1153-1172, 1983.
27. Densmore, A. L., M. A. Ellis, and R.S. Anderson, Landsliding and the evolution of normal-fault-bounded mountains, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 15,203-15,219, 1998.
28. Ellis, S., P. Fullsack, and C. Beaumont, Oblique convergence of the crust driven by basal forcing: Implications for length-scales of deformation and strain partitioning in orogens, Geophys. J. Int., 120, 24-44, 1995.
29. England, P., and D.P. McKenzie, A thin viscous sheet model for continental deformation, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 70, 295-321, 1982.
30. England, P., G. Houseman, and L. Sonder, Length scales for continental deformation in convergent, divergent and strike-slip environments: Analytical and approximate solutions for a thin viscous sheet model, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4797-4810, 1985.
31. Fullsack, P., An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation for creeping flows and its application in tectonic models, Geophys. J. Int., 120, 1-23, 1995.
32. Gilbert, G.K., Report on the Geology of the Henry Mountains, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Washington, D.C., 1877.
33. Griffiths, O.A., High sediment yields from major rivers of the western Southern Alps, New Zealand, Nature, 282, 61-63, 1979.
34. Hovius, N., Macroscale process systems of mountain belt erosion and sediment delivery to basins, Ph.D. thesis, Oxford, England, Univ. of Oxford, 1995.
35. Hovius, N., C.P. Stark, and P.A. Alien, Sediment flux from a mountain . belt derived by landslide mapping, Geology, 25, 231-234, 1997.
36. Howard, A.D., and G. Kerby, Channel changes in badlands, Geol. Soc. of Am. Bull., 94, 739-752, 1983.
37. Jamieson, R.A., and C. Beaumont, Orogeny and metamorphism: A model for deformation and P-T-t paths with applications to the central and southern Appalachians, Tectonics, 7, 417-445,1988.
38. Jamieson, R.A., C. Beaumont, J. Hamilton, and P. Fullsack, Tectonic assembly of inverted metamorphic sequences, Geology, 24, 839-842, 1996.
39. Kamp, P.J.J., P.P. Green, and S. H. White, Fission track analysis reveals character of collisional tectonics in New Zealand, Tectonics, 8, 169-195,1989
40. Kohlstedt, D. L., B. Evans, and S. J. Mackwell, Strength of the lithosphère: Constraints imposed by laboratory experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 17,587-17,602, 1995.
41. Kooi, H., and C. Beaumont, Escarpment retreat on high-elevation rifted continental margins: Insights derived from a surface-processes model that combines diffusion, reaction and advection, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12,191-12,209, 1994.
42. Kooi, H., and C. Beaumont, Large-scale geomorphology: Classical concepts reconciled and integrated with contemporary ideas via a surface processes model, J. Geophys. Res., 1012, 3361-3386, 1996.
43. Koons, P.O., The topographic evolution of collisional mountain belts: A numerical look at the Southern Alps, New Zealand, Am. J. Sci., 289, 1041-1069, 1989.
44. Leopold, L.B., M.G. Wolman, and J.P. Miller, Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology, Freeman, Cooper, San Francisco, Calif., 1964.
45. Masek, J.G., B.L. Isacks, T.L. Gubbels, and E.J. Fielding, Erosion and tectonics at the margins of continental plateaus, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 13,941-13,956, 1994.
46. Morris, R. G., H. D. Sinclair, and A. J. Yelland, Exhumation of the Pyrenean orogen: implications for sediment discharge, Basin Res., in press, 1999.
47. Norris, R. J., P.O. Koons, and A. F. Cooper, The obliquely-convergent plate boundary in the South Island of New Zealand: Implications for ancient collision zones,/ Struct. Geol., 12, 715-725, 1990.
48. Reilly, W.I., and C.M. Whitford, Gravity map of New Zealand, 1:1,000,000: Bouguer and isostatic anomalies, South Island, Dep. of Sci. and Ind. Res., Wellington, New Zealand, 1979.
49. Royden, L., Coupling and decoupling of crust and mantle in convergent orogens: Implications for strain partitioning in the crust, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17,679-17,705, 1996.
50. Schlunegger, F., and S. D. Willett, Spatial and temporal variations in exhumation of the central Swiss Alps and implications for denudation mechanisms, in Exhumation Processes: Normal Faulting, Ductile Flow and Erosion, edited by U. Ring, M. Brandon, G. Lister, and S. D. Willett, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. London, 154, pp. 157-179, 1999.
51. Schmid, S.M., O.A. Pfiffner, N. Froitzheim, G. Schönborn, and E. Kissling, Geophysical-geological transect and tectonic evolution of the Swiss-Italian Alps, Tectonics, 15, 1036-1064, 1996.
52. Seidl, M. A., and W. E. Dietrich, The problem of channel erosion into bedrock, Catena Suppi, 23, 101-124, 1992.
53. Seidl, M. A., W. E. Dietrich, and J. W. Kirchner, Longitudinal profile development into bedrock: An analysis of Hawaiian channels, J. Geol., 102,451-414, 1994.
54. Silver, E.A., and D.L. Reed, Backthrusting in accretionary wedges, J. Geophys. Res., 93,3116-3126, 1988.
55. Sklar, L., W. E. Dietrich, and A. D. Howard, The influence of sediment supply on river incision into bedrock; a theoretical investigation, Eos Trans. AGU, 77(46) Fall Meet. Suppl., 251, 1996.
56. Slingerland, R., S. D. Willett, and H. Hennessey, A new fluvial bedrock erosion model based on the work-energy principle, Eos Trans. AGU, 78(46) Fall Meet. Suppl., 299, 1997.
57. Stock, J., and P. Molnar, Uncertainties in the relative positions of the Australia, Antarctica, Lord Howe, and Pacific plates since the Late Cretaceous, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 4697-47H 1982.
58. Stock, J. and D. Montgomery, Geological constraints on bedrock river incision using the stream power law, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 4983-4993,1999.
59. Suppe, J., A retrodeformable cross section of northern Taiwan, Geol. Soc. China Proc., 23, 46-55, 1980.
60. Suppe, J., Mechanics of mountain building and metamorphism in Taiwan, Mem. Geol. Soc. China, 4, 67-89, 1981.
61. Tabor, R.W., and W.M. Cady, The structure of the Olympic Mountains, Washington- Analysis of a subduction zone, U.S. Geol. Sum. Prof. Pap., 1033,38 pp., 1978a.
62. Tabor, R.W., and W.M. Cady, Geologic map of the Olympic Peninsula, U.S. Geol. Surv. Map, 1-994, scale 1:125000, 1978b.
63. Tippelt, J.M., and N. Hovius, Geodynamic processes in the Southern Alps, New Zealand, in Geomorphology and Global Tectonics, edited by M. Summerfield, John Wiley, in press, 1999.
64. Tippett, J. M., and P.J.J. Kamp, Fission track analysis of the late Cenozoic vertical kinematics of continental Pacific crust, South Island, New Zealand, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16,119-16,148, 1993.
65. Tucker, G. E., and R. Slingerland, Erosional dynamics, flexural isostasy, and long-lived escarpments: A numerical modeling study, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12,229-12,243, 1994.
66. Turcotte, D.L. and G. Schubert, Geotlynamics: Applications of ontinmim Physics to Geological Problems, 450 pp., John Wiley, New York, 1982.
67. Walcott, R. I., Present tectonics, and Late Cenozoic evolution of New Zealand, Geophys. J. R. astron. Soc., 52, 137-164, 1978.
68. Walcott, R. I., The kinematics of the plate boundary zone through New Zealand: a comparison of short- and long-term deformations, Geophys. J. R. astron. Soc., 79, 613-633, 1984.
69. Walcott. R. I., Modes of oblique compression: Late Cenozoic tectonics of the South Island of New Zealand, Rev. Geophys., 36, 1-26, 1998.
70. Wang, W.-H., and D. M. Davis, Sandbox model simulation of forearc evolution and non-critical wedges, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17,329-11339, 1996.
71. Wdowinski, S., and Y. Bock, The evolution of deformation and topography of high elevated plateaus 1. Model, numerical analysis, and general results, J. Geophy. Res., 99, 7103-7119, 1994.
72. Wellman, H.W., An uplift map for the South Island of New Zealand, and a model for uplift of the Southern Alps, in The Origin of the Southern Alps, edited by R.I. Walcott and M.M. Cresswell, Bull. R. Soc. N.Z, 18, 13-20, 1979.
73. Whitehouse, I. E., Geomorphology of a compressional plate boundary, Southern Alps, New Zealand, in International Geomorphology, 1986, part I, edited by V. Gardiner, pp. 897-924, John Wiley, 1987.
74. Willett, S. D., Dynamic and kinematic growth and change of a Coulomb wedge, in Thrust Tectonics, edited by K. McClay, pp. 19-31, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1992.
75. Willett, S. D., Rheological dependence of extension in viscous and plastic wedge models of convergent orogens, fectonophysics, 305, 419-435, 1999.
76. Willett, S. D., and C. Beaumont, Subduction of Asian lithospheric mantle beneath Tibet inferred from models of continental collision, Nature, 569,642-645,1994.
77. Willett, S. D., C. Beaumont, and P. Fullsack, Mechanical model for the tectonics of doubly vergent compressional orogens, Geology, 21, 371-374, 1993.